Compressible flow

The course of compressible flow / gas dynamics is concerned

with the causes and the effects arising from the motion of
compressible fluids particularly gases.
It is branch of more general subject of fluid dynamics.
Compressible flow involves significant changes in density. It is
encountered in devices that involve the flow of gases at very high
speeds.
Compressible flow combines fluid dynamics and thermodynamics
in that both are necessary to the development of the required
theoretical background.
The analysis of flow problems is based on the fundamental
principles given below:
1. Conservation of mass 2. Newton’s second law of motion 3.
Conservation of energy
The continuity equation for a control volume is
For steady flow, any partial derivative with respect to time is zero
and the equation becomes:
For one-dimensional flow any fluid property will be constant over
an entire
cross section. Thus both the density and the velocity can be
brought out from under the integral sign.
If the surface is chosen perpendicular to V, the integral is very
simple to evaluate.
For steady, one-dimensional flow, the continuity equation for a
control volume becomes
If there is only one section where fluid enters and one section
where fluid leaves the control volume, continuity equation
becomes
An alternative form of the continuity equation can be obtained by
differentiating equation. For steady one-dimensional flow this
means that
Dividing by ρAV yields
Momentum Equation
The time rate of change of momentum of a fluid mass equals the
net force exerted on it.
The integral form of equation is
If there is only one section where fluid enters and one section
where fluid leaves the control volume steady one-dimensional
flow, the momentum equation for a control volume becomes:
Energy Equation
The first law of thermodynamics is a statement of conservation of
energy. For a system composed of a given quantity of mass that
undergoes a process, we say that
The transformed equation that is applicable to a control volume is