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21 February 2013

Charging Currents in Transmission Lines

Any two conductors separated by an insulating medium constitutes a condenser or capacitor.In case of overhead
transmission lines, two conductors form the two plates of the capacitor and the air between the conductors behaves
as dielectric medium. Thus an overhead transmission line can be assumed to have capacitance between the
conductors throughout the length of the line. The capacitance is uniformly distributed over the length of the line and
may be considered as uniform series of condensers connected between the conductors.

When an alternating voltage is applied across the transmission line it draws the leading current even when supplying
no load. This leading current will be in quadrature with the applied voltage and is termed as charging current. It must
be noted that charging current is due to the capacitive effect between the conductors of the line and does not depend
on the load. The strength of the charging currents depends on the voltage of transmission, the capacitance of the line
and frequency of the ac supply. It is given by the expression

Charging current Ic = 2 x pi x f x C x V

Where f is the frequency of the supply

C is the Capacitance of the line
V is the voltage of the line

If the capacitance of the overhead line is high, the line draws more charging currents which cancels out the lagging
component of the load current (normally load is inductive in nature). Hence the resultant current flowing in the line is
reduced. The reduction in the resultant current flowing through the transmission line for given load current results in:

Reduction of the line losses and so increase of transmission efficiency.

Reduction in the voltage drop in the system or improvement of the voltage regulation.
Increased load capacity and improved power factor

Significance of Charging currents:

Capacitance effect (responsible for charging currents) of the short transmission lines are negligible. However they are
significant in medium and long distance transmission lines.
In long distance transmission lines, during light loaded conditions receiving end voltage will be higher than sending
end voltage. This is because of the charging currents and capacitive effect of the line

8 comments:

Leslie Lim May 26, 2016 at 7:09 PM

You have done a great work. Thanks for making this blog. You helped me a lot on my research topic.
Keep it up guys!
www.imarksweb.org
Reply

saurabh yadav. June 19, 2016 at 5:11 AM

Thanks guys.
Reply

OWAIS MOHI UD DIN October 8, 2017 at 9:21 AM

thanks sir
Reply

OWAIS MOHI UD DIN October 8, 2017 at 9:22 AM

sir does this mean higher value capacitance is desirable
Reply

Replies

Unknown October 8, 2018 at 5:02 AM

Yes

Reply

parth shah September 9, 2018 at 10:46 AM

Please make a blog topic of capacitor selection
Reply

Unknown October 13, 2018 at 11:31 PM

Very nice info..tu
Reply

Anonymous October 18, 2018 at 7:10 AM

Hi
We installed a 1.5 kW single phase hydro turbine in north east. The transmission line is 1.5 km long.
When connected, there was no voltage at all at the end. We have used 6 sqmm copper, double core
cable. What could be the problem? charging current for the transmission line? how do we solve it?
Rams.
Reply
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