Determinants and Matrices

Previous Year Questions and Detailed Solution

1. What are the values of x, y and z 7. If eigen values of the matrix A are 1, -1, 2
respectively in which the matrix then 5, -1, 8 are the eigen values of the
x y z 0 matrix.
0 0 0 −1 1) A+4I 2) A2+4I
z x −y 0 isorthogonal?
−y z −x 0 3) 3A-2I 4) 3A+2I
1) 1,0,2 2) 2, 1,-1 8. Which of the quadratic forms in three
2 3 6 variablesis positive definite?
3) 0,1,2 4)7 , 7 , 7
1) 4x2+5y2 2) 2x2-5y2+7z2
4 21 3 3) 2x2+5y2+5z2 4) –x2-2y2-7z2
2. The rank of the matrix A = 6 34 7 is
9. Which of the following Is the factor of the
2 10 1
1)4 2) 1 determinant?
3) 2 4)3 a + b + 2c a b
c b + c + 2a b
3. Sum of the squares of the eigen values of
c a c + a + 2b
3 4 4
1) a 2) a-b
0 2 6 is
3) a + b 4) a+b+c
0 0 5
1) 10 2) 25 10. If a+b+c=0, one root of
3) 38 4) 42 a−x c b
c b−x a =0
4. If some of the eigen values of the quadratic
b a c−x
form are positive and others negative then 1) x =1 2) x=2
the quadratic form is 2 2 2
3)x=a +b +c 4) x=0
1) positive semidefinite 11. If A is a 4×4 matrix. Any second order
2) indefinite minorof A has its value as 0. Then the rank
3) negative semidefinite of A is
4) negative definite' 1) <2 2) = 2
5. If ax + by = lxy, cx + dy = mxy and 3) >2 4) anything
a b l b a l 2 0 0
∆= , ∆1= , ∆3= , then
c d m d c m 12. Given A = 0 4 0 then the
thevalue of (x, y) are 0 0 8
∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
1) , 2) , determinantvalue of A-1 is
∆1 ∆2 ∆2 ∆1
1
∆1 ∆2 ∆2 ∆2 1) 32 2)32
3) , 4) ,
∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ 1
1 2 3 −1 3)64 4) 64
6. Rank of the matrix 2 4 6 −2 is 3 1 5 −1
13. If X= then
3 6 9 −3 4 1 2 3
1) 1 2) 2 −3 4 −3 −4
1) X = 2)
3) 3 4) 4 14 13 −14 13

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 Determinants and Matrices

−3 4 −3 −4 1) 0, 3a 2) 0, 4, -3a
3) X= 4)
14 −13 −14 13 3) 0, 4, 39 4) 0, 4, 4a
14. A matrix (aij) is said to be skew Hermition if 4 5 6 x
1) aij = aji 2)aij = −aji 5 6 7 y
21. Value of
6 7 8 z
3) aij = −aji 4)aij = aji x y z 0
15. If the elements of 3 parallel lines of a 1) (x+y+z)2 2) (x-y+z)2
determinant consist of m, n and p terms 3) (x+y-2z)2 4) (x-2y+z)2
respectively, then the determinant can be 2 2 1
22. Eigen value of the matrix 1 3 1 are
expressed as
1 2 2
1) the sum of m + n+p determinant 1) 5, 5, -3 2) 1, 1, 5
2) the sum of m×n×p determinants 3) 0, 1, 6 4) 1, 2, 4
3) the product of m + n+p determinants 3 5 2 4
4) the product of m×n×p determinants
23. Rank of the matrix 1 2 5 7 is
16. If A and B are orthogonal matrices, then 6 10 4 8
1) AB is orthogonal 4 7 7 11
1) one 2) two
2) AB is singular
3) three 4) four
3) AB is not orthogonal
24. If two matrices A and B are Equivalent, then
4) AB is indeterminate
1) they are of same order
17. If λ is an eigen value of a matrix A, then
1 2) they are of the same rank
1) λ is also an eigen value of A. 3) they have the same number of elements
1
2) λ is an eigen value of A-1. 4) they are of the same order and rank
3) λ is an eigen value of A-1 25. The characteristic equation of the marix
5 2 −3
4) None of the above is true
0 0 8 is λ3 − 12λ2 + 35λ − k = 0,
1 1 + i −1 + i
18. The matrix 2 is 0 0 7
1+i 1−i
then k =
1) 12 2) 18
1) Hermition 2) Skew Hermitian
3) 0 4) 5
3) Unitary 4) None of these
bc b + c 1
19. Value of the determinant 26. The value of ca c + a 1 =
a−b−c 2a 2a ab a + b 1
2b (b − c − a) 2b is 1) (a-b)(b-c)(c-a) 2) abc
2c 2c (c − a − b) 3) 2 abc 4) 0
1) (a+b+3) 2) (a+b+c)2
3) (a+b + c)3 4) abc x−2 2x − 3 3x − 4
a+x a−x a−x 27. The equation x − 4 2x − 9 3x − 16 =
20. Solving : a − x a + x a − x = 0 values x−8 2x − 27 3x − 64
a−x a−x a+x 0 is satisfied if
of xare. 1) x=1 2) x=2
2
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 Determinants and Matrices

3) x=3 4) x=4 1
3) 3,-1,5 4) 1,-1, 7
T
28. If AA =1, then the matrix A is called
35. If A and B are two square matrices of the
1) Idempotent
same order than (A+B)(A-B) equals
2) Symmetric matrix
1) A2-B2 2) A2-AB-BA+B2
3) Orthogonal matrix
4) Tri-diagonal matrix
3) A2-BA+AB-B2 4) A2-AB+BA-B2
29. If A and B are square matrices of the same
36. The equation x+y=l, 2x+2y-2=0 have
order then (A + B)2 =
1) no solution
1) A2 + B2+2AB
2) unique solution
2) A2 + B2 + AB + BA
3) only two solutions
3) A2 + B2 + 2BA
4) infinite number of solutions
4) B2+A2+AB+AB 2 1 1
a1 b1 c1 37. If the rank of 1 3 4 is 2, then the value
30. If A = a2 b2 c2 and A1, B1, C1,.... 6 8 x
a3 b3 c3 ofx is
arecofactors of a1, b1, c1,.... then 1) 0 2) 1
A1 B1 C1 3) 5 4) 10
A2 B2 C2 = E) None of these
A3 B3 C3 1 1 1
1) ∆ 2) ∆2 38. If A= 1 2 2 then the sum and product
3) ∆3 4) ∆4 1 2 3
31. If A and B are non-singular matrices and ofthe eigen values are respectively.
AX=YB, then 1) 6 and 1 2) 1 and 6
1) X=Y 2) X=YBA-1 3) 2 and 3 4) 1 and 3
3) X=A-1YB 4) Y=B-1AX 1 1 1
32. If the rank of the matrix of order 5×4 is 3, 39. The value of the determinant x y z
then the value of the determinant of the x2 y2 z2
subsequence matrix of order 4 is is
l) 0 2) 1 1) (x-y)(y-x)(z-x) 2) xyz.
3) 4 4) 5 3) x+y+z
33. The product of the eigen values of the 4) xyz(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)
1 0 2 40. If A is a square matrix of order n, then
matrix 3 −1 0 is adj A
A is
0 1 2 |A|
1) 0 2) 2 1) A 2) A-1
3) 4 4) 8 3) 1 4) | A|I
34. If 1,-1, 5 are eigen values of the matrix A, 41. If A and B are two square matrices of the
then eigen values of the matrix A-1+ 21 are same order, then (A+B)(A-B) equals
11 1) A2-B2
1) 3, 1, 7 2) 3, 1, 5
2) A2-AB-BA+B2
3
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 Determinants and Matrices

3) A2-BA+AB-B2 48. The product of the eigen values of the

4) A2-AB + BA-B2 7 4 9
42. If W is a cube root of unit, then a root of matrix 2 −6 5 is
x+1 W W2 4 3 −2
1) zero 2) 275
theequation W x + W2 1 is
2 3) 84 4) 345
W 1 x+W
1) 0 2) 1 a−b−c 2a 2a
3) -1 4) -W 49. 2b b−c−a 2b
2c 2c c−a−b
43. The equations x+y=1, 2x+2y-2 = 0 have
1) (a+b+c)3 2) 2(a+b+c)3
1) no solution
3) 0 4) a3+b3+c3
2) unique solution log 3 512 log 4 3 log 2 3 log 8 3
3) only two solutions 50. is equal
log 3 8 log 4 9 log 3 4 log 3 4
4) infinite number of solutions to
44. If ∆= 1) 1 2) 6
1 cos θ 1 3) 10 4) 12
− cos θ 1 cos θ thentheva
51. If, a, b, c have all different values and
−1 − cos θ 1
lueof ∆ lies in the interval given by a a2 a3 − 1
1) 1≤∆≤1.5 2) 2≤∆≤4 b b2 b3 − 1
c c2 c3 − 1
3) 12≤∆≤14 4) 0≤∆≤1 1) abc=0 2) abc=l
45. If A is a (3×3) matrix such that detA=5, then 3) abc= 2 4) abc=2
the value of det (Adj A) is 2 0 0
1) 125 2) 25 52. If A= −1 3 0 then A.(ad] A) =
3) 625 4) 5 6 0 4
1
46. If the rank of the 0 0
−1 2 2 −2 2 −1 6 24
1 1
matrix 2 −4 −2 k is2 then K has 1) 24 0 3 0 2) 0 24 0
0 1 −3 2 0 0 4 1
0 0 24
the value
1
1) 3 2)4 24 0 0 0 0
2
3) 2 4) 1 3) 0 24 0 4) −1 3 0
0 0 24 2
1 1 1
3 0 2
47. IfA= 1 2 −3 then A(adj A) is
53. The product of the eigen value of the matrix
2 −1 3
1 0 0 1 1 1 8 −6 2
1) 1 2 0 2) 0 2 −3 −6 7 −4 is
2 −1 3 0 0 3 2 −4 3
−11 0 0 1 0 0 1) 45 2) 168
3) 0 −11 0 4) 0 2 0 3) 21 4) 0
0 0 −11 0 0 3

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 Determinants and Matrices

0 2 3 4 DELTAILED SOLUTIONS
54. The rank of the matrix 0 0 0 6
0 1 0 0
1. (4) For orthogonal matrix,
0 0 1 0
x y z 0 x 0 z −y
1) 4 2) 3
0 0 0 −1 y 0 x z
3) 2 4) 1 i.e. z x
−y 0 z 0 y −x
55. Given that the value of 9 for which the −y z −x 0 0 −1 0 0
cos θ 0 sin θ 1 0 0 0
0 1 0
= 0 1 0 0
matrix is orthogonal
− sin θ 0 cos θ 0 0 1 0
π
1) 2 2) 0 0 0 0 1
π x 2 + y 2 + z 2 …… …
3) 6 4) arbitrary
… …… …
⇒ … …… …
1 −1
56. If A= then which of the following … …… …
1 1 1 0 0 0
is true?
1) A2+2A+2I=0 2) A2+2A-2I=0 = 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0
3) A2-2A-2I=0 4) A2-2A+2I=0 0 0 0 1
1 0 From given choices in (4)
57. Given that A= the sum of the
1 1 2
if x = 7; y = 7; z= 7
3 6
elements in An is
1) 2n 2) 3n then, x2+y2+z2
4 9 36
3) n+2 4) n+3 = + + =1
49 49 49
K 1 2 ∴Required values:
58. If the matrix 1 2 0.5 has an eigen 2 3 6
x = 7; y = 7; z= 7
1 2 3
valueλ= 1, then the value of k is 4 2 13
1) 0.5 2) -0.5 2. (3) A = 6 3 47
3) 2 4) -2 2 1 01
T 1 2 4 3
59. Given that (1 2 3) is an eigen vector for the ~ 4 3 6 7 C1 ⟷ C3
2 3 −1 0 1 2 1
matrix 3 2 1 the corresponding eigen 1 2 4 3
2 2 2 ~ 0 −5 −10 −5 R 2 → R 2 − 4R1
1) 2 2) 5 0 1 2 1
3) 4 4) 3 1 2 4 3 R2
60. If A is a square matrix of order 3 and det ~ 0 −5 −10 −5 R 3 → R 3 +
5
A=2 then det (Adj A) = 0 0 0 0
There are two non zero rows.
1) 2 2) 4
Therefore the rank = 2
3) 8 4) 6
3. (3)
Characteristic equation is A − λI = 0

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 Determinants and Matrices

3−λ 4 4 b l
1
⇒ 0 2−λ 6 =0 Also y = db ma
0 0 5−λ d c
b a
⇒ 3−λ 2−λ 5−λ = 0
⇒ y = bd cl
∴λ = 3, 2, 5
d m
∴ Sum of the squares of Eigen values −
a b
= 32+22+52 = cl db
−
= 9+4+25 m d
∆
= 38 =∆
1
4. (2)If some of the Eigen values of the matrix ∆ ∆
∴ (x, y) = ,∆
A of a quadratic form are positive and others ∆2 1

negative, then the quadratic form is 6. (1)

Indefinite. Determinant of any submatrix of order 2x2
5. (2) ax + y = lxy and 3×3 of the given matrix is zero.
ax by Therefore rank of the given matrix is 1.
⇒xy + xy = l
Method 2 :
a b
⇒y + x = l 1 2 3 −1
A= 2 4 6 −2
b a
⇒x + y = l ..... (1) 3 6 9 −3
1 2 3 −1 R → R − 2R
Similarly ~ 0 0 0 0 2 2 1
cx + dy = mxy R 3 → R 3 − 3R1
0 0 0 0
d c
+ y = m .... (2) This equivalent matrix is in the Echelon
x
form. Since the number of non-zero rows of
∴ By Cramer s Rule, solutions of (1) and (2)
the matrix in the Echelon form is 1, implies
are given by
rank of A = l.
l a
1 m c 7. (4)
=
x b a If λ1 , λ2 , … , λn ,are Eigen values of A. then
d c kA has Eigen values
b l
d m 1 kλ1, kλ2, ..., kλn
and y = b a
d c
A+kl has Eigen values
l a k+λ1, k+λ2,... k + λn
1
Now, = mb c
a Given A has Eigen values 1, -1, 2
x
d c ∴3A has Eigen values 3, -3, 6
b a
⇒ x = dl ca Now
m c 3A+2I has Eigen values
a b 3 + 2, -3 + 2, 6+2 = 5, -1, 8
−
= ac dl 8. (3)
−
c m
∆ Consider 2x2+5y2+5z2
=∆
2

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 Determinants and Matrices

Clearly this is a quadratic form with three [∵ In this problem given a+b+c=0]
variables. A quadratic form is said to be ∴ x=0 is a root.
positive definite if rank of A = number of 11. (1)
positive square terms in the canonical form Since any second order minor of A=0, the
Positive square terms in 2x2+5y2+5z2 is 3 ... rank of A<2.
(1) 12. (3)
2 0 0 2 0 0
Now A = 0 5 0 A= 0 4 0
0 0 5 0 0 8
since |A| = 50 ≠ 0 A = 2×4×8 = 64
⇒ rank A = 3 FormulaAA−1 = 1
Since (1) = (2) implies the given expression ⇒ AA−1 = I
is a positive definite. ⇒ A A−1 = 1
9. (4) 1
⇒ A−1 = A
a + b + 2c a b
−1 1
c b + c + 2a b ⇒ A = 64
c a c + a + 2b 13. (3)
= 3 1 5 −1
a+b+c c a b X=
4 1 2 3
c a+b+c a b 3 1 −1
5 −1
c a a+b+c b ⇒X= .... (1)
4 1 2 3
put a+b+c, = 0 3 1
Let A =
c a b 4 1
⇒c a b | A | = 3 – 4 = -1
c a b 1 1 −1
A-1 = −1
= 0 [∵ two rows are identical] −4 3
−1 1
⇒a+b+c is a factor. =
4 −3
10. (4) ∴ (1) ⇒
a−x c b −1 1 5 −1
c b−x a X=
4 −3 2 3
b a c−x −3 4
=
put x=0 then 14 −13
a c b 14. (3)
c b a A square matrix A = [aij] is said to be skew -
b a c Hermition if the (i, j)th element of A is equal
R1→ R1+R2+R3
to the negative of the conjugate complex of
a+b+c a+b+c a+b+c
c b a the (j, i)th element of A
b a c i.e.,aij = −aij for all i, j
0 0 0 15. (1)
⇒ c b a =0 Total determinants = m + n + p
b a c
7
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 Determinants and Matrices

16. (1) =
A square matrix A is called orthogonal 1 0 0
matrix if the product of the matrix and its (a + b + c) 2b −a − b − c 0
transpose AT is an identity matrix, i.e., AAT 2c 2c −a − b − c
=1
= (a+b+c) [(a+b+c]2-0]
Suppose A and B are orthogonal matrices
= (a+b+c)3
Then AAT = ATA = I
20. (1)
BBT = BTB = I
a+x a−x a−x
Now a−x a+x a−x =0
(AB)(AB)T = ABBTAT a−x a−x a+x
= A(BBT)AT = AIAT = AAT = 1 C1 → C1 + C2 + C3
17. (2) 3a − x a − x a − x
1
If λ is an Eigen value of the matrix A, then λ ⇒ 3a − x a + x a − x = 0
3a − x a − x a + x
is an Eigen value of A-1 1 a−x a−x
18. (3) ⇒ 3a – x) 1 a + x a − x =0
1 1 + i −1 + i 1 a−x a+x
A=2
1+i 1−i R 2 → R 2 − R1
T 1 1−i 1−i R 3 → R 3 − R1
A* = A = 2
−1 − i 1 + i 1 a−x a−x
1 1 + i −1 + i 1−i 1−i
AA*= 4 ⇒ 3a – x) 0 2x 0 =0
1 + i 1 − i −1 − i 1 + i 0 0 2x
1 2+2 2−2
=4 ⇒ (3a – x) (4x2 – 0) = 0
2−2 2+2
1 4 0 ⇒x=0 (or) x=3a
=4
0 4 21. (4)
1 0 4 5 6 x
=
0 1 5 6 7 y
∴ A is unitary. 6 7 8 z
19. (3) x y z 0
a−b−c 2a 2a R 2 → R 2 − R1
2b (b − c − a) 2b R 3 → R 3 − R1
2c 2c (c − a − b) 4 5 6 x
R1 → R1 + R 2 + R 3 ⇒ 1 1 1 y−x
2 2 2 z−x
a−b−c 2a 2a x y z 0
⇒ 2b (b − c − a) 2b Interchanging R1 and R3
2c 2c (c − a − b) 2 2 2 z−x
1 1 1 − 1 1 1 y−x
= (a + b + c_ 2b b − c − a 2b 4 5 6 x
x y z 0
2c 2c c−a−b
C2 → C2 − C1 R1 → R1 − 2R 2
C3 → C3 − C1
8
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 Determinants and Matrices

0 0 0 z + x − 2y Now,
1 1 1 y−x λ2 − 6λ + 5 = λ − 1 λ2 − 6λ + 5
=− 5
4 6 x ⇒λ = 1, 5 are roots
x y z 0
∴Roots of λ3 -7λ2 +11λ-5 = 1, 1,5
Expanding through R1
1 1 1 ∴Eigen values = 1, 1, 5
= + (x + z – 2y) 4 5 6 23. (2)
x y z 3 5 2 4
z + x − 2y 5z − 6y + 6x − 4z + 4y 1 2 5 7
6 10 4 8
− 5x 4 7 7 11
2
= x + z − 2y R 2 ⟷ R1
22. (2) 1 2 5 7
Characteristic equation is ~ 3 5 2 4
2−λ 2 1 6 10 4 8
1 3−λ 1 =0 4 7 7 11
1 2 2+λ R 2 → R 2 − 3R1
2−λ 3−λ 2−λ −2 − R 3 → R 3 − 6R1
2 2−λ−1 +1 2−3+λ =0 R 4 → R 4 − 4R1
⇒ 2 − λ 6 − 3λ − 2λ + λ2 − 2 − 2 + 1 2 5 7
2λ − 1 + λ = 0 ~ 0 −1 −13 −17
0 −2 −26 −34
⇒ 2 − λ λ2 − 5λ + 4 + 3λ − 3 = 0 0 −1 −13 −17
⇒2λ2 − 10λ + 8 − λ3 + 5λ2 − 4λ + 3λ − 3 R 3 → R 3 − 2R1
=0 R 4 → R 4 − R1
⇒λ3 + 7λ2 − 11λ + 5 = 0 1 2 5 7
⇒ -λ3 − 7λ2 + 11λ − 5 = 0 ~ 0 −1 −13 −14
put λ = 1 then 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
13 – 7(1)2+11(1)-5 = 0
This is in Echelon form
∴λ = 1 is a root
It has two non zero rows.
Now,
∴Rank = 2
24. (4)
If two matrices A and B are EQUIVALENT,
then they are of the same order and rank.
25. (3)
Characteristic equation is
5−λ 2 −3
0 0−λ 8 =0
0 0 7−λ
⇒ 5 − λ −λ 7 − λ − 0 − 2 0 − 0 −
∴λ3 − 7λ2 + 11λ − 5 = λ − 1 λ2 − 6λ +
3 0−0 =0
5
5 − λ λ2 − 7λ =0
9
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 Determinants and Matrices

⇒ 5λ2 − 35λ − λ3 + 7λ2 = 0 28. (3)

⇒ −λ3 + 12λ3 − 35λ = 0 AAT = I, then the matrix A is called an
⇒λ3 − 12λ + 35λ = 0...(1) orthogonal matrix.
But the given characteristic equation is 29. (2)
λ3 − 12λ2 + 35λ − k = 0 ...(2)comparing If A and B are square matrices of the same
(1) and (2) order then
k=0 (A+B)2 = (A+B)(A+B)
26. (1) = A2+AB + BA + B2
bc b + c 1 = A2+B2+AB + BA
ca c + a 1 30. (2)
ab a + b 1 Standard Result:
R 2 ⟷ R 2 − R1 a1 b1 c1
R 3 ⟷ R 3 − R1 If ∆ = a2 b2 c2
bc b+c 1 a3 b3 c3
= c(a − b) a − b 0 and A1, B1, C1, ..., are cofactors of a1, b1, c1,
b(a − c) a − c 0 A1 B1 C1
bc b + c 1 ....then A2 B2 C2 = ∆2
= (a – b) (a –c) c 1 0 A3 B3 C3
b 1 0 31. (3)
= (a – b) (a – c) [bc (0 – 0) 0 (b + c) (0 – 0)
Given A and B are non-singular matrices.
+ (c – b)
This implies A-1 and B-1 exists.
= (a – b) (a – c) (c – b)
Now AX = YB
= (a – b) (b – c) (c – a)
⇒ A-1AX = A-1YB
27. (4)
⇒ X = A-1YB
x − 2 2x − 3 3x − 4
x − 4 2x − 9 3x − 16 = 0 32. (1)
x − 8 2x − 27 3x − 64 The rank of a matrix is r, if all the minors of
R 2 → R 2 − R1 order greater than or equal to (r+1) is zero.
R 3 → R 3 − R1 Given matrix is of order 5×4 its rank is 3.
x − 2 2x − 3 3x − 4 ∴The value of the minors of order 4 is zero.
⇒ −2 −6 −12 = 0 33. (3)
−6 −24 −60 Result:
x − 2 2x − 3 3x − 4
⇒ 1 =0 Product of the Eigen value of a matrix A =
3 6
1 4 10 determinant of A
⇒ 𝑥 − 2 30 − 24 − 2𝑥 − 3 10 − 6 + 1 0 2
Given A = 3 −1 0
3𝑥 − 4 4 − 3 = 0
0 1 2
⇒ 𝑥 − 2 6 − 2𝑥 − 3 4 + ∴Product of Eigen value
3𝑥 − 4 . 1 = 0 = |A| = 1 (-2 – 0)
⇒ x – 4 =0 = -0 + 2 (3 – 0)
⇒x=4 = -2 + 6 = 4
10
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 Determinants and Matrices

34. (2) 1 1 1
If λ1 , λ2 , … , λn are the Eigen values of a = 1 2 2
1 1 1 1 2 3
matrix Aof order n thenλ , λ , … . λ ,are the = (6 - 4) - (3 - 2) + (2-2)
1 2 n
Eigen valuesof A-1 = 2-1+0 = 1
If 1, -1, 5 are Eigen values of matrix A, 39. (1)
1 1 1 1
then1 , −1 , 5(i.e.) 1, -1, are Eigen values of 1 1 1
5
-1 ∆= x y z
A
x2 y2 z2
∴Eigen values of A-1+2I are
1 11 C1 → C1 − C3 ; C2 → C2 − C3
1+2, -1+2, +2 = 3, 1,
5 5 0 0 1
35. (4) ∴ ∆= x − z y−z z
A and B are two square matrices of the same x − z y − z z2
2 2 2 2

order ‘n’ then Taking you (x-z) common from C1 and (y-
(A+BMA-B) = A2-AB+BA-B2 z)common from c2
36. (4) 0 0 1
Given equations are ∆ = (x-z)(y-z) 1 1 z
x+y=1 (x + z) (y + z) z 2
2x + 2y = 2 =(x – z) (y – z) ((y + z) – (x + z))
1 1 = (x – z) (y – z) (y – x)
∴∆ = =0
2 2 = (x – y) (y – z) (z – x)
∴ The system has infinite number of 40. (3)
solutions. adj A
37. (4) A−1 =
|A|
Rank is 2 adj A
∴A = AA−1 = 1
⇒ Any submatrix of 3×3 = C 2 1 1' |A|
2 1 1 41. (4)
∴ 1 3 4 =0 (A + B) (A – B) = A2 – AB + BA – B2
6 8 x 42. (1)
⇒ 2(3x-32)-(x-24) + (8-18) x+1 w w2
⇒6x – 64 – x+24 -10 = 0 w x+w 2
1
⇒ 5x-50 = 0 2
w 1 x+w
∴x = 10 C1 → C1 + C2 + C3
38. (1) x + 1 + w + w2 w w2
Sum of Eigen values = x + 1 + w + w2 w2 1
= Trace of A x + 1 + w + w2 1 w
2
0 w w
= Sum of the main diagonal elemenis = 0 w2 1 ∵ 1 + w + w2 = 0
=1+2+3 = 6 0 1 w
Product of Eigen values =0
= determinant of A ∴ x = 0 is a root
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 Determinants and Matrices

43. (4) A (adj A) = | A| I3

x+y = 1 1 1 1
2x+2y =2 =0 A = 1 2 −3
⇒x+y = 1 2 −1 3
|A| = 1 (6 – 3) – 1 (3 + 6)+ 1 (-1 – 4)
Both represent same equation
=3–9–5
Now x+y= 1 ⇒ y=1-x for different values of
= -11
x, we get values of y
∴ A (adj A) = |A| I3
∴The equations have infinite number of
1 0 0
solutions. = (- 11) 0 1 0
44. (2) 0 0 1
1 cos θ 1 −11 0 0
∆ = − cos θ 1 cos θ = 0 −11 0
−1 − cos θ 1 0 0 −11
= 1 (1 + cos2θ) – cos θ (- cos θ+ cos θ)+1 48. (4)
(cos2θ+1) Formula:
= 2 (1 + cos2θ Product of the Eigen value of a matrix A
Now, = determinant of the matrix A
0 ≤ cos2θ≤1 7 4 9
⇒ 2 (1+0) ≤ 2 (1 + cos2θ) ≤ 2 (1 + 1) A = 2 −6 5
⇒ 2 ≤∆≤ 4 4 3 −2
= 7(12 − 15) − 4(−4 − 20) + 9(6 + 24)
45. (2)
= −21 + 96 + 270 = 345
Result:
49. (1)
If det A = ∆ then
a−b−c 2a 2a
det (adj A) = ∆2 ∆= 2b b−c−a 2b
Given det A = 5 2c 2c c−a−b
∴det (adj A) = 25
46. (2) 1 1 1
Since the rank of the matrix is2, atleast one = (a + b + c) 2b b − c − a 2b
minor of the given matrix of order 2 is not 2c 2c c−a−b
C2 → C2 − C1
zero and every minor of the matrix of order
C3 → C3 − C1
greater than 2 is zero, i.e., any minor of
= (a + b
order 3 is zero.
1 0 0
2 1 −2
+ c) 2b −b − c − a 0
∴ −4 −2 k = 0
2a 0 −c − a − b
1 −3 2
= (a + b + c) [(-b – c – a) (-c – a – b)]
2(−4 + 3k) − (−8 − k) − 2(12 + 2) = 0
= (a + b + c)3
⇒ −8 + 6𝑘 + 8 + 𝑘 − 24 − 4 = 0
50. (3)
⇒ 7k = 28 ⇒k = 4
Formula:
47. (3) log b log b
Formula: log2b =log e a =
e log a
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 Determinants and Matrices

Given product is equal to = (abc – 1) (b –a) (c- a) (c + a – b – a) = 0

log 512 log 3 log 3 log 3 = (abc – 1) (a –b) (b – c) (c – a) =0
log 3 log 4 log 2 log 8 = (abc-1) a b-a c-a *0
log 8 log 9 log 4 log 4 a, b, c have all different values ⇒ (a-b)(b-
log 3 log 4 log 3 log 3 c)(c-a)≠0
log 512 log 9 log 3 log 8 = abc-1 = 0
= × log 4 − log 4 log 3 ×
log 3
⇒ abc = 1
log 3 log 4 log 3 log 4
× log 3 − log 8 log 3 52. (3)
log 2
9 log 2 2 log 3 log 3 3 log 2 Formula:
= × − × ×
log 3 2 log 2 2 log 2 log 3 If A is any - n rowed square matrix then
log 3 2 log 2 log 3 2 log 2
× − 3 log 2 × A.(adj A) = (adj A) A
log 2 log 3 log 3
3 2 = | A | In
= 9−2 2−3 2 0 0
15 4 |A| = −1 3 0
= × 3= 10
2
6 0 4
51. (2) = 2×3×4 = 24
If a, b, c have all different values and ∴A(adj A) = | A | In
a a2 a3 − 1 1 0 0
b b2 b3 − 1 = 0 = 24 0 1 0
c c2 c3 − 1 0 0 1
a a2 a3 a a2 −1 24 0 0
= b b2 b3 + b b2 −1 = 0 = 0 24 0
c c2 c3 c c 2 −1 0 0 24
1 a a2 1 a a2 53. (4)
= abc 1 b b − 1 b b2 = 0
2
Formula:
1 c c2 1 c c2 Product of Eigen values = determinant of the
1 a a2
= abc − 1 1 b b2 = 0 matrix
8 −6 2
1 c c2
1 1 1 A = −6 7 −4
= abc − 1 a b c = 0 2 −4 3
a2 b 2 c 2 |A | = 8(21 - 16)+6(-18+8) + (24 - 14)
1 1 1 = 40-60+20 = 0
= abc − 1 a b−a c−a =0 ∴Product of Eigen values
a2 b 2 − a2 c 2 − a2 = |A| = 0
C2 → C2 − C1 54. (1)
C3 → C3 − C1 A matrix A is said to be of rank r when
I) otleasl one minor of A of order r is not
= abc − 1 b−a c
zero
1 0 0 II) every minor of A of order (r+1) is zero
−a a 1 1
a2 b+a c+a
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 Determinants and Matrices

0 2 3 4 1 0 1 0
A3 = A2 A =
|A| = 1 0 0 6 2 1 1 1
0 1 0 0 1 0
=
0 0 1 0 3 1
0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0
A4 = A3 A =
= 2 0 1 0 3 1 1 1
3 0 0 1 1 0
=
4 6 0 0 4 1
2 1 0 1 0
An =
=0–1 3 0 1 +0–0 n 1
4 0 0 ∴ Sum of elements in An = (n + 2)
= -1 × (-1× (-4) + 0)
= -4 since |A|≠ 0 58. (1) Characteristic equation is given by
Rank of the matrix A = 4 k−λ 1 2
55. (4) A − λI = 1 2 − λ 0.5 = 0...
If a matrix A is orthogonal then 1 2 3−λ
|A| = ±1 (1)
cos θ 0 sin θ Given 1 is an Eigen value
Let A = 0 1 0 ⇒λ=l satisfies (1)
− sin θ 0 cos θ k−1 1 2
|A| =cos θ (cos θ − 0) − 0 + sinθ (sinθ) = ∴ 1 2 − 1 0.5 = 0
cos2θ+sin2θ = 1 1 2 3−1
k−1 1 2
56. (4)
⇒ 1 1 0.5 = 0
Cayley-Hamilton Theorem: 1 2 2
Every square matrix satisfies its own ⇒ k – 1 (2 – 1)- 1 (2 – 0.5) + 2(2 – 1) =0
characteristic equation. ⇒ k – 1 – 1.5 + 2 = 0
Characteristic equation is given by ⇒ k = 0.5
| A-λI| = 0 59. (2)
1 − λ −1 Let the Eigen vectors be
=0
1 1−λ
XT = (x1, x2, x3)then
1−λ 2+1=0
(A-λI)X-1 =0
⇒λ2 − 2λ + 1 + 1 = 0 x1
2−λ 3 −1
⇒λ2 − 2λ + 2 = 0 ⇒ 3 2−λ 1 x2 = 0
By Cayley Hemilton theorem 2 2 3 − λ x3
A2 – 2A + 2I = 0 (2-λ)x1+3x2- x3=0 ... (1)
57. (3) 3x1 + (2-λ)x2+ x3=0 ... (2)
1 0 2x1 +2x2-(3-λ)x3=0 ...(3)
A=
1 1 Given Eigen vector (1, 2, 3)T
1 0 1 0
A2 = Substituting
1 1 1 1
1 0 x1 = l, x2=2, x3=3 in (1)
=
2 1 (2-λ)+6-3 =0

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 Determinants and Matrices

⇒λ= 5
60. (2)
det (A) = 2
det (Adj A) = [det A]2 = 4

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