EN ISO 14119: Safety of machinery

Interlocking devices associated with guards

–
Principles for design and selection

Simone Lodi Rizzini

Export Area Manager
Pizzato
 ISO 14119 published on 01/10/2013

EN ISO 14119 effective from May 2015

The standard EN ISO 14119 replaces the EN 1088:2008.

Documents normatively referenced in the EN ISO 14119:

• IEC 60947-5-1 Electromechanical control circuit devices

• EN ISO 13849-1/2 Functional safety
• EN 62061 Functional safety
• EN ISO 13855 Positioning of safeguards with respect to the approach
speeds of parts of the human body
• EN ISO 12100 Risk assessment and risk reduction
• EN IEC 60204-1 Electrical equipment of machines
SCOPE
• Specifies principles for the design and selection of interlocking devices associated with guards
• Provides measures to minimize defeat of interlocking devices in a reasonably foreseeable
manner

When does ISO EN14119 apply?

To all new machines produced starting from May 2015

To all machines modified in the way that it is mandatory to

renewal and update the CE marking
 Requirements for the design and the installation
Arrangement and fastening of position switches Arrangement and fastening of actuators

The position switch shall not be used as a mechanical stop. The position switch shall not be used as a mechanical stop.
Fasteners of the position switches shall be reliable Fasteners of the position switches shall be reliable
and loosening them shall require a tool. and loosening them shall require a tool.

Misalignment of the guard that creates a gap

before the position switch changes its state shall The position switch and the actuator shall be located and, if
not be sufficient as to impair the protective effect necessay, protected so that damage from foreseeable
of the guard. external causes is avoided.

Cams are fixed by fasteners requiring a tool for loosening them.

Cams
Cams do not damage the position switch or impair its durability.
Environmental conditions considerations
Enviromental conditions shall be considered for the selection of the appropriate interlocking device.
Criteria are for example:
• Temperature
• Dust
• Moisture
• Vibration and shocks
• Hygiene
• Electromagnetic influences
• Presence of areas classified according to the Atex Directive

Type 2 interlocking can be unsuitable in applications where the ingress of particles,

chips or dusts cannot be prevent unless suitable measures are applied.

The actuator is inserted into the position switch where opening allows the ingress of dust.
IP xx
The indicated degree of protection IPXX according IEC 60529 relates exclusively to the electrical
enclosure. The pollution of the mechanical parts can result in the degradation of the mechanism
and in a dangerous failure of the interlocking device.
GUARD LOCKING: holding force

Holding force: force that a guard locking device can withstand without being damaged so that its further use will
not be impaired and the guard will not leave the closed position

The manufacturer shall specify a holding force which shall be less or equal than the holding force FZh.

Based on the maximum force F1max measured during the test

taking into consideration the safety factor S
the holding force FZh =
Type 1 interlocking device – Example

HINGE:
One position switch mounted internally in a hinge.
Mechanical actuation without separate acuator.

Typical characteristics:
- Direct mechanical action of buit-in position switch
- Impossible to defeat without dismounting
- Works as hinge for a movable part of the guard
- Adjustment of switching point has to be accurate and therefore may be unsuitable for wide movable guards
- Only usuable for hinged movable guards

Remarks:
As the absence of the movable guard is not detected, it is essentially that the movable guard cannot be
dismounted without tools.
Type 2 interlocking device – Example
Position switch

TONGUE-ACTUATED POSITION SWITCH

Mechanical actuation with separate actuator

Typical characteristics: Actuator (shaped tongue)

- Easy principle for integrated guard locking devices.
- Especially suitable for use on the opening edge of a movable guard.
- Direct mechanical action on the actuator of the position switch.
- Possibility for direct opening action of the NC contact of the position switch due to direct mechanical action.
- Due to low level coding additional measure against defeating can be required.
- Can be damaged due to misalignment during the machine life cycle.
- Can be degraded by pollution.
- Impact from actuator can cause harm to persons.

Remarks:
Follow the «additional measure table» for measures to minimize defeating.
Type 4 interlocking device – Example
CODED MAGNETIC OPERATED INTERLOCKING DEVICE:
Movable guard closed Movable guard open

Typical characteristics:
- Compact, no external moving part
- High resistance to dust, liquids
- Easily kept clean
- Coded
- Tolerance to guard misalignment
- Sensitive to electromagnetic interference
- If reed contacts are used, they are susceptible to vibrantions and shocks. When using reed contacts together
with monitoring logic units the user should verify that possible current spikes caused by the monitoring logic
unit are not exceeding the admissible limits of the switches.
- Medium or high level coding not available
Remarks:
Follow the «additional measure table» for measures to minimize defeating.
Type 4 interlocking device – Example
CODED RFID OPERATED INTERLOCKING DEVICE:

1: Opening direction
2: Type 4 interlocking device
3: Coded RFID tag actuator
4: Movable guard

Typical characteristics:
- Compact, no external moving part
- High resistance to dust, liquids
- Easily kept clean
- Medium and high level coding possible
- Tolerance to guard misalignment
- Possible sensitivity to electromagnetic interference

Remarks:
Follow the «additional measure table» for measures to minimize defeating
RFID vs Magnetic Technology
RFID sensors
+ High protection against by-pass
+ Serial wiring up to 32: cat 4, Ple
+ LEDs to check output status
+ EM-fields, strong
+ Short circuit protected
+ Outputs: 2xPNP (OSSD outputs)
+ IP 69K
- Higher price than magnetic sensors
MAGNETIC sensors
+ Output: 2NC , 1NO/1NC or 2NC/1NO
+ Stainless steel fixing plates
+ IP 69K
- Low protection against by-pass
- Serial connection max cat. 3 – Pld
- Shocks, vibrations, magnetic fields, iron
- Must be protected against welding, short circuit
Coded actuator
Actuator: separate part of an interlocking device which transmits the state of the guard (closed or not closed) to
the actuating system

Coded Actuator: actuator which is specially designed to actuate a certain position switch

Levels of coding:
Only one variation
LOW : 1 to 9 variations in code are available in code available

MEDIUM: 10 to 1000 variations in code are available

ST – NG – NS Series
HIGH: more than 1000 variations are available More than 16.000.000
variations in code available
If foreseeable motivation for defeat continues to exist, additional measures are required:
Type 1 Type 1 Types 2 and 4, low or Types 2 and 4, high Trapped key system,
interlocking interlocking medium level coded level coded medium or high level
devices devices, hinged coded
Principle and measures only

Mounting out of reach

Physical obstruction/ Shielding

Mounting in hidden position

X
X
Status monitoring or cyclic testing

Non-detachable fixing of position

switch and actuator
Non-detachable fixing of position
switch M M
Non-detachable fixing of actuator M M M M
Additional interlocking device and
cheaking for plausibility R R
X: mandatory to apply at least one of the measures M: mandatory measures R: recommanded measures
Defeat of interlocking device
The interlocking devices shall be selected and/or installed such that
defeating in a reasonably foreseeable manner is prevented.

a) Prevention of accessibility to the elements of the interlocking device

Low, medium or high level coding of actuators.

Mounting out of reach Mounting in hidden position Physical obstraction or shielding

b) Prevention of substitute actuation of the interlocking device by readily available objects

Low, medium or high level coding of actuators
Defeat of interlocking device
c) Prevention of dismantling or de-positioning of the elements of the interlocking device by use of non-
detachable fixing

Riveting One-way screws Welding Gluing

d) Preventation of defeat
Integration of defeat monitoring in the control system by means of:
• Status monitoring (e.g. an unusual succession of states resulting in a defeat)

• Cycling testing (e.g. The operator is requested by the control to actuate the safeguard. The absence of the
expected control signal indicates a defeat)

• Checking for plausibility using an additional interlocking device where defeat is only possible by an additional
action.