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By:-
SHASHANK SHEKHER SINGH- 83
VIKAS SINGH-104
KUMAR RAVI-111
ANKIT SEMWAL -125
WAZIBUR REHMAN-106
NIKUNJ SHARMA-143
SAFETY STOCKS DEFINED
Safety stock is a term that is used to describe the
amount of inventory or stock that is kept on hand in
order to reduce the chance of a temporary shortfall
of materials from taking place.
Also known as buffer stock.
R nL
where R reorder point in units
With safety stock: n daily demand in units
L lead time in days
R nL SS
where SS safety stock in units
SAFETY STOCK EXAMPLE
Daily demand = 20 units
Lead time = 10 days
S.D. of lead time demand = 50 units
Service level = 90%
Determine:
1. Safety stock
2. Reorder point
SAFETY STOCK SOLUTION
Step 1 – determine z
R nL SS 20 10 64 264 units
CALCULATION OF SERVICE LEVEL
can also be calculated by equating Carrying cost
per unit per annum with shortage cost per unit per
annum.
i.e. Cc = Cs
= Csus * Prob. Of shortage * Number of
times shortage situations can occur
in a year
= Csus * (1 – Fx) * R/Q
(1 – Fx) = Cc * (Q R) * 1 / Csus
Fx = 1 - Cc * (Q R) * 1 / Csus
CONTD.
Another formula for service level is
Fx=Ku/(Ku+Ko)
being
Ku= Under stocking cost
Ko=Overstocking cost
NUMERICAL
Ajay bakery makes ginger bread; one of its fastest
selling products. From past history Ajay estimates the
demand pattern to be:
Demand(no. of buns) Probability of Demand
400 0.05
500 0.10
600 0.20
700 0.30
800 0.20
900 0.10
1000 0.05
The selling price of each bread is 80 paise. The buns
that are not sold on the day they are made, are sold the
next day at the reduced price of 40 paise each. If the
cost of each bun is 55 paise, what is optimum number
of buns Ajay should make?
Here Ku the understocking cost, is the profit
forgone, which is the difference between sales price
per unit and unit cost: (80p – 55p)= 25p
Fx=Ku/(Ku+Ko)= 0.25/0.25+0.15=0.625
Demand(no. of buns) Probability of Demand Cumm.
frequency
400 0.05 0.05
500 0.10 0.15
600 0.20 0.35
700 0.30 0.65
800 0.20 0.85
900 0.10 0.95
1000 0.05 1.00
Days Supply
DAYS SUPPLY
The days supply method allows a buyer to manually specify a
number of days supply of a product to hold in reserve as
safety stock. Because a buyer usually does not have the time
to review the safety stock parameters for every item each
month, he or she will probably set the days supply to provide
more than enough safety stock. After all, in the eyes of most
buyers, excess inventory is usually preferable to stock outs.
As a result, the days supply method often results in the
accumulation of non-producing inventory.
SAFETY STOCK CALCULATION FOR CONSTANT
LEAD TIME AND NORMALLY DISTRIBUTED DDLT
Safety stock is = Z x σL
Continuous System: Deterministic Model
Reorder Point
(165
. * 40) 180 66 180 246 Ceiling Lamps
A TV dealer finds the cost of holding a TV in stock for a
week as Rs 30 and cost of unit shortage as Rs 70. For a
particular model of TV, the weekly sales distribution is given in
the table below. How many units should the dealer order per
week?
Sales 0 1 2 3 4 5 6