JJ 2014 H2 Physics (9646) Current of Electricity

JURONG JUNIOR COLLEGE

Physics Department
Tutorial: Current of Electricity

1 A high electric potential difference is applied between two electrodes of a hydrogen

discharge tube so that the gas is ionized. Electrons then move towards the positive
electrode and protons towards the negative electrode. In each second, 5.0 x 1018
electrons and 2 x 1018 protons pass a cross section of the tube.

What is the current, in amperes, flowing in the discharge tube?

A 0.16
B 0.48
C 0.80
D 1.1

2 In the circuit below, all the resistors have the same value. A high resistance voltmeter is
connected between two points in the circuit.

Between which two points of connection would the meter read zero?

A Q and U
B P and T
C Q and W
D S and U

3 The given diagram shows the variation of

the direct current I in a certain conductor
with the potential difference V across it.
The current is negligible when V < 1.8 V.

Which of the following correctly describes

the resistance of the conductor?

A It does not obey Ohm’s law but when

V > 1.8 V, its resistance is 4 Ω .
B It does not obey Ohm’s law but when
V = 3 V, its resistance is 10 Ω .
C It obeys Ohm’s law when V = 3 V, its
resistance is 10 Ω .
D It obeys Ohm’s law when V > 1.8 V but its
resistance is non-constant.

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4 Three elements in a circuit are a metal

wire at constant temperature, a semi-
conductor diode and a filament lamp. The
given graphs show how the current I
varies with the potential difference V for
the three elements.

Which of the following correctly

associates the graphs to the elements?

Metal wire at Semi- Filament

constant
temperature
A X
B Y
C Y
D Z
conductor lamp
diode
Z Y
X Z
Z X
X Y

5 H1/N10/I/19
The graph shows the I-V characteristics of
three electrical components, a diode, a
filament lamp and a resistor, plotted on the
same axes.

Which statement is correct?

A The resistance of the diode equals that of

the filament lamp at about 1.2 V.
B The resistance of the diode is constant
above 0.8 V.
C The resistance of the filament lamp is twice
that of the resistor at 1.0 V.
D The resistance of the resistor equals that of
the filament lamp when V = 0.8 V.

6 The current I flowing through a component varies with the potential difference V across
it as shown.

Which graph best represents how the resistance R varies with V?

A B C D

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7 A certain circuit element has a resistance that is directly proportional to the current
flowing through it. The power dissipated in the element is 6.0 W when the current is 1.0
A.

Which of the following is the power dissipated when the current is raised to 2.0 A?

A 6.0 W
B 12 W
C 24 W
D 48 W

8 The diagram shows two circuits. In these circuits, only the internal resistances differ.

Which of the following correctly compares the potential difference across and the power
dissipated in the 3.0 Ω resistor?

Potential difference across 3.0 Ω resistor Power dissipated in 3.0 Ω resistor

A Greater in X than in Y Less in X than in Y
B Greater in X than in Y Greater in X than in Y
C Less in X than in Y Less in X than in Y
D Less in X than in Y Greater in X than in Y

9 N10/I/27
A battery of internal resistance r and e.m.f. E can supply a current of 6.0 A to a resistor
of resistance 1.2 Ω. The circuit is shown in the diagram.

When the resistor is changed to one having a value of 1.6 Ω, the current becomes 5.0A.
What are the values of the e.m.f E and internal resistance r?

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E/V R/Ω
A 7.6 0.073
B 12 2.0
C 12 0.80
D 15 8.0

10 N11/I/25
A battery of electromotive force (e.m.f.) E and internal resistance r is connected in
series with a resistor of resistance R as shown.

The battery transfers energy W at a constant rate in driving charge Q round the circuit
in time t.

What is the e.m.f. E of the cell and the potential difference (p.d.) V across the external
resistor?

Structured Questions

11 Figure 11.1 shows a circuit containing the components for which the characteristics are
shown in Fig. 11.2 and 11.3. The diodes are identical.

Fig. 11.1

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Fig. 11.2

Fig. 11.3

(a) (i) Briefly explain how Fig. 11.3 shows that the diode is a non-ohmic device.

(ii) Determine

1. the potential difference across a diode when conducting,

2. the current through resistor A,

3. the current through resistor B.

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(b) The voltage-current characteristics of two different low-voltage light bulbs, P and
Q, are shown in Fig. 11.4. P and Q are connected in series across a 12 V supply
as shown in Fig. 11.5.

Fig. 11.4

Fig. 11.5

Using Fig. 11.4 and 11.5, determine

(i) the current in the circuit,

(ii) the combined resistance of P and Q under these operating conditions.

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12 Fig. 12 shows an electrical circuit in which the internal resistance of the battery is
negligible.

Fig. 12

Complete the table below by giving the electrical quantities for each of the components
in the circuit. You are advised to start by completing the column for component A.

Circuit
A B C Whole circuit
component
Potential
12
difference / V
Current / A 5.0

Power / W

Resistance / Ω 4.0 5.0

13 (a) N11/III/8 (part)

Distinguish between electrical resistance and resistivity.

(b) An electric cable is made up of 24 thin strands of copper wire, as shown in Fig.15.

Fig. 13

Each strand has diameter 0.26 mm. Copper has resistivity 1.7 x 10-8 Ω m.

Calculate
(i) the resistance of one strand of wire of length 1.0 m,

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(ii) the resistance of the cable of length 5.0 m.

14 (a) Define, in the context of an electrical circuit, the coulomb.

(b) Determine the units for potential difference in terms of SI base units.

(c) A car headlamp is marked 12 V, 72 W.

(i) Calculate the working resistance of the car headlamp.

(ii) The car headlamp is connected to a battery of e.m.f. of 12 V with an internal

resistance of 0.20 Ω as shown below.

The car headlamp is switched on for a 20 minute journey. Using your answer
in (c)(i), calculate the

1. current in the lamp;

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2. charge which passes through the lamp during the journey;

3. power of the lamp.

(iii) Explain why there is a difference between the rated power (72 W) and the
actual power calculated in (c) (ii) 3.

15 (a) N09/III/7 (part)

Electromotive force (e.m.f.) and potential difference (p.d.) may both have the volt
as a unit.
(i) Define the volt.

(ii) By reference to energy transfers, distinguish between e.m.f. and p.d.

(b) A cell of e.m.f. 1.5 V and internal resistance 0.25 Ω is connected in series with a
resistor R, as shown in Fig. 15.

Fig. 15

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The resistor R is made of metal wire.

A current of 0.24 A passes through R for a time of 5.0 minutes.

Calculate
(i) the charge that passes through the cell,

(ii) the total energy transferred by the cell,

(iii) the energy transferred in the resistor R,

(iv) the resistance of R.

(c) A second similar cell is now connected in series with the cell In (b) and the resistor
R. The current in the circuit is 0.41 A and the resistance of R changes.

(i) Calculate the new resistance of R.

(ii) Resistor R is made of metal wire. Suggest why the answers in (b)(iv) and
(c)(i) are different.

(OPTIONAL)
1 A student wants to determine accurately the resistance R of a piece of high resistive
wire of length 1.00 m. It is known that the resistance is approximately 5 k Ω . He sets up
the circuit as shown in Fig. 16 and records the voltmeter and ammeter readings.

E.m.f. of cell, E = 10.0 V

Voltmeter reading = 9.98 V
Ammeter reading = 4.00 mA.

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Fig. 16

(a) Suggest two practical reasons why the voltmeter reading is less than the e.m.f. of
the cell.

(b) The student divides the voltmeter reading by the ammeter reading to obtain the
resistance of the wire. Calculate the resistance using this method.
Suggest, with a reason, whether his method is appropriate.

(c) Estimate the resistance of the voltmeter. State your reasoning.

(d) Using the existing apparatus only, explain how this circuit can be modified to give
a more accurate value of the resistance of the wire. Draw a diagram of your
modified circuit.

2 A wire with a resistance of 6.0 Ω is stretched so that its new length is three times its
original length. Assuming that the resistivity and density of the material are not changed
during the stretching process, calculate the resistance of the longer wire.

3 A thin layer of copper is deposited uniformly on the surface of an iron wire of radius
0.60 mm and length 3.0 m shown in Fig. 18.
iron wire

thin layer of copper

Fig. 18 (Not to scale)

Determine the effective resistance between the ends of the copper-plated wire, given
that the thickness of the copper is 1.78 x 10-5 m.

[Resistivity of iron = 8.90 x 10-8 Ω m; resistivity of copper = 1.60 x 10-8 Ω m]

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