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Special Relativity
General Relativity
Curriculum
Tevian Dray
Department of Mathematics
Oregon State University
http://www.math.oregonstate.edu/~tevian
Books
Trigonometry
t t’
ρ
A ρ sinh β
β β
•
B
x’ ρ cosh β
β
x
Length Contraction
t t’ t t’
x’ x’
x x
ℓ
ℓ′ = cosh β
ℓ′ ℓ •
β • β
ℓ ℓ′
Tevian Dray The Geometry of Relativity
Introduction
Special Relativity Hyperbolic Trigonometry
General Relativity Applications
Curriculum
Paradoxes
A 20 foot pole is moving towards a 10 foot barn fast enough that
the pole appears to be only 10 feet long. As soon as both ends of
the pole are in the barn, slam the doors. How can a 20 foot pole
fit into a 10 foot barn?
20 20
10 10
-10 -10
-20 -20
Relativistic Mechanics
A pion of (rest) mass m and (relativistic) momentum p = 43 mc
decays into 2 (massless) photons. One photon travels in the same
direction as the original pion, and the other travels in the opposite
direction. Find the energy of each photon. [E1 = mc 2 , E2 = 41 mc 2 ]
Β
p0 c sinh Β
p 0c
p0 c Β
E0 c cosh Β
sin
hΒ
p0 c Β
pc p2 c E0 p2 c
E2 Β
0
E2
E0
0 E0
cc
osh
mc2
Β
Β
E0 c cosh Β
Β
E mc2 0
E0
E0
E0
cc
p0 c
0
osh
Β
Β
E1
p 0c
p0 c sinh Β
E1
sin
hΒ
Β p0 c p1 c
Β
p1 c
Tevian Dray The Geometry of Relativity
Introduction The Metric
Special Relativity Differential Forms
General Relativity Geodesics
Curriculum Einstein’s Equation
Line Elements
Vector Calculus
ds 2 = d~r · d~r
dy |^
d~r d~r
dr r^
r d ^
dx ^{
d~r = dx ı̂ + dy ̂ = dr r̂ + r dφ φ̂
Exterior derivative: (d 2 = 0)
~ · d~r
df = ∇f
~ × ~F · d A
dF = ∇ ~
~ · ~F dV
d∗F = ∇
d∗f = 0
dx + dy r dr = x dx + y dy
dx
Geodesic Equation
Geodesics: ~v dλ = d~r
~v˙ = 0
Symmetry: ~ · d~r = 0
dX
~ · ~v = const
=⇒ X
Einstein’s Equation
Curvature:
Ωi j = dω i j + ω i k ∧ ω k j
Einstein tensor: 1
γ i = − Ωjk ∧ ∗(σ i ∧ σ j ∧ σ k )
2
G = ∗γ i = G i j σ j
i
~ = G i êi = G i j σ j êi
G
~ =0
=⇒d∗G
Does it work?
I am a mathematician...
There is no GR course in physics department.
(I developed the SR course.)
Core audience is undergraduate math and physics majors.
(Many double majors.)
Hartle’s book:
Perfect for physics students, but tough for math majors.
My course: 10 weeks differential forms, then 10 weeks GR.
(Some physics students take only GR, after “crash course”.)
SUMMARY
http://relativity.geometryof.org/GSR
http://relativity.geometryof.org/GDF
http://relativity.geometryof.org/GGR
THE END