सनल एवं दरू संचार 
शण के

साबरमती (प.रे .)

वषय कोड : ST - 55
MODERN COMMUNICATION

VISHAL MALVIYA
Instructor
Telecom
 INDEX
! ववरण प#ृ ठ
!.
01 Network ; Concept , Types , Levels , Server 3-5

02 IP Addresses 6

03 Network Topologies , Protocols 7-9

04 Requirements of Network ;NIC, Cables, RJ Connecters, Data Eqpts 10 - 12

05 Modems ; G.703 & V.35 13 - 14

06 STAT MUX 15

07 Router 16 - 17

08 HUB / Switch , Terminal Server , LAN Extender 18 - 20

09 Networks used in Indian Railway 21

10 UTN , FOIS , Railnet 22 - 24

11 Block Diagram For Various Configurations used in IR Networks 25 - 28

 DATA COMMUNICATION
NETWORK : Interconnection of various
computers / nodes to exchange information.

REQUIRED
INFORMATION PROTOCOL

TX MEDIA RX
 DATA COMMUNICATION
TYPES OF NETWORKS
LAN
Local Area Network

Within a building
/ small area
MAN
Metropolitan Area
Network
Within a city
WAN
Wide Area Network
Between Various
LANs
 DATA COMMUNICATION
LEVELS for NETWORKS
INTERNET : Connecting for International Network.
INTRANET : Connecting for limited area of peoples.

SERVER
Required for correct delivery of data with
help of identity of each node in a particular network
 DATA COMMUNICATION
IP ADDRESS Internet Protocol Address
NETWORK ADDRESS HOST ADDRESS

consists of 32 bits.

Divided into 4 Octets of 8 bits each.

Each octet is separated by a period symbol
11001100.10101010.00001111.11001100

To remember expressed in dotted decimal numbers
10.3.2.55
CLASSIFICATION OF IP ADDRESSES
CLASS - A N.H.H.H 0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255
CLASS - B N.N.H.H 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255
CLASS - C N.N.N.H 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255
CLASS - D Multicast 224.0.0.0 to 238.255.255.255
CLASS - E Experiment 239.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255
 DATA COMMUNICATION
NETWORK TOPOLOGIES
1. BUS

2. STAR
 DATA COMMUNICATION
NETWORK TOPOLOGIES
3. RING 4. TREE
 DATA COMMUNICATION
NETWORK TOPOLOGIES
5. MESH

NETWORK PROTOCOLS
A "language" of rules and conventions for communication
between devices.
TCP / IP Transmission Control Protocol
HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
SUBNET
A portion of a network that shares a common address component
 DATA COMMUNICATION
REQUIREMENTS OF NETWORK
1. ETHERNET / NIC / LAN CARD
2. ETHERNET CABLE
3. REISTERED JACK
4. DATA EQUIPMENTS
ETHERNET / NIC / LAN CARD

Consists Ethernet ports for network connectivity

According Speed may be of 10/100/1000Mbps
 DATA COMMUNICATION
ETHERNET CABLE
UTP / RG 8 Cable STP Cable
Co-Axial / RG 58 Cable
For 10 base T / For lot of E/M
For 10 Base 2 Network
100 base T network Interference Area

COLOUR CODES STRAIGHT CROSS

CAT 1 : For Kbps 1 ------- ORANGE / WHITE 1 ------------- 1 1 ------------- 3
2 ------- ORANGE 2 ------------- 2 2 ------------- 6
CAT 2 : For Kbps
3 ------- GREEN / WHITE 3 ------------- 3 3 ------------- 1
CAT 3 : 10 Mbps 4 ------------- 4 4 ------------- 4
4 ------- BLUE
CAT 4 : 10 Mbps 5 ------- BLUE / WHITE 5 ------------- 5 5 ------------- 5
CAT 5 : 100 Mbps 6 ------- GREEN 6 ------------- 6 6 ------------- 2
CAT 6 : 100 Mbps 7 ------- BROWN / WHITE 7 ------------- 7 7 ------------- 7
8 ------- BROWN 8 ------------- 8 8 ------------- 8
 DATA COMMUNICATION
REGISTERED JACK CONNECTER (RJ)

Having 2 pins as RJ – 11 Connecter

Having 8 pins as RJ – 45 Connecter
Required Cramping Tool to connect
With CAT Cable.

DATA EQUIPMENTS
MODEM : Convert Analog signals into Digital

STAT MUX : Connect , Extend & Distribute any one n/w at a time

ROUTER : Connect , Extend & Distribute more than 1 n/w’s

HUB / SWITCH : Distribution of any network to terminals

TERMINAL SERVER : Distribution of any network to terminals

LAN EXTENDER : Extension of any network at Far end

 DATA COMMUNICATION
DATA EQUIPMENTS : MODEM G.703

4 Wire 2 / 4 Wire
From G.703 To
Primary Mux MODEM V.35 Modem
RJ45/L.S. RJ45/RJ11

Required 230 v AC Supply from UPS / -48v DC.

Always installed in pair with V.35.
 DATA COMMUNICATION
DATA EQUIPMENTS : MODEM V.35

RS232C
From 2 / 4 Wire To
V.35 Cable
G.703 STAT MUX
Modem RJ45/RJ11 MODEM RS232C Or Router
Connecter

Required 230 v AC Supply from UPS / -48v DC.

Installed in pair with G.703 for 64Kbps &
Alone for 9.6 Kbps.
Can be configured as 4 wire or 2 wire.
 DATA COMMUNICATION
DATA EQUIPMENTS : STAT MUX
RS232C
From STAT 3 / 6 Wires To
Cable
V.35 MUX Dump Terminal,
Modem RS232C 8 / 16 / 32 9 / 25 pin Super Terminal
Connecter Ports Connecter Or Far End

•Terminal Ports :To Connect D/T or V.35 for extension.

•Supervisory Port : For Programming

Required 230 v AC Supply from UPS.

Installed in pair for extension at Far End.
Can be configured as Master & Slave
Supported only one network at a time.
 DATA COMMUNICATION
DATA EQUIPMENTS : ROUTER
RS232C
From Cable & At Ethernet To
ROUTER
V.35 Connecter Port Super Terminal,
4 / 8 / 16 / 32
Modem HUB/SWITCH
At Serial Ports RJ 45 Or Far End
Ports Connecter

Required 230 v AC Supply from UPS / -48v DC..

Each Slot consists 2 ports as SE 0/0,SE0/1,SE1/0,SE1/1
These slots are acts as input for any network.
Give Output / Extension from Ethernet port (GE/FE)
Supported more than one network at a time.
Each Router have an IP address.
 DATA COMMUNICATION
DATA EQUIPMENTS : ROUTER (Rear Panel)

All Serial ports are fixed/programmed ports

 DATA COMMUNICATION
DATA EQUIPMENTS : HUB / SWITCH

Ethernet To
From HUB/SWITCH CAT Cable Super Terminal,
Port
ROUTER 4 / 8 / 16 / 24 Thin Client
RJ 45 Ports RJ 45 Or
Connecter Connecter Terminal Server

HUB : All ports share equal part SWITCH : All ports share whole part
for distribution for distribution

Required 230 v AC Supply from UPS.

All Ports are universal & supported RJ 45.
 DATA COMMUNICATION
DATA EQUIPMENTS : TERMINAL SERVER
RJ 45/9pin/
From 10 base TX 25pin To
TERMINAL
HUB / Port Connecter Dump Terminal,
SERVER
SWITCH 16 Ports CPU
RJ 45
CAT Cable Or Far End
Connecter

Required 230 v AC Supply from UPS.

All Ports are Fixed/defined & supported RJ 45.
Input is taken at 10/100 baseTx port.
One Console port is used for programming purpose.
Each Terminal Server have an IP address.
 DATA COMMUNICATION
DATA EQUIPMENTS : LAN EXTENDER
From

To Terminal
STAT MUX / LAN To
2w/4wLINE 2w/4wLINE
Linker / EXTENDER LAN
Router / 1 / 4 Ports Extender
RJ 45/RJ11 At One End RJ 45/RJ11 At Far End
T.S. Connecter Connecter

Required 9v/12v/48v dc Supply.

All Ports are universal & supported RJ 4 or RJ 11.
Always used in pair.
At Far end Switch or Terminal Server may be used for
more no. of Terminals
 DATA COMMUNICATION
Network Systems In Railway

PRS : Passenger Reservation System

UTS : Unreserved Ticketing System

UTN : Unified Ticketing Network

FOIS : Freight Operation & Information System

TMS : Terminal Management System

RMS : Rack Management System

TMS : Track Management System

PMS : Parcel Management System

RAILNET : Railway Network

COIS : Crew Operation Information System
 DATA COMMUNICATION
Unified Ticketing Network

स%&ल सव'र 5 )थान+ पर ि)थत ह.

इस णाल0 म%, एक ह0 ट
म'नल से आर4त और अनार4त दोन+ 7टकट बक ु 9कया

जा सकता है
सभी सव'र+ के बीच और 9कसी सव'र से व
भन )थान+ पर कनेिCटवट0 के
लए
रे लवे और BSNL के व
भन मीDडया जैसे केबल/OFC/MW का उपयोग 9कया जाता है
Aयेक )थान पर कम से कम एक Protection Path दान 9कया जाता ह
इस णाल0 म%, CRIS / New Delhi Gवारा वक
सत सॉIटवेयर CONCERT का उपयोग
9कया जाता है
एक ह0 ट
म'नल पर PRS और UTS के
लए दो अलग अलग ंटर का इ)तेमाल 9कया
जाता है
UTS का Thin Client <बना
लंक के औसत 48 घंटे काम कर सकता ह..
 DATA COMMUNICATION
FRIEGHT OPERATION INFORMATION SYSTEM

इस णाल0 से माल गाDड़य+ के बारे म% जानकार0 ाKत कर सकते ह.

स%&ल सव'र CRIS / New Delhi पर ि)थत ह.
सभी सव'र+ के बीच और 9कसी सव'र से व
भन )थान+ पर कनेिCटवट0 के
लए
रे लवे और BSNL के व
भन मीDडया जैसे केबल/OFC/MW/V-SAT का उपयोग
9कया जाता है .
Aयेक )थान पर कम से कम एक Protection Path दान 9कया जाता है .
 DATA COMMUNICATION
RAILWAY NETWORK (Rail Net)

यह भारतीय रे लवे का इं&ानेट है

Main सव'र CRIS / New Delhi पर ि)थत ह.
सभी सव'र+ के बीच और 9कसी सव'र से व
भन )थान+ पर कनेिCटवट0 के
लए
रे लवे के व
भन मीDडया जैसे केबल/OFC/MW/ का उपयोग 9कया जाता है .
इस नेटवक' के Gवारा कंKयटू र+ के माLयम से रे लवे बोड', जोन , Division, Workshops
क%0कृत &े Mनंग स%टर और साव'जMनक उप!म+ के बीच संचार दान 9कया जाता है .
इस नेटवक' के Gवारा कुछ महAवपण ू '
लंक और इंटरनेट साइट+ का उपयोग कर सकते ह..
इंटरनेट gateways 4 )थान+ पर ि)थत है .
 DATA COMMUNICATION
Installation of Network System
MODEM – MUX Based : Supports 64 Kbps
MODEM – ROUTER Based : Supports 64 Kbps / 2 Mbps
E-1 ROUTER Based : Supports 2 Mbps
MODEM - MUX Based Configuration
Primary MUX Primary MUX

G.703 Modem G.703 Modem

Link Panel Arrangement

V.35 Modem
Dump Thin
Terminal Client/UTS
Far End
STAT MUX
C. P. U.
 DATA COMMUNICATION
MODEM-ROUTER Based Configuration
Primary MUX Primary MUX
or STM-1 or STM-1

G.703 Modem G.703 Modem

V.35 Modem V.35 Modem

One C. P. U. FOIS
/ PMS
ROUTER
Thin Client /UTS
SWITCH C. P. U. / Rail net

Dump Terminal
Terminal Server C. P. U.
Far End
 DATA COMMUNICATION
E-1 ROUTER Based Configuration(2 Mbps)
STM-1

At Telecom
Office
ROUTER

LAN Extender
Far End
2W Local Line

LAN Extender
Thin Client /UTS
At Station

SWITCH C. P. U. / Rail net

Terminal Server Dump Terminal

C. P. U.
 DATA COMMUNICATION
Far End Configurations
By Using 9.6 Kbps V.35 Modem Set
By Using Modem – Mux / Linker Set
By Using LAN Extender Set
From STAT MUX / Terminal Server / LAN Extender

STAT MUX
9.6 Kbps or Linker LAN Extender
V.35 Modem
2 / 4 Wire
local line

local line
V.35 Modem

2 Wire
2/4 Wire local line

V.35 Modem
9.6 Kbps LAN Extender
V.35 Modem STAT MUX
or Linker