Laguna State Polytechnic University

College of Engineering

TRANSFORMER

Homework #1

Reference: https://www.electronicshub.org/introduction-to-transformers/
 Laguna State Polytechnic University
College of Engineering

DISCUSSION
The transformer is a static device (means that has no moving parts) that consists of one, two or
more windings which are magnetically coupled and electrically separated with or without a magnetic
core. It transfers the electrical energy from one circuit to the other by electromagnetic induction
principle. The winding connected to the AC main supply is called primary winding and the winding
connected to the load or from which energy is drawn out is called as secondary winding. These two
windings with proper insulation are wound on a laminated core which provides a magnetic path
between windings.

electric transformer

When the primary winding is energized with alternating voltage source, an alternating magnetic
flux or field will be produced in the transformer core. This magnetic flux amplitude depends on the
applied voltage magnitude, frequency of the supply and the number of turns on the primary side. This
flux circulates through the core and hence links with the secondary winding. Based on the principle of
electromagnetic induction, this magnetic linking induces a voltage in the secondary winding. This is
called as mutual induction between two circuits. The secondary voltage depends on the number of turns
on the secondary as well as magnetic flux and frequency.

Reference: https://www.electronicshub.org/introduction-to-transformers/
 Laguna State Polytechnic University
College of Engineering

METHODOLOGICAL/PRINCIPLE
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

 The transformer is working under the principle of electromagnetic induction.

 By using this principle, which transfers electrical energy from one winding to another winding by
mutual induction between the two windings.
 An alternating flux is established in the magnetic core when the primary winding is energized
from an ac source (V1) and the secondary is open circuited.
 Flux links both the primary and secondary windings; thereby an emf is induced in them due to
the rate of change of flux linkages with the windings

CONSTRUCTION

The essential parts in a transformer are

1. A good magnetic core

2. Two windings
3. A time varying magnetic flux.

 The transformer core is made of sheet steel or silicon steel with high permeability and low
hysteresis.
 The transformer core is used to provide a continuous magnetic path with small air gap.
 The sheets are laminated and coated with an oxide layer to reduce eddy current loss.
 Using a special grade of heat-treated grain-oriented silicon steel laminations can minimize the
hysteresis loss.
 The thickness of lamination is 0.35mm for 50Hz of frequency and 0.5mm for 25Hz of frequency
of operation.

Reference: https://www.electronicshub.org/introduction-to-transformers/
 Laguna State Polytechnic University
College of Engineering
TYPES OF WINDINGS

The transformer is having two windings.

1. Primary windings
2. Secondary windings.
 The winding, which receives electrical energy, is called the primary winding.
 The winding, which delivers electrical energy, is known as secondary winding.
 They are made of copper.
 The windings are stationary and the magnetic flux is changing.
 Hence the emf is induced on the secondary winding.
 This kind of induced emf is called as statically induced emf.

TYPES OF TRANSFORMER

 According to the transformer construction, they are classified into two types.
(a) Core type transformer
(b) Shell type transformer
 In the core type transformers, the windings surround the core whereas in shell type
transformers, the core surrounds the windings.
 In both core and shell type transformers, the laminations are cut in the form of L, E and I shape
to avoid high reluctance at the joints.

EQUATION
Transformer Construction (single-phase)

 Where:
 VP - is the Primary Voltage A Transformers Turns Ratio
 VS - is the Secondary Voltage
 NP - is the Number of Primary Windings
 NS - is the Number of Secondary Windings
 Φ (phi) - is the Flux Linkage

Reference: https://www.electronicshub.org/introduction-to-transformers/
 Laguna State Polytechnic University
College of Engineering

DIAGRAM

CONCLUSION
Transformers are extensively used in electrical power systems to produce the variable values of
voltage and currents at the same frequency. Therefore, by an appropriate primary and secondary turn’s
proportion desired voltage ratio is obtained by the transformer.

Reference: https://www.electronicshub.org/introduction-to-transformers/