OPTI 518

Introduction to aberrations

Isogyres

Prof. Jose Sasian

OPTI 518
 Isogyres
iso ~ equal
gyro ~ circle
or ~ equal rotation

The dark shadow pattern seen under crossed polarizes indicating

light locations having unchanged state of polarization as linear
polarized light passes through an optical element.

The dark areas are also known

as brushes
Prof. Jose Sasian
OPTI 518
 Sphere

Spherical lens illuminated with

Prof. Jose Sasian linear polarized light. No analyzer is used.
OPTI 518
 Isogyres
Sphere

Hemisphere
N~1.5

I  1  cos    sin  2  

K 2

16

Maltese Cross
Prof. Jose Sasian Brushes
OPTI 518
 Correction

Shinya Inoué

Prof. Jose Sasian

OPTI 518
 The field at the exit pupil in
the case of no retardance   0
o     2     

E  A ' H ,  exp  i
 

 H,  H, 

    
         

    Tq A  P1      A  P2 H     
A  P3 H  H A 

A' H,   
 P A     P A  H        

 4  5       
A   H  P6 
A H H 


       
   
 H ,   1        2 H     3 H  H  
Prof. Jose Sasian
OPTI 518
 The field at the exit pupil on-axis
       

 
A '  0,    Tq A  P1      A  P4 A     
 
Ai
       


A '  0,    Tq i  P1      i  P4  i     

Irradiance after the analyzer

              
   
A '  0,    j j  Tq i  j  P1      i  j  P4  i      j  j
      
 P4  i      j  j  P4  sin   cos   j  P4  sin  2  j
2 1 2
2
   2  1 2 
2

 
A '  0,    j j   P4  sin  2  
 2 
Prof. Jose Sasian
OPTI 518
 Puzzle

Crossed analyzer Uncrossed analyzer

Prof. Jose Sasian

OPTI 518
 Ray paths

Condenser lens

Prof. Jose Sasian Spherical lens

OPTI 518
 Try another lens
No analyzer

Uncrossed analyzer

              
   
A '  0,    i i  Tq i  i  P1      i  i  P4  i      i  i
    
 Tq i  P1      i  P4  cos   i
2 2

Prof. Jose Sasian

OPTI 518 Crossed analyzer
 Elliptical light

Bi-refringent wedge, ¼, ½, 1 wave retarders with analyzer

uncrossed, at 45 degrees, and crossed.

Prof. Jose Sasian

OPTI 518 LED illumination
 Stress bi-refringence
  
Ei H 0
  2          
E '  exp  i
 
 
 A2       TE  TtA2      E  T tA2 E   

 
 2          
 exp  i
  

 A2       Ti  TtA2      i  T tA2  i     

   2 1 2   
E o  E 'exp  i   A        
  2 

    2  2 1
     2 1
 A2         sin 2        2   2

 A2         a  r    a  t   
2

 A2        cos 
   2    2 
4    2 1
exp  i  arct  Tan 
    2
 
     2   2 

 A2         a  r    a  t   
 

   2  1 2    
E e  E ' exp  i   A        i 
  2  2
   
  
Prof. Jose Sasian  2 1   
OPTI 518 2  a  r  b  r sin   A2      
  2 
 Fields

Prof. Jose Sasian

OPTI 518
 Field math   
 A2      
4
     2  1 2   
  A        
 1
Eexit  E o  E e  E 'exp  i
  2 
pupil

 2  2 1
 cos 
   2
   

 2 1
 A2         sin 2 
  2
 
     2   2 2

 A2         a  r    a  t  
 

 
  2 1   

  A2         a  r    a  t     E ' exp  i   2  A2        i 2 
 
     2   2 2  1
exp  i  arct  Tan 
    2   
   
  
2  a  r  b  r sin 
 2
  2
1  
 A2      



   
 o e    2   2    2 1      2   2 
Eexit  E  E  iE '  a  r    a  t  exp  i  arct  Tan 
  2
  A2         a  r    a  t   

 
pupil

   
  
  
iE ' exp  i  2  a  r  b  r
 2
    2 1    
 iE 'cos  2  exp  i  arct  Tan 
  2
  A2        cos  2   

  
  
iE ' exp  i  sin  2 
 2

Prof. Jose Sasian

OPTI 518
 Field math  
 A2      

4

        2 1 
Eexit pupil
 i  i i E' i  
i cos  2  exp 

i  arct



Tan 
  2
  A 2  
      


cos  2  

    
 
i E '  i  i exp  i  sin  2 
 2 Check all math
  2   2   2 2    
 Eexit pupil
i  i  E' i 
cos 2
 2  
 E '  
i sin  2   2 E  
' i E '  i cos  2  sin  2 

i
Maltese 
cross can take
place due
to diattenuation  1
or retardance

Uncrossed analyzer
Prof. Jose Sasian
OPTI 518
 Colors according to
retardance under crossed
and uncrossed polarizes

LED illumination

Prof. Jose Sasian

OPTI 518
 ¼ and ½ waves of
retardance

¼ ½

¼ ½
Crossed Uncrossed
Prof. Jose Sasian
OPTI 518 LED illumination
 ¾ and 1wave of
retardance

¾ 1 ¾ 1

Crossed Uncrossed
Prof. Jose Sasian
OPTI 518 LED illumination
 1 ¼ and 1 ½ waves
of retardance

1 ¼ 1 ½ 1 ¼ 1 ½

Crossed Uncrossed
Prof. Jose Sasian
OPTI 518 LED illumination