 D-L system (also called Fischer–Rosanoff convention) is mainly used for naming α-amino acids

and sugars. It compares the relative configurations of molecules to the enantiomers of

glyceraldehyde.
 The notation D, L, and DL is based on the arbitrary convention according to which d-
glyceraldehyde was named D-glyceraldehyde, l-glyceraldehyde was named L-glyceraldehyde,
and the racemate dl-glyceraldehyde was named DL-glyceraldehyde. (Note that the
stereodescriptors D, L, and DL shall actually be written in small capitals, which cannot be
correctly typeset here.) The enantiomers were taken to have the absolute configuration
represented by the Fischer projection.
METHIOVET
The most common cause of cystitis in dogs is an infection caused by bacteria. Other common causes
include bladder stones, tumors or polyps in the bladder, and abnormal anatomy (especially in female
dogs).
If your pet does show signs associated with a bacterial cystitis those symptoms could include:

 Hematuria (blood in the urine especially at the end of voiding)

 Stranguria (straining and/or discomfort on urination)
 Pollakiuria (increased frequency of urination and typically smaller volumes)
 Incontinence/accidents
 Discomfort (evidenced by restlessness, abdominal pain, crying or licking)
 Stiffness/reluctance to move (since some dogs develop secondary ‘flu-like’ joint aches)
 Dogs with cystitis may spend several minutes squatting and straining (straining is
called dysuria) to produce only a small amount of urine

When bladder stones (urinary calculi) form, their minerals precipitate out in the urine as microscopic
crystals. If the crystals unite, they form small grains of sand-like material. Once grains develop, additional
precipitation can lead the crystals to adhere together, creating stones.

Struvite stones usually form when large amounts of crystals are present in combination with a urinary
tract infection from urease-producing bacteria such as Staphylococcus or Proteus. Urease is an enzyme
that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea, forming ammonia and carbon dioxide. It contributes to struvite stone
formation as well as alkaline (high-pH) urine.

Lack of glucose absorption causes lipid mobilization which leads to fat accumulation in the liver.

DELTACAL

Osteodystrophy is any dystrophic growth of the bone. It is defective bone development that is
usually attributable to renal disease or to disturbances in calcium and phosphorus metabolism.