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STATION
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CONTENTS
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CONTENTS
SYNOPSIS 7
LIST OF FIGURES 4
SYMBOLS 6
1 Introduction 9
2 Literature review 12
3 Working Principle 18
4 Description of equipment’s 20
4.1 Pneumatic cylinder 24
4.2 Solenoid Valves 22
4.3 Air compressor 26
4.4 Non return valve 28
5 Design and drawing 29
5.1 General machine Specification 30
5.2 Overall diagram 31
6 Merits and demerits 32
7 Application 34
8 Cost Estimation 39
9 Block diagram 41
10 Conclusion 43
Bibliography
Photography
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LIST OF FIGURES
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LIST OF FIGURES
1 Solenoid Valve 22
2 Air compressor 26
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Symbols
A = Area of cylinder (m2)
D = Diameter of Piston (m)
F = Force exerted on the piston (N)
H = Height (m)
L = Length (m)
P = Pressure (N/M2)
V = Volume (m3)
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SYNOPSIS
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SYNOPSIS
This machine can be used for cleaning light vehicles especially for two
wheelers and 3 wheelers and it has a better performance in agricultural purposes.
Now days this machine can have a good market because of the following reasons.
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CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION
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CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION
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features of a pneumatic water pump have been retained in our project model and this
has been achieved with great care.
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CHAPTER – 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
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CHAPTER – 2
LITERATURE SURVEY`
2.1 PNEUMATICS:
The word ‘pneumatic’ comes from Greek and means wind. The word
pneumatics is the study of air movement and its phenomena is derived from the word
pneumatic. Today pneumatics is mainly understood to means the application of air
as a working medium in industry especially the driving and controlling of machines
and equipment.
Pneumatics has for some considerable time between used for carrying out the
simplest mechanical tasks in more recent times has played a more important role in
the development of pneumatic technology for automation.
The key part of any facility for supply of compressed air is by means using
reciprocating compressor. A compressor is a machine that takes in air, gas at a
certain pressure and delivered the air at a high pressure.
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The compressibility of the air was first investigated by Robot Boyle in 1962
and that found that the product of pressure and volumes of particular quantity of gas.
In this equation the pressure is the absolute pressured which for free is about
14.7Psi and is of courage capable of maintaining a column of mercury, nearly 30
inches high in an ordinary barometer. Any gas can be used in pneumatic system but
air is the mostly used system now a days.
The main advantages of an all pneumatic system are usually economic and
simplicity
the latter reducing maintenance to a low level. It can have outstanding advantages
in terms of safety.
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2.3 PNEUMATIC POWER
The key part of any facility for supply of compressed air is by means using
reciprocating compressor. A compressor is a machine that takes in air, gas at a
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certain pressure and delivered the air at a high pressure. Compressor capacity is the
actual quantity of a compressed and delivered and volume expressed is that of the
air. At intake condition namely at atmosphere pressure and normal ambient
temperature.
Clean condition of the suction air is one of the factors, which decides the life
of a compressor. Warm and moist suction air will result increased precipitation of
condense from the compressed air.
Turbo compressors are employed where large of air required at low discharge
pressure. They can’t attend pressure necessary pressure pneumatic control
application unless build in multi stage design and are seldom in encountered in
pneumatic service.
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2.8 RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR
Built for either stationary (or) portable service the reciprocating compressor
is by for the most common type. Reciprocating compressor lap be had is size from
the smallest capacity to deliver more than 500m3/min. In single stage compressor
the air pressure may be of 6 bar machines discharge of pressure is up to 15 bars.
Discharge pressure in the range of 250 bars can be obtained with high pressure
reciprocating compressor that of three & four stage. Single stage and 1200 stage
models are particularly suitable for applications with reference going to the two stage
design soon as the discharge pressure exists 6 bars, because it in capable of matching
the performance of single stage machine at lower cost per driving power in the range.
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CHAPTER-3
WORKING PRINCIPLE
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WORKING PRINCIPLE
The compressed air from the compressor reaches the solenoid valve. The
solenoid valve changes the direction of flow according to the signals from the
timing device.
The compressed air pass through the solenoid valve and it is admitted into
the front end of the cylinder block. The air pushes the piston for the cutting
stroke. At the end of the cutting stroke air from the solenoid valve reaches
the rear end of the cylinder block. The pressure remains the same but the area
is less due to the presence of piston rod. This exerts greater pressure on the
piston, pushing it at a faster rate thus enabling faster return stroke.
The non-return valve is fixed to the hydraulic cylinders two side (Four
numbers).
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CHAPTER-4
DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENTS
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CHAPTER-4
DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENTS
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intermediate position a separate externally mounted cushioning derive most be
provided with the damping feature.
The normal escape of air is out off by a cushioning piston before the end of
the stroke is required. As a result the sit in the cushioning chamber is again
compressed since it cannot escape but slowly according to the setting made on
reverses. The air freely enters the cylinder and the piston strokes in the other
direction at full force and velocity.
4.2VALVES
This valve was selected for speedy operation and to reduce the manual effort
and also for the modification of the machine into automatic machine by means of
using solenoid valve.
The name of the parts of the solenoid should be learned so that they can be
recognised when called upon to make repairs, to do service work or to install them.
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4.1 SOLENOID VALVE
4.3.1 Coil
The solenoid coil is made of copper wire. The layers of wire are seperated by
insulating layer. The entire solenoid coil is covered with a varnish that is not affected
by solvents, moisture, cutting oil or often fluids. Coils are rated in various voltages
such as 115 volts AC, 230 volts AC, 460volts AC, 575 volts AC, 6 volts DC,12 volts
DC, 24 volts DC, 115 volts DC & 230 volts DC they are designed for such
requiencies as 50Hz to 60Hz.
4.3.2 Frame
The solenoid plunger is the mover mechanism of the solenoid. The plunger is
made of steel laminations which are riveted together under high pressure, so that
there will be no movement of the lamination with respect to one another. At the top
of the plunger a pin hole is placed for making a connection to some device. The
solenoid plunger is moved by a magnetic force in one directioin and is usually
returned by sping action.
Solenoid operated valves are usually provided with cover either the solenoid
or the entire valve. This protects the soleniod from dirt and other foregn matter, and
protects the actuator. In many application it is necessary to use explotion proof
solenoids.
The solenoid valve has 5 openings. Three ensure easy exhausting of 5/4 valve
the spool of the 5/4 valve slide inside the main bore accordind to spool position the
ports get connected and disconnected.
4.4.1 Position-1
When the spool is actuated towards outer direction port ‘p’ gets connected to
‘B’ and ‘S’ remains closed while ‘A’ gets connected to ‘R’.
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4.4.2 Position-2
When the spool is pushed in the inner direction port ‘P’ and ‘A’ gets connected to each
other and ‘B’ to ‘S’ while port ‘R’remains closed.
The control valve is used to control the flow direction is called cutoff valve or
solenoid valve. This solenoid cutoff valve is controlled by the electronic control
unit.
In any fluid power circuit flow contol valve is used to control the speed of
actuator. The flow control can be achieved by varying the aera of flow through which
the air in passing.
When area is increased, more quantity of air will be sent to actuator as a result
its speed will increase.If the quantity of air entering into the actuator is reduced, the
speed of the actuator is reduced.
The main function of the pressure control valve is to limit (or) control the
pressure required in a pneumatic circuit.
4.5.4 Connectors
In our system there are two type of connectors used. One is the Hose
connector and the other is the reducer. Hose connectots normally comprise an
adopt hose nipple and cap nut. These types of connectors are made up of brass
(or) aluminium (or) hardened pneumatic steel.
Compressor is the air producing machine. They collect the airs from the
atmosphere are in the running of machine are engine. Air compressors are
utilized to raise the pressure of a volume of air. Air compressure are available
in many configurations and will operate over a very wide range of flow rates
and pressure compressed air was expelled by primitive man to give glowing
embers sufficient oxygen to allow them to flare up into a fire. During the
compression oprocess the tempreture increases as the presssure increses this
is known as polytypic compression. The amount of compression power also
increases as the temp also increases. Compressor are staged their by reducing
the temp rice and improving the compression efficiency.The temp of tha air
leaving each stage is cooled prior to entering to the next stage. The cooling
process is called inter cooling. Volumetric efficiency also increases with multi
stage copression since the pressure ratio over the first stage will be decreased.
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4.6 NON-RETURN VALVE
Check valve are two parts valves,meaning they have two opening in the
body, one for fluid to enter and the other for fluid to leave. There are various
types of check valve used in a wide variety of application. Check valve often
part of common house hold items all through there are available in a wide
range of size and cost.Check valve are generally are very sall,simple,and/or
cheap. Check valve work automatically most are no controoled by a persion
or any external control,accordingly most do not have any valve handle or
steam. The bodies the most check valve are made of plastic or metal.
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CHAPTER-5
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CHAPTER - 5
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5.1. Double Acting Pneumatic Cylinder
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CHAPTER – 6
MERITS AND DEMERITS
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CHAPTER – 6
MERITS AND DEMERITS
6.1 ADVANTAGES
Portable in size
easy handling and operation
Low operational cost
Independence from the supply of vacuum or compressed air.
Low Cost Machine
6.2 DISADVANDAGES
It is applicable in all small scale and large industries for lubrication.
Higher efficiency
It does not required any prime mover like electric motor
As the air is freely available
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CHAPTER – 7
APPLICATIONS
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APPLICATION
Industrial application
All Automobile Service Station
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CHAPTER – 8
COST ESTIMATION
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COST OF ESTIMATION
As in any other problem, in selection of material the cost of material plays
an important part and should not be ignored.
TOTAL 6100
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CHAPTER 9
BLOCK DIAGRAM
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FABRICATION OF MINI WATER SERVICE
STATION
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CHAPTER – 10
CONCLUSION
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CONCLUSION
The project carried out by us made and impressing task in the field of
medical department for water purifier.
This project will reduce the cost involved in the concern. Project has been
designed to perform the entire requirement task at the shortest time available.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
6. http://www.solarpanelinfo.com/
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PHOTOGRAPHY
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