.

 At the end of this lecture the students will be able

to:
 Define the cell membrane.
 Define the Homeostasis.
 Determine the functions of cell membrane.
 Describe the structure of cell membrane.
 Determine functions of membrane proteins.
 Which is called also plasma
Membrane or Cytoplasmic Membrane .

 It is a biological membrane, it is
surrounding and separating the
interior components (which are
alive)of all cells from the outside
environment (which is nonliving).
 The cell
membrane is
flexible and
allows a
unicellular
organism to
move.
 Balanced internal condition of
cells
 Also called equilibrium
 Maintained by plasma
membrane controlling what
enters & leaves the cell
Protective barrier.
 Regulate transport in & out of
cell (selectively permeable).
 Allow cell recognition.
 Provide anchor sites for filaments
of cytoskeleton.
Provide
a binding site for
enzymes
Interlocking surfaces bind
cells together (junctions)
Contains the cytoplasm (fluid
in cell)
 The cell membrane (plasma membrane ) is
made of two layers of phospholipids. The
membrane has many proteins embedded in it.

 The arrangement of protein & lipid molecules

with in the membrane may suggest different
models. The most accepted model is the
Fluid-Mosaic model.
 In 1972, Singer & Nicolson revised the model
in simple way:
They proposed that: the globular protein
are inserted of the lipid bilayer, with their
nonpolar segments in contact with the
nonpolar interrior of the bilayer & their polar
portions stick out from the membrane
surface.
A. Mosaic: an object comprised of bits and pieces
embedded in a supporting structure
1. membrane lipids form the supporting structure
2. membrane proteins provide the bits and pieces
3. both lipids and proteins may be mobile or 'fluid'
B. Membrane lipids: the supporting structure
1. phospholipids
2. glycolipids
3. cholesterol
C. Membrane proteins: the bits and pieces
1. integral (intrinsic) proteins
2. peripheral (extrinsic) proteins
1. Lipids : bilayer of phospholipids

a. hydrophilic heads - P04 end "water"

"loving" attracted to water on inner/outer
parts of cell

b. hydrophobic tails - fatty acids "water"

"fearing" attracted to each other on inside
of bilayer
 Diagram of the
arrangement of
amphipathic lipid
molecules to form a lipid
bilayer.
 The yellow polar head
groups separate the grey
hydrophobic tails from the
aqueous cytosolic and
extracellular environments.
c. glycolipids - some carbohydrates
attached
to outer lipids (involved in cell to cell
recognition)

d. cholesterol - regulates fluidity of

membrane

2. proteins: interspersed throughout the

membrane
1) Receptors: - hormones,
neurotransmitters
2) Enzymes: - reactions in & out of cell
3) Transport :- ions and molecules
4) Intercellular junctions
5) Cell-cell recognition
6) Cytoskeletal and extracellular
matrix attachment
1- integral proteins: - inserted into the bilayer
( transmembrane - across entire bilayer).
2- peripheral proteins: - on inner & outer surface.

3- glycoproteins: - carbohydrates on outer

surface.
glycocalyx - outer carbohydrate coat (cell
recognition and identification).
.
.