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Simple UV spectrophotometric
assay of Amlodipine
Safila Naveed*, Hina Qamar, Wardha Jawaid, Urooj Bokhari
Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan
Email address
safila117@yahoo.com (S. Naveed), safila117@gmail.com (S. Naveed)
Citation
Safila Naveed, Hina Qamar, Wardha Jawaid, Urooj Bokhari. Simple UV Spectrophotometric
Assay of Amlodipine. American Journal of Chemistry and Application.
Vol. 1, No. 4, 2014, pp. 66-69.
Keywords Abstract
Amlodipine, Amlodipine besylate is a potent long-acting calcium channel blocking agent.. An
Assay, efficient least time consuming and simple spectrophotometric method for the assay of
UV Spectrophotometer Amlodipine has been used. The assay is based on the ultraviolet UV absorbance
maxima at about 238nm wavelength of Amlodipine using water as solvent. A sample
of drug was dissolved in water to produce a solution containing Amlodipine.
Similarly, various dilutions were made. The absorbance of sample preparation was
Received: August 28, 2014 measured at 238nm against the solvent blank and the assay was determined. In our
Revised: September 16, 2014 study a simple and quick assay method using U.V spectrophotometer has been used.
Accepted: September 17, 2014 The assay is based on measuring the absorbance of formulation of Amlodipine
dilutions at the wavelength of 238 nm. Four different dilutions of 50ppm, 25ppm,
12.5ppm and 6.25ppm are prepared and their percent assay is calculated.
1. Introduction
Amlodipine besylate is a potent long-acting calcium channel blocking agent. [1]
Amlodipine, a charged dihydropyridine-type (DHP) calcium channel blocker (CCB),
has been widely used to treat angina and HTN. By several meta-analyses it has been
evaluated that the effect of CCBs on cardiovascular outcomes. [2] [3] [4] Calcium
channel blockers [CCB] are one of the most widely used anti-hypertensive agents.
Amlodipine belongs to dihydropyridines CCB with long half-life (30-58 hrs) and
large volume of distribution (21 L/Kg)... [5] [6] A class of drugs that act by selective
inhibition of calcium influx through cell membranes or on the release and binding of
calcium in intracellular pools. Since they are inducers of vascular and other smooth
muscle relaxation. It is more effective than β-blockers in the treatment of variant
angina because it prevents and reverses the coronary spasms resulting in increased
blood flow and myocardial oxygen supply. [7] [2] Moreover, it inhibits selectively
the arterial vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation resulting in prevention of the
progressive narrowing of the arteries. [8] [9] Amlodipine besylate is official in British
Pharmacopoeia (BP). [10] Amlodipine is a chiral calcium antagonist, currently on the
market and in therapeutic use as a racemate [1:1 mixture of (R)-(+) - and (S)-(–)-
amlodipine[19]
Literature survey reveals quantitative determination of Amlodipine by liquid
chromatography[11], RP-HPLC method [18] ,automated gas chromatography[12],
HPLC with fllourescence detection[13], in human plasma by gas chromatography,
liquid chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometric method (LC-MS)[14][16] HPLC
[15] and Coupled-column chromatography on a Chiral-AGP phase for determination
of amlodipine enantiomers [17].
The aim of our present study was to calculate the percent assay different brands of
67 Safila Naveed et al.: Simple UV Spectrophotometric Assay of Amlodipine
2. Experimental
UV visible 1601 Shimadzu double beam
spectrophotometer was used to measurement of spectra.
The solvent which are used for the assay was water.
2.1. Wavelength Selection
Fig 1. Linearity plot for assay of different dilutionss of Lodopin
About 50 ppm of Amlodipine besylate solution was
accurately prepared in water. These solutions were scanned
in the 200-400 nm UV regions. The wavelength maxima
(max) were observed at 238 nm and this wavelength was
adopted for absorbance measurement.
2.2. Standard Stock Solution of Different
Brands
3. Procedure
After preparation of stock solutions, strength of solution
100 ppm in 100 ml absorbance of the sample preparation
and transfer 25ml, 12.5ml, 6.25ml and 3.25ml in
volumetric flask and make up the volume upto 50ml to
make dilution and then transfer it in 1cm cell at the
wavelength of maximum absorbance at about 238nm, using
a spectrophotometer, using the blank solution.
Fig 4. Linearity plot for assay of different dilutionss of Zodip
American Journal of Chemistry and Application 2014; 1(4): 66-69 68
[7] B. Szymusiak-Mutnick (1994) Comprehensive Pharmacy chlorthalidone: application to commercially available drug
Review L. Shargel (Ed.) (2nd edition (Middle East products. Intl. J. Pharm. Sci. Res, 3, 141-149
edition))Mass Publishing Co., Giza, Egypt , pp. 555–569
[19] Lukša, J., Josič, D., Kremser, M., Kopitar, Z., & Milutinovič,
[8] Y.Z. Zhang, P.J. Gao, X.Y. Wang et al. (2000)The inhibitory S. (1997). Pharmacokinetic behaviour of< i> R</i>-(+)-
mechanisms of amlodipine in human vascular smooth and< i> S</i>-(−)-amlodipine after single enantiomer
muscle cell proliferation Hypertens. Res., 23, pp. 403–406 administration. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical
Sciences and Applications, 703(1), 185-193.
[9] Y.M. Lai, N. Fukuda, J.Z. Su et al.(2002) Novel mechanisms
of the antiproliferative effects of amlodipine in vascular [20] Huma Dilshad, Safila Naveed and Baqir Naqvi (2013)
smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats Assay of new formulations of isosorbide mononitrate by
Hypertens. Res., 25, pp. 109–115 using uv spectrophotometer : BPJ0000115 - World Research
Journal of Medicine Volume : 1 Issue : 1, pg9-10
[10] British Pharmacopoeia. Vol. 1. London: The Stationery
office Publications; 2007. pp. 132–4. [21] Huma Dilshad, Safila Naveed and Ghulam Sarwar (2014)
Simple spectrophotometric assay of available brands of
[11] Yeung, P. K., Mosher, S. J., & Pollak, P. T. (1991). Liquid Acetaminophen tablets and their comparative study Journal
chromatography assay for amlodipine: chemical stability of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences Volume 2, Issue
and pharmacokinetics in rabbits.Journal of pharmaceutical 1,1-4
and biomedical analysis, 9(7), 565-571.
[22] Safila Naveed, Fatima Qamar, Ghulam Sarwer.,
[12] Monkman, S. C., Ellis, J. S., Cholerton, S., Thomason, J. M., (2014) Percentage assay of metformin in different medium
Seymour, R. A., & Idle, J. R. (1996). Automated gas using UV- spectrophotometer BPJ0000130 - World
chromatographic assay for amlodipine in plasma and Research Journal of Organic Chemistry Volume : 2 Issue :
gingival crevicular fluid. Journal of Chromatography B: 1, 12-14 ISSN: 2320-3374 & E-ISSN: 2320-5679,
Biomedical Sciences and Applications, 678(2), 360-364. http://www.bioinfopublication.org/jouarchive.php?opt=&jou
id=BPJ0000130
[13] Tatar, S., & Atmaca, S. (2001). Determination of amlodipine
in human plasma by high-performance liquid [23] Safila Naveed (2014) Simple UV spectrophotometric assay
chromatography with fluorescence detection. Journal of of Atorvastatin API formulation and their comparative study,
Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications, Global Journal of Medical Research .14(2):35-38.
758(2), 305-310. https://globaljournals.org/GJMR_Volume14/4-Simple-UV-
Spectrophotometric-Assay.pdf
[14] Beresford, A. P., Macrae, P. V., Stopher, D. A., & Wood, B.
A. (1987). Analysis of amlodipine in human plasma by gas [24] Safila Naveed and Fatima Qamar (2014) A simple assay of
chromatography. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Esomeprazole Using UV spectrophotometer The Global
Sciences and Applications, 420, 178-183. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (TGJPR) 3(2); 1921-
25,http://www.tgjpr.com/view-article.php?id=3433
[15] Mohammadi, A., Rezanour, N., Ansari Dogaheh, M.,
Ghorbani Bidkorbeh, F., Hashem, M., & Walker, R. B. [25] Safila Naveed and Fatima Qamar (2014) Simple UV
(2007). A stability-indicating high performance liquid spectrophotometric assay of Mefenamic acid International
chromatographic (HPLC) assay for the simultaneous Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research
determination of atorvastatin and amlodipine in commercial (IJPSR) ,5(7):364-366 .http://www.ijpsr.info/ijpsr-v5n7.php
tablets. Journal of Chromatography B, 846(1), 215-221.
[26] Safila Naveed, Shabana Naz Shah, Fatima Qamar , Nimra
[16] Massaroti, P., Marchioretto, M. A. M., Cassiano, N. M., Waheed, and Safeena Nazeer, (2014) simple uv
Bernasconi, G., Calafatti, S. A., Barros, F. A. P., ... & spectrophotometric assay of new formulation gentamycin J
Pedrazzoli, J. (2005). Development and validation of a App Pharm Vol. 6; Issue 4: 407-410
selective and robust LC-MS/MS method for quantifying
amlodipine in human plasma. Analyti Josefsson, M., & [27] Safila Naveed, Shabana Naz Shah, Fatima Qamar , Nimra
Norlander, B. (1996). Waheed, and Safeena Nazeer, (2014) Simple UV
spectrophotometric assay of Lincomycin, IJPRDD, 1 (2),10-
[17] Coupled-column chromatography on a Chiral-AGP phase 12.
for determination of amlodipine enantiomers in human
plasma: An HPLC assay with electrochemical detection. [28] Safila Naveed* and Amber Nawab (2014) Assay of LVFX
Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 15(2), (levofloxacin) in different formulation by UV spectroscopy
267-277cal and bioanalytical chemistry, 382(4), 1049-1054. IJPRDD, 1 (2), 13-16.
[18] Mhaske, R. A., Garole, D. J., Mhaske, A. A., & [29] Safila Naveed and Fatima Qamar (2014) Simple UV
Sahasrabudhe, S. (2012). RP-HPLC method for spectrophotometric assay of Metronidazole Open Access
simultataneous determination of amlodipine besylate, Library Journal, 1: e615:1-4.
valsartan, telmisartan, hydrochlorothiazide and http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1100615