Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Jessica Smay
Table of Contents
Original:
Nearly two years after landing, NASA's Mars Exploration Rovers still dazzle the public. The pair of
tracks featured on the cover of the October, 2005 issue of the scientific journal Geology are just one
example.
If you decide you need to quote a portion word-for-word, it may look like this:
Blah, blah, blah, previous sentence phrased in your own words. As stated on NASA’s website,
“NASA's Mars Exploration Rovers still dazzle the public nearly two years after landing.” (NASA, 2005)
Next sentence, blah, blah, blah.
Only 10% (preferably less) of an essay should be directly quoted material – most of an essay
needs to be in your own words.
Bibliography Section: References are at the end of a paper, and follow a specific format for a
book or article or website (see below). Include the author, date (or “no date” if there is none)
title and specific details.
References:
McDermott, L. C., and P. S. Shaffer, 2002, Tutorials in Introductory Physics, First Edition.
Prentice Hall, New Jersey Details for book
Author Date Title Details for website
NASA, JPL (Oct 4, 2005) Journals of the Rovers Journeys Retrieved October 30, 2005, from
http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/spotlight/20051004.html
I. Introduction to Astronomy
B. What is Astronomy? =
1. Question/Hypothesis=
2. Experiment/collect data=
North Pole = 90º
3. Results=
80º 60º
4. Conclusions= 40º
4 20º
h h
18
h
D. Why do we study Astronomy? 20 h
h 2
22 0
h
0º = equator
A. N and S Hemisphere
1. degrees
1. horizon
2. zenith
1
Constellations, Earth’s Daily Sky Motions
A. Celestial Sphere
B. Constellations/Star Chart
2. =
3. =
4. =
A. North:
Big Dipper
Little Dipper
Cassiopeia
B. South:
2
III. Earth’s rotation causes star motion (looking East, West, North, South)
East West
south
http://astro.unl.edu/naap/motion2/animations/ce_hc.html
Guide for answering questions about star motions:
Stars rise in the ____________ at an angle like this: and set in the ____________ at an angle like this:
6 hours after a star rises directly in the East it will be high in the _______________ sky.
12 hours after a star rises directly in the East, it will be setting in the _____________.
Stars that rise South of East will be visible for _____________ than 12 hours.
Stars that rise North of East will be visible for _____________ than12 hours.
3
All _____________________ stars never rise or set, they are always above the horizon.
All circumpolar stars move in a _______________________ direction around the North Star.
3
Earths Surface
I. Earth’s Formation
3. causes:
1. Formed when:
a.
b.
d. atmosphere?
A. Divergent boundary:
B. Convergent boundary:
4
C. Dunes D. Streams
2. Order of Events
5
4
A. ________________ B. ________________
1. lighter 1. darker
3. age: 3. age:
a. rocks:
c.
6
C. Rate of Crater Formation
4.5 4 3 2 1 0
Time before present (billions of years)
7
6
I. Seasonal Stars
Aquarius Capricornus
A. ecliptic: Pisces
Aries
B. constellations on ecliptic
Sagittarius
1. can be hidden by the Sun
Scorpius
2. are the signs of the zodiac Winter Summer
Taurus
Gemini Libra
Cancer Leo Virgo
C. Monthly changes
Gemini Libra
Cancer Leo Virgo 8
II. Seasons
A. Causes – tilt of Earth’s axis of rotation compared to the ecliptic, which causes…
2. hours of sunlight
-summer?
-winter?
3. directness of sunlight
-summer?
-winter?
B. Other planets?
9
7
1. shade in the side of the Moon seen from space that does not have any sunlight
6pm
mid
noon Sun
night
6am
10
C. Time of day, Phase of moon, and Location in sky are all related
II. Eclipses – when the ecliptic lines up with the Moon’s orbit
A. Lunar eclipses
Moon
Earth
Not to scale
B. Solar eclipses
Moon
Earth
Not to scale
A. Planet definition:
https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/solar-system-formation/en/
1. Terrestrial planets:
2. Jovian planets:
b. _______ size
c. _______ orbit
1.
11 22
2.
3.
Temperature
4 3
12
II. Positions of the Planets
why?
why?
Sun
B. Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
why?
why?
B. 2nd Law: A planet moves faster when it is ____________ to the Sun in its ellipse-shaped orbit.
1. On your drawing above, label where the planet moves faster and where it moves slower.
C. 3rd Law: The larger the average distance a planet is from the Sun, the ____________ the planet moves.
10
1. a3 = p2 9
8 h
7
Orbital Period (years)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Orbital Distance (AU)
2. Mass of planet is not related to its orbital distance or its orbital period
13
9
I. Gravity
1. Role of distance:
a. If distance is farther, the gravitational force between the two objects is ________________
2. Role of mass:
a. If an objects mass is larger, the gravitational force between the two objects is__________________
14
A
d=8 m=3
m=5
B
d =5 m=3
m=5
C
d=5
m = 10 m = 10
C. Earth-Moon force
a. The force between the two objects is equal, so the object with the smaller mass will have
___________________ acceleration
15
10
a. From:
a. From:
a. From:
B. Rock types
1. Igneous:
2. Sedimentary:
3. Metamorphic:
1. Planet size
a. interior temperature
b. presence of an atmosphere
a. surface temperature
Rock Types:
16
Features:
2. Venus
Rock Types:
Features:
3. Mars
Rock Types:
Features:
1. Mercury
a. Caloris Basin:
VIS VIS
IR IR
2. Venus
a. Greenhouse effect
3. Mars
a. Olympus Mons:
b. Valles Marineras:
17
11
A. Observations:
1
1. Mars is medium sized
2. Volcanoes
B. Theory:
A. Earth-Moon system
B. Earth-Sun system
18
III. Moons in our Solar System A moon is an object that:
A. Features
C. Earth
D. Mars
1. Two Moons
Formed when:
E. Jupiter Io
1. ________________
a. unique:
2. _______________
Europa
a. unique:
b. unique:
F. Saturn
Titan
1. _______________
a. unique:
b. unique: