UNIT 34: PRONOUNS 1

Parts of Speech

Pronouns
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What is Pronoun?
• A pronoun is a word that is used in place of a noun.

For examples,
– Ratha is studying English. She wants to be a teacher.
– Ratha and her friends are hopeful. They are sitting in
their first class.
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Kinds of Pronouns
• Pronouns may be classified as personal, intensive,
reflexive, demonstrative, relative, interrogative, indefinite,
and reciprocal.

[1] Personal Pronouns

• Personal pronouns show person; that is, first person,
the second person, or the third person.
• They are:
– Subjective pronouns: I, you, we, they, he, she, it
– Objective pronouns: me, you, us, them, him, her, it
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Kinds of Pronouns
[2] Possessive Pronouns
• Possessive pronoun shows possession or ownership.
– Possessive pronouns: mine, yours, theirs, his, hers, its

• You may be confused with possessive adjectives below:

Possessive adjectives: my, your, their, his, her, its
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Kinds of Pronouns
[3] Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns
• Intensive and reflexive pronouns have the same forms.
They are: myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself,
herself, itself, themselves, and oneself.
• The intensive pronoun usually comes after the word it
stands for and emphasizes that word; as,
– The president himself told the reporters.
– They themselves admitted their mistake.
• The reflexive pronoun points the action back toward
the subject.
– She bought the dress for herself.
– She bought herself a new dress.
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Kinds of Pronouns
[4] Demonstrative Pronouns
• Demonstrative pronouns are used to point out
particular persons, places, or things.
• They are: this, that , these, those
– This is my party.
– These are her pencils.
– That is Sophal’s shirt.
– Those are good apples.
– Those papers arc soiled.
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Kinds of Pronouns
[5] Indefinite Pronouns
• Indefinite pronouns do not refer to any person or thing
in particular.
• They are: another, each, neither, somebody, anybody,
either, nobody, someone, anyone, everybody, no one,
something, anything, everyone, one, both, few, many,
several, all, any, some…
– Somebody took the key to the storeroom.
– One hardly knows what to do.
– Nobody has his or her ticket.
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Kinds of Pronouns
[6] Distributive Pronouns
• Distributive pronouns refer to persons or things one at a
time. They are: each, either, and neither.
– Each of the men received a reward.
– Either of you can go.
– Neither of the accusations is true.
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Kinds of Pronouns
[7] Interrogative Pronouns
• Interrogative pronouns introduce question sentences.
• They are who, whom, what, which, where, when, why …
– Who is she?
– Whom did you meet?
– What is your name?
– Which is yours?
– Where did you go yesterday?
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Kinds of Pronouns
[8] Relative Pronouns
• Relative pronouns are words that refer or relate to some
noun going before, which is called its antecedents.
• They are: who, whom, that, which.
– She is the woman who interviewed me.
– She appointed the man whom I also know.
– It is a dog that won the prize last time.
– Tum Teav is a story which tells about a love tragedy.
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Kinds of Pronouns
[9] Reciprocal Pronouns
• Reciprocal pronouns express a mutual relationship.
• They are: each other and one another.
– Peter and Mary kissed each other.
– The gangsters were fighting one another.
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Kinds of Pronouns
[10] Impersonal pronouns
• Impersonal pronoun "it" doesn't refer to a definite
reference or antecedent. It does not refer to a particular
person or thing.
– It's alright.
– It seems hard to believe.
– It is going to be sunny tomorrow.
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Functions of Pronouns
• The pronoun may function as: subject, object of a verb,
indirect object, object of a verbal, object of a preposition,
subjective complement, and so forth.

[1] Functioning as subject

– They are architects.
– Everything is not permanent.

[2] Functioning as direct object

– She likes him so much.
– The army defeated them and captured the town.
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Functions of Pronouns
[3] Functioning as indirect object
– The Manager offered him a new position.
– She made herself a cake.

[4] Functioning as object of preposition

– It is not easy to deal with them.
– She was talking about herself.
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Functions of Pronouns
[5] Functioning as subject complement
– The book is mine.
– The house is theirs.

[6] Functioning as appositive

– You all student should study hard.
– He himself misunderstood my message.
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Exercises

Ex 3 – p. 135
Ex 4 – p. 136
Ex 8 – p. 137