SUMMER INTERNSHIP REPORT ON SOIL

EXPLORATION FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS

SUMMER INTERNSHIP PERFORMED AT

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
KURUKSHETRA
SUBMITTED BY: GUIDED BY:
MITESH SINGH DR. ANUPAM MITTAL
GOVT. ENGGINEERING COLLEGE PROFESSOR
BIKANER DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
NIT KURUKSHETRA
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the report on “SOIL EXPLORATION FOR VARIOUS CIVIL
ENGINEERING WORKS” which is submitted by MITESH SINGH of third year in
Bachelor Of Technology Civil Engineering of GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING
COLLEGE , BIKANER at NATIONAL INSTIUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
KURUKSHETRA

This is certify that MITESH SINGH have worked for a period of 45 days for preparing the
report.

DR. Anupam Mittal

Professor
Department Of Civil Engineering
NIT Kurukshetra
 SYNOPSIS
This is a report of project on soil exploration for various civil engineering works
submitted MITESH SINGH of Government Engineering College , Bikaner .

Detailed investigations of the soil formation at the sites for construction of various
civil engineering works were conducted. This job consisted of field investigations
consisting of making bore holes followed by field tests conducted within these
boreholes at different depths. These field investigations were supplemented by
detailed laboratory analysis of samples collected. The laboratory tests were conducted
immediately after completion of field work.

Field test conducted was Standard Penetration Test. SPT helps in estimating the
relative density and also in locating weaker strata.

As far as the bore logs are concerned, these were provided as per the information
available in the soil mechanics lab of the department.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sr. No. CONSTRUCTION SITE Page No.

1 INTRODUCTION 1-2

REPORT OF SOIL INVESTIGATION CONDUCTED AT THE

2 LOCATION FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF 33KV SUB STATION AT 3-8
THIMO

REPORT OF SOIL INVESTIGATION CONDUCTED AT THE

3 LOCATION FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF ITI AT PUNHANA IN 9-13
MEWAT

REPORT OF DETAILED INVESTIGATION OF SOIL

CONDUCTED AT THE LOCATION FOR THE OF
4 14-22
CONSTRUCTION ASHTADASH VIBHUTI MANDIR COMPLEX AT
KURUKSHETRA

REPORT OF DETAILED INVESTIGATION OF SOIL

CONDUCTED AT THE LOCATION FOR THE
5 23-36
CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY OVER BRIDGE AT GANAUR,
DISTRICT SONEPAT

INDIAN STANDARD CODES (IS 2131-1981 ,IS 6403 : 1981, IS 2911

6 Part 1/Section 2-1979 ) 37

v
 INTRODUCTION
The prime objective in Civil engineering of a sub soil investigation is to determine stratigraphy,
pertinent physical properties of soil underlying the site so that a safe and economical foundation
can be designed.
The characteristics of soils are generally variable and may change sharply within limited
distances. Degree of thoroughness and completeness required of an investigation is linked with
job requirements and availability of time and funds.
Pertinent physical properties generally needed from an investigation are strength,
compressibility and permeability. Often the chemical nature of sub-soil and ground water
are desired to evaluate the hazard of corrosion on the foundation of structure. Physical
properties of soil are evaluated from in-situ tests and also from laboratory tests on
undisturbed, disturbed and/or remoulded samples.
To achieve the objective soil investigation may have to be carried out in stages. On
initial broad determination of stratigraphy and physical properties, particular zone may have
to be investigated in detail. Furthermore it is desirable that investigation predicted from soil
investigation carried prior to construction work is compared with information revealed say
by excavation etc. if there is significant variation between reality and prediction then further
investigation may be necessary. Recheck the design considerations.
Depth of investigations depends upon the size and type of proposed structure and
sequence of subsurface strata. In other words, it depends upon the depth of soil affected by
foundation bearing pressure. Exploration in general should be carried out to depth up to which
increase in pressure due to structural loading is likely to cause perceptible settlement and shear
failure. Unless bedrock is encountered first, the investigation shall be carried out to the point at
which vertical pressure due to proposed structure is equal to or less than 10% of original
effective stress at the point before structure is constructed. This depth may be assumed to be
equal to one and half to two times the width (smaller lateral dimensions) for loaded area. In the
absence of structural loadings, the above rule may be simplified and stated as follows:
a) It is good practice to have one boring carried to bedrock or at least to a level
well below the anticipated level of influence of the building.

b) Depth of isolated spread footings or raft footing be one and a half times the width.

c) For some heavily loaded structures such as multi-storey structures and framed
structures, 50% of the borings should be extended to a depth not less than 15m, below
the lowest part of foundation.

1
Number and relative position of bore holes in various field tests such as Standard penetration
tests, Dynamic cone penetration tests, plate load tests depends upon the nature of soil profile
(regular or erratic), type of structure (sensitive or insensitive) and size or extent of job.
Whenever possible the bore hole should be bored as close as possible to the
foundation level. This is particularly important when bearing strata is irregular in depth. The
soil profile is regular and irregular can be known from initial few bore holes. When the area
to be investigated is large and/or when plant layout is not finalized a few widely spaced
preliminary bore holes are recommended. These bore holes give rough idea about the nature
of subsoil in the area and help in planning detailed investigation. For a job in which plant
layout is practically finalized, one or the other field tests, depending on merit, is spaced to
fall in all important plant units. These tests may be kept to a minimum initially and when
warranted by erratic sub-soil nature. They can be supplemented by additional field tests. For
compact building site covering an area of about 0.4 hectare, one bore hole in each corner
and in in the centre may be adequate. For smaller and less important buildings, even one
bore hole in the centre may be sufficient.

2
 REPORT OF SOIL INVESTIGATION CONDUCTED AT THE LOCATION FOR
THE CONSTRUCTION OF 33KV SUB STATION AT THIMO

Geotechnical investigation of soil formations at the site for the construction of 33 KV Sub
Station falling in Thimo was conducted by Department of Civil Engineering, National
Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra. The field investigations consisted of making bore
holes at the site, taking out soil samples and conducting standard penetration tests at various
elevations inside the bore holes. The samples so collected were subjected to laboratory
testing. These investigations were carried out under the supervision of staff deputed by S.E.
Civil Construction Circle, Panchkula in the December, 2014.

SITE: Construction of 33KV Sub Station falling in Thimo.

GROUND WATER TABLE: The position of ground water table is as shown in the enclosed
bore logs.

BORING OPERATIONS: Two bore holes each 20 feet deep were made in all various
locations. Initially bore holes were advanced for short depth by using post hole auger. A
casing pipe was pushed in and driven by slow frequent rotations to avoid excessive
disturbance. As the casing advanced, the soil material within the casing was removed. The
undisturbed soil samples were drawn by pushing thin walled steel tubes into the bore holes.
The samples were taken below the bottom of casing after cleaning the bore holes of any
loose material at all elevations. Immediately after collecting undisturbed samples, these
were marked and sealed using sealing wax.

FIELD TEST: STANDARD PENETRATION TEST

The standard penetration tests were conducted by driving split spoon sampler at various
elevations into the soil through bore holes made at site. A hammer of 63.5 kg. weight with a free
fall of 75 cm. was used to drive the sampler. The test was performed in there stages. The
numbers of blows were counted for every 15 cm penetration of the sampler. The blows required
for next 30 cm penetration were recorded as SPT value (N-value). The test procedure adopted
for conducting above test has been as per IS: 2131-1981-Standard Penetration Test.

3
LABORATORY TESTS:
The following lab tests have been conducted in the Soil Mechanics Laboratory of National
Institute of Technology, kurukshetra to determine index and engineering properties of the
soil samples collected from the bore holes made at the site.

1) Identification of soils: The soils were identified by simple visual examination as per IS
1498:1970-Classification and identification of soils for General Engineering purposes,
Visual examination included the evaluation of colour, any fibrous matter, any vegetable
content, shape and size of the particles. Shaking tests, strength tests and dispersion tests
were also conducted.

2) Water Content: The water content of soil samples has been determined by oven drying
method as per recommendation of IS: 2720 (Part II)-1973.

3) Consistency Limits: The liquid limits and plastic limits of the soil samples collected at
various elevations of the bore holes has been evaluated as per procedure laid down in IS:
2720 (Part V)-1970.

4) Grain Size Distribution: This classification test was conducted to determine the ranges
of sixes of particles and percentage of particle in each of these size ranges of the soil met
at various elevations of the bore holes. The test procedure standardized By Indian
Standard IS: 2720 (Part IV)-1975 has been adopted to conduct the above test. The
percentage of gravel, coarse sand, medium sand, fine sand, silt clay evaluated from this
test has been presented in the enclosed bore hole sheets.
5) Triaxial Compression Test: A series of triaxial compression tests were got conducted on
undistributed samples collected from the bore holes to estimate shear strength parameters
(c and ϕ). The height to diameter ratio of the samples was kept as 2. These samples were
tested in triaxial cell under various confining pressures. The samples were tested under
eachcell pressure after consolidation. The cell pressure was applied by constant mercury
pressure application unit the samples were sheared under constant strain.
Mohr’s failure envelops were plotted from the results of a series of triaxial compression
tests to determine shear strength parameters. These parameters have been presented in the
enclosed bore hole sheets.

4
ESTIMATION OF ALLOWABLE BEARING PRESSURE:
The stability of a foundation depends upon the safety of soil against the following:
1. Its failure in shear (associated with plastic flow of soil material underneath the
foundation and lateral expulsion of soil underneath the foundation).

2. Excessive vertical displacement, or settlement caused by process of consolidation of

the soil under the foundation (elastic and plastic deformation). Therefore, in order not to
endanger the structure, these are two independent foundation stability criterion, which must
be met simultaneously. These criterion being
i. There should be adequate safety against shear failure within the soil mass, and
ii. The probable differential and maximum settlement of the soil, viz: foundation must
be limited to safe, tolerable and acceptable magnitudes.
In the present report, the estimation of allowable bearing pressure has been made on the
basis of above two criterion.

5
 FOR 33KV SUB STATION AT THIMO

Type of foundation : Open foundation

Depth of foundation : 120 cm
Size of foundation : 150 cm × 225 cm

SETTLEMENT CRITERION:

Depth(feet) SPT, N value Effective N-value Corrected N-

Overburden correction CN value, CN×N
2
(kgf/cm )
5 08 0.27 1.40 11.20
7.5 08 0.40 1.30 10.40
10 09 0.54 1.20 10.08
12.5 10 0.68 1.13 11.30
15 11 0.81 1.05 11.55
17.5 12 0.95 1.02 12.24
20 15 1.08 0.97 14.55

Average corrected N-value = 11

Assume W’ = 0.5
qna = 0.6925×(N-3)×{(B + 30)/2B} 2× W'
(For maximum settlement of 50 mm)
= 0.6925× (11-3) × {(150 + 30)/ (2×150)} 2× 0.5 = 0.99 kg/cm2
2
Surcharge = 1.81/1000 × 120 = 0.217 kg/cm
Therefore, qga = 0.99 + 0.21 7
2
= 1.207 kg/cm

SHEAR CRITERION:
Soil properties: Average, ɸ = 28º (Local Shear)

c = 0.10 kg/cm2
ɸ'= tan-1(2/3 tanɸ)
= tan-1(0.67
tan28°) ɸ'= 19.52º
Nc'= 14.46 Nq’ = 6.16 Nγ' = 5.18

6
 The shape, depth and Inclination factors are:

Sc= 1+0.2B/L = 1.13 dc=1+(0.2×D/B)×√Nϕ = 1.26 ic = 1.00

Sq= 1+0.2B/L = 1.13 dq=1+(0.1×D/B)√Nϕ = 1.13 iq = 1.00

Sγ= 1-0.4B/L = 0.73 dγ=1+(0.1×D/B)√Nϕ = 1.13 iγ = 1.00

qnu = 2 /3cNc'scdcic + q(Nq'-1)sqdqiq + 0.5γBNγ'sγdγiγW'
qnu = 2/3 ×0.08×14.46×1.13×1.26×1+(1.81/1000)×120×(6.61- 1)×1.13×1.13×1

+ 0.5×150×(1.81/1000) ×5.18 ×0.73×1.11×1×0.5

qnu = 1.1+1.43+0.29
2
= 2.82 kg/cm
qns = 2.82/2.5

= 1.13 kg/cm2

qgs = 1.13 + (1.81/1000) × 120

= 2
1.35 kg/cm

7
8
 REPORT OF SOIL INVESTIGATION CONDUCTED AT THE
LOCATION FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF ITI AT PUNHANA IN
MEWAT

Geotechnical investigation of soil formations at the site for the construction of ITI at
Punhana in Mewat were conducted in the month of January, 2015. The field
investigation consisted of making Boreholes at the site, taking out soil samples and
conducting standard penetration test at various elevations inside the boreholes. The
samples, so collected were subjected to laboratory testing.

SITE: Construction of ITI at Punhana in Mewat.

GROUND WATER TABLE: The position of ground water table is as shown in the
enclosed bore logs.

BORING OPERATIONS: Four Boreholes each of 20 feet depth were made in all at
various locations. Initially Boreholes were advanced for short depth by using post hole
auger. A casing pipe was pushed in and driven by slow frequent rotation to avoid
excessive disturbances. As the casing advanced, the soil materials within the casing was
removed. The undisturbed soil samples were drawn by pushing thin walled steel tubes
into the Boreholes. The samples were taken below the bottom of casing after cleaning
the Boreholes of any loose material at all elevations. Immediately after collecting
undisturbed samples, these were marked and sealed using sealing wax.

ESTIMATION OF ALLOWABLE BEARING PRESSURE: The stability of a

foundation depends upon the safety of soil against the following:
1. Its failure in shear (associated with plastic flow of soil material underneath
the foundation and lateral expulsion of soil underneath the foundation).
2. Excessive vertical displacement, or settlement caused by process of
consolidation of the soil under the foundation (elastic and plastic deformation).
Therefore, in order not to endanger the structure, these are two independent foundation
stability criterion, which must be met simultaneously. These criterion being
i. There should be adequate safety against shear failure within the soil mass, and
ii. The probable differential and maximum settlement of the soil, viz: foundation
must be limited to safe, tolerable and acceptable magnitudes.
In the present report, the estimation of allowable bearing pressure has been made on the
basis of above two criterion.

9
 FOR PROPOSED ITI AT PUNHANA

Type of foundation : Open foundation

Depth of foundation : 150 cm
Size of foundation : 180 cm × 240cm

SETTLEMENT CRITERION:

Depth(feet) SPT, N value Effective N-value Corrected N-

Overburden correction CN value, CN×N
(kgf/cm2)
5 6 0.27 1.50 9.00
7.5 9 0.40 1.25 11.25
10 12 0.53 1.20 14.40
12.5 12 0.67 1.15 13.80
15 12 0.8 1.05 12.16
17.5 14 0.94 1.01 14.14
20 16 1.07 0.98 15.68

Average corrected N-value = 13

Assume W' = 0.5
2
qna = 0.6925×(N-3)×{(B + 30)÷2B} × W'
(for maximum settlement of 50 mm)
= 0.6925×(13 - 3)×(0.340) ×0.5

= 1.18 kg/cm2
Surcharge = 1.78/1000 ×150
= 0.27
Therefore, qga = 1.18 + 0.27
2
= 1.45 kg/cm
FOR SHEAR CRITERION:
Soil properties: Average, ɸ = 26° (Local Shear)

c = 0.10 kg/cm2
-1
ɸ' = tan (2/3 tanɸ)
-1 0
= tan (0.67 tan26 )
= 18.000

10
NC’ = 13.06 Nq’ = 5.24 Nγ’ = 4.05

The shape, depth and inclination factors are:

Sc= 1+0.2B/L= 1.15 dc =1+ (0.2×D/B)×√Nϕ = 1.23 ic = 1.00

Sq= 1+0.2B/L= 1.15 dq =1+ ( 0.1×D/B)√Nϕ = 1.12 iq = 1.00
Sγ= 1-0.4B/L=0.7 dγ=1+ (0.1×D/B)√Nϕ = 1.12 iγ = 1.00

qnu = cNc’scdcic + q(Nq’-1)sqdqiq + 0.5γBNγ’sγdγiγ

=
0.1×13.06×1.15×1.23 + 1.78/1000 ×150× (5.24-1)× 1.15×1.12×1
+ 0.5 x 1.78/1000 × 180 ×4.05×1.1
=
1.23 + 1.45 + 0.73
=
3.41 kg/cm2

qns = 3.41/2.5
= 1.36 kg/cm2
qgs = 1.36 + 1.78/1000×150
2
= 1.63 kg/cm

11
 Borehole No.1

BD
DepthSoil SPT ‘N’ Triaxial test LL & Sieve analysis percent
below Description results &
ground Type value GWT PL
level in % DBD Gravel Coarse Medium Fine Silt
feet ɸ c gm/cc Sand sand sand &
Deg. clay
2
kg/cm

25 75
06 - - -
5 26 0.10 P 1.83 - - - 40 60
1.78
12 - - - 45 55
ML Sandy silt
10 30 0.10 P - - - 50 50
12 10 - -- 40 50
15 32 0.10 P 05 - - 45 50
16 - - 42 58
20 34 0.10 P - - - 46 54

BOREHOLE DATA AND SOIL PROPERTIES AT THE SITE

FOR CONSTRUCTION OF PROPOSED ITI AT PUNHANA IN MEWAT

Borehole No. 2
Sieve analysis percent
Triaxial test
Depth Soil BD &
results
below Type Description SPT ‘N’ GWT DBD
ground value
level LL
ɸ c gm/cc Silt
in & Gravel Coarse Medium Fine &
2
feet Deg. kg/cm PL sand sand sand clay
%

- - - 16 84
07
5 26 0.12 P 1.83 30 - - 10 60
1.78
13 05 - - 30 65
ML Sandy silt
10 30 0.00 N - - - 42 58
14 - - - 40 60
15 32 0.00 NP - - - 42 58
18 - - 44 56
20 34 0.00 NP - - - 46 54

BORE HOLE DATA AND SOIL PROPERTIES AT THE SITE

FOR CONSTRUCTION OF PROPOSED ITI AT PUNHANA IN MEWAT

12
 BOREHOLE DATA AND SOIL PROPERTIES AT THE SITE
FOR CONSTRUCTION OF PROPOSED ITI AT PUNHANA IN MEWAT

Borehole No.4
Triaxial test Sieve analysis percent
Depth Soil results BD &
below Type Description SPT ‘N’ GWT DBD
ground value gm/cc Silt
level LL Gravel &
in ɸ c & Coarse Medium Fine
clay
feet Deg. kg/cm
2
PL sand sand sand
%

- - - 16 84
07
5 26 0.12 P 1.83 30 - - 10 60
1.78
13 05 - - 30 65
ML Sandy silt
10 30 0.00 N - - - 42 58
14 - - - 40 60
15 32 0.00 NP - - - 42 58
18 - - 44 56
20 34 0.00 NP - - - 46 54

BORE HOLE DATA AND SOIL PROPERTIESAT THE SITE

FOR CONSTRUCTION OF PROPOSED ITI AT PUNHANA IN MEWAT

13
REPORT OF DETAILED INVESTIGATION OF SOIL CONDUCTED AT THE
LOCATION FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF ASHTADASH VIBHUTI MANDIR
COMPLEX AT KURUKSHETRA

Geotechnical investigation of soil formations at the site for the construction of Ashtadash
Vibhuti Mandir Complex at Kurukshetra were conducted by department of Civil
Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra. The field investigations consist
of making Boreholes at the site, taking out soil samples and conducting standard penetration
tests at various elevations inside the Boreholes. The samples, so collected were subjected to
laboratory testing.

SITE: Construction of Ashtadash Vibhuti Mandir Complex at Kurukshetra.

GROUND WATER TABLE: The position of GWT is as shown in the enclosed bore logs.

BORING OPERATIONS: Two Boreholes of varying depth were made in all at various
locations. Initially Boreholes were at advanced for short depth by using post hole auger. A
casing pipe was pushed in and driven by slow frequent rotations to avoid excessive
disturbance. As the casing advanced, the soil material within the casing was removed. The
undisturbed soil sample were drawn by pushing thin walled steel tubes into the Boreholes.
The samples were taken below the bottom of casing after cleaning the Boreholes of any loose
materials at all elevations. Immediately after collecting undistributed samples, these were
marked and sealed using sealing wax.

DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS:

For designing the foundation system, the following parameters are required:
(a) Suitable type of foundation on which the proposed super-structure can be supported.
(b) Depth of these foundations, and
(c) Allowable bearing pressure at the foundation level corresponding to various footing sizes.

FOR CONSTRUCTION OF BLOCK-1 (MAIN BLOCK) OF ASHTADASH VIBHUTI

MANDIR COMPLEX AT KURUKSHETRA

TYPE OF FOUNDATION:
Type of foundation to be adopted for a particular structure depends upon the loading intensity at
the foundation level and the configuration of the loading points.
Considering the anticipated loads, proposed block-1 (main block) can be supported over bored
cast-in-situ pile foundations.

14
CALCULATION OF BORE HOLE DATA :

Depth(ft) Soil Description GWT ϒ (gm/cc) N σ'(kg/c CN N' N”

2
type m)
2.5 1.9 16 .1426 1.850 29.60 -

7.5 1.92 30 .428 1.220 36.60 36.60

SANDY
12.5 ML SILT 1.91 24 .713 1.080 25.92 25.92
WITH
GRAVEL
17.5 1.88 24 .998 1.002 24.048 24.048

25 1.88 28 1.426 .880 24.64 24.64

35 1.86 17 1.997 .794 13.498 13.498

45 1.88 24 2.568 .698 16.752 16.752

SM
55 1.92 28 3.138 .620 17.36 17.36
SILTY
SAND
65 1.92 32 3.70 .592 18.944 18.944

80 1.92 32 4.565 .480 15.36 15.18

Average Corrected N- value = 21

PILE FOUNDATION:
Type of foundation to be adopted for a particular structure depends upon the loading intensity at the
foundation level and the configuration of the loading points.Considering the
anticipated loads, proposed block can be supported on bored cast insitu pile foundations.

DEPTH OF FOUNDATION:
Piles will rest at about 15m below top G.L. Length of piles may be increased or decreased inorder
to achieve lower or higher pile capacity values.

PILE CAPACITIES:
For reducing the load carrying capacities of these piles, reference has been made to IS: 2911
Part 1/ Sec 2.
Type of foundation: Pile foundation
Diameter of pile: 50cm

15
CALCULATIONS:

Calculations are furnished as follows;

Type of pile: Bored cast-in-situ pile

Trial 1
Effective length of the pile: 12m
Following soil properties have been used for calculations:
2
Ap : Cross sectional area of the pile stem at toe level = 1963.49 cm
D : stem diameter = 50 cm
As : surface area of the stem = 188495.56 cm2
γ : Effective unit weight of soil at pile toe level =1.86×10-3 kgf/ cm2 ϕ : Angle
of shear resistance of soil = 30° c : cohesion = 0 kg / cm2
Nq : Bearing capacity factor = 22.14
Nγ : Bearing capacity factor = 22.40
K : Earth pressure coefficient = 1.5
δ : Angle of wall friction = Angle of shear resistance of soil
Qu : Ultimate bearing capacity of the pile
Pd : Effective overburden pressure at pile toe = 2.232 kgf/cm2
Pdi : Effective overburden pressure for the layers with i varying from 1 to n

Qu = Ap (cNc + 0.5D γ Nγ + PdNq) + (ΣK Pdi tanδ Asi + αcAsi) Point

bearing capacity:
= Ap(cNc + 0.5D γ N γ + PdNq)

= 1963.49 (0.5 × 50 × 1.86 × 10-3 × 22.40 + 2.232 × 22.14)

= 99073.93 kgf

Skin frictional capacity:

=
(ΣK Pdi tanδ Asi + α c Asi) with i varying from 1 to n P di
-3 2 0
= 0 + 1.86 × 10 × 1200 / 2 = 1.116 kgf/ cm δ = 30

K.Pdi.tanδAsi = 1.5 × 1.116 × tan ( 300 ) ×188495.56 = 182178.009 kgf

Total Pile Capacity = 99073.93 + 182178.009 = 281251.94 kgf = 281.251 tonnes

Qsu = 281.251 / 3 = 93.75 tonnes

Safe bearing capacity for L=12 m :- 93.75 tonnes

16
Trial 2
Effective length of the pile: 13m
Following soil properties have been used for calculations: Ap :
Cross sectional area of the pile stem at toe level = 1963.49 cm2
D : stem diameter = 50 cm
As : surface area of the stem = 204203.5 cm2
γ : Effective unit weight of soil at pile toe level =1.86×10-3 kgf/ cm2 ϕ :
Angle of shear resistance of soil = 32° c : cohesion = 0 kg / cm2 Nq :
Bearing capacity factor = 27
Nγ : Bearing capacity factor = 32.6
K : Earth pressure coefficient = 1.5
δ : Angle of wall friction = Angle of shear resistance of soil
Qu : Ultimate bearing capacity of the pile
2
Pd : Effective overburden pressure at pile toe = 2.418 kgf/cm
Pdi : Effective overburden pressure for the layers with i varying from 1 to n

Qu = Ap (cNc + 0.5D γ Nγ + PdNq) + (ΣK Pdi tanδ Asi + αcAsi) Point

bearing capacity:

= Ap(cNc + 0.5D γ N γ + PdNq)

-3
= 1963.49 (0.5 × 50 × 1.86 × 10 × 32.6 + 2.418 × 27)
= 131164.86 kgf

Skin frictional capacity:

=
(ΣK Pdi tanδ Asi + α c Asi) with i varying from 1 to n P di
-3 2 0
= 0 + 1.86 × 10 × 1300 / 2 = 1.209 kgf/ cm δ = 32

K.Pdi.tanδAsi = 1.5 × 1.209 × tan ( 320 ) ×204203.5 = 231403.52 kgf

Total Pile Capacity = 131164.86+ 231403.52 = 362568.38 kgf = 362.568 tonnes

Qsu = 362.568 / 3 = 120.85 tonnes

Safe bearing capacity for L=13 m :- 120.85 tonnes

17
Trial 3
Effective length of the pile: 14m
Following soil properties have been used for calculations:
2
Ap : Cross sectional area of the pile stem at toe level = 1963.49 cm D :
stem diameter = 50 cm
2
As : surface area of the stem = 219911.48 cm
γ : Effective unit weight of soil at pile toe level =1.86×10-3 kgf/ cm2 ϕ :
Angle of shear resistance of soil = 32° c : cohesion = 0 kg / cm2 Nq :
Bearing capacity factor = 27
Nγ : Bearing capacity factor = 32.6
K : Earth pressure coefficient = 1.5
δ : Angle of wall friction = Angle of shear resistance of soil
Qu : Ultimate bearing capacity of the pile
Pd : Effective overburden pressure at pile toe = 2.604 kgf/cm2
Pdi : Effective overburden pressure for the layers with i varying from 1 to n

Qu = Ap (cNc + 0.5D γ Nγ + PdNq) + (ΣK Pdi tanδ Asi + αcAsi) Point

bearing capacity:
= Ap(cNc + 0.5D γ N γ + PdNq)

= 1963.49 (0.5 × 50 × 1.86 × 10-3 × 32.6 + 2.604 × 27)

= 141025.50 kgf

Skin frictional capacity:

=
(ΣK Pdi tanδ Asi + α c Asi) with i varying from 1 to n P di
-3 2 0
= 0 + 1.86 × 10 × 1400 / 2 = 1.302 kgf/ cm δ = 32
0
K.Pdi.tanδAsi = 1.5 × 1.302 × tan ( 32 ) ×219911.48 = 268373.33 kgf
Total Pile Capacity = 141025.50 + 268373.33 = 409398.83 kgf = 409.398 tonnes
Qsu = 409.398 / 3 = 136.46 tonnes

Safe bearing capacity for L=14 m :- 136.46 tonnes

18
Trial 4
Effective length of the pile: 15m
Following soil properties have been used for calculations: Ap :
Cross sectional area of the pile stem at toe level = 1963.49 cm2
D : stem diameter = 50 cm
2
As : surface area of the stem = 235619.45 cm
γ : Effective unit weight of soil at pile toe level =1.86×10-3 kgf/ cm2 ϕ : Angle
of shear resistance of soil = 32° c : cohesion = 0 kg / cm2 Nq : Bearing
capacity factor = 27
Nγ : Bearing capacity factor = 32.6
K : Earth pressure coefficient = 1.5
δ : Angle of wall friction = Angle of shear resistance of soil
Qu : Ultimate bearing capacity of the pile
Pd : Effective overburden pressure at pile toe = 2.79 kgf/cm2
Pdi : Effective overburden pressure for the layers with i varying from 1 to n

Qu = Ap (cNc + 0.5D γ Nγ + PdNq) + (ΣK Pdi tanδ Asi + αcAsi) Point

bearing capacity:

= Ap(cNc + 0.5D γ N γ + PdNq)

-3
= 1963.49 (0.5 × 50 × 1.86 × 10 × 32.6 + 2.79 × 27)
= 150886.15 kgf

Skin frictional capacity:

=
(ΣK Pdi tanδ Asi + α c Asi) with i varying from 1 to n P di
-3 2 0
= 0 + 1.86 × 10 × 1500 / 2 = 1.395 kgf/ cm δ = 32
0
K.Pdi.tanδAsi = 1.5 × 1.395 × tan ( 32 ) ×235619.45 = 308081.648 kgf
Total Pile Capacity = 150886.15 + 308081.648 = 458967.798 kgf = 458.967 tonnes
Qsu = 458.967 / 3 = 152.98 tonnes

Safe bearing capacity for L=15 m :- 152.98 tonnes

19
RECOMMENDATIONS:
The recommended values of allowable bearing pressure for the construction of Ashtadash
Vibhuti Mandir Complex at Kurukshetra is

Type of foundation Pile load capacity

(tonnes)
Pile 12 m 13 m 14 m 15 m
Foundation 50
cm depth 93.750 120.856 136.466 152.989
tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes

The above values would need modifications if type of foundation, depth and width of
foundation as assumed in the report are different than the adopted values.

20
 BOREHOLE DATA AND SOIL PROPERTIES
AT THE SITE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF ASHTADASH VIBHUTI MANDIR
COMPLEX AT KURUKSHETRA
21
 BOREHOLE DATA AND SOIL PROPERTIES
AT THE SITE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF ASHTADASH VIBHUTI MANDIR
COMPLEX AT KURUKSHETRA
22
REPORT OF DETAILED INVESTIGATION OF SOIL CONDUCTED AT THE
LOCATION FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY OVER BRIDGE AT
GANAUR, DISTRICT SONEPAT

Geotechnical investigation of soil formations at the site for the construction of Railway Over
Bridge, Sonepat were conducted by department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of
Technology, Kurukshetra. The field investigations consist of making Boreholes at the site,
taking out soil sample sand conducting standard penetration tests at various elevations inside
the Boreholes. The samples, so collected were subjected to laboratory testings.
SITE: Construction of Railway Over Bridge at Ganaur, Sonepat.

GROUND WATER TABLE: The position of GWT is as shown in the enclosed bore logs.

BORING OPERATIONS: Six Boreholes of varying depth were made in all atvarious
locations. Initially Boreholes were at advanced for short depth by using post hole auger. A
casing pipe was pushed in and driven by slow frequent rotations to avoid excessive
disturbance. As the casing advanced, the soil material within the casing was removed. The
undisturbed soil sample were drawn by pushing thin walled steel tubes into the
Boreholes. The samples were taken below the bottom of casing after cleaning the Boreholes
of any loose materials at all elevations. Immediately after collecting undistributed samples,
these were marked and sealed using sealing wax.
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS:

For designing the foundation system, the following parameters are required:
(a) Suitable type of foundation on which the proposed super-structure can be supported.
(b) Depth of these foundations, and
(c) Allowable bearing pressure at the foundation level corresponding to various footing sizes.

TYPE OF FOUNDATION:

PILE FOUNDATION: Type of foundation to be adopted for a particular structure depends

upon the loading intensity at the foundation level and the configuration of the loading points.
Considering the anticipated loads, proposed block can be supported on bored cast-in-situ pile
foundations

DEPTH OF FOUNDATION: Piles will rest at about 15m below top G.L. Length of piles
may be increased or decreased in order to achieve lower or higher pile capacity values.

PILE CAPACITIES: For reducing the load carrying capacities of these piles, reference has
been made to IS:2911 Part 1/ Sec 2.
Type of foundation: Pile foundation Diameter of pile : 100cm
23
Depth of foundation: 15m

Calculations:

Calculation are furnished as follows

Type of pile = bored cast in situ pile
Pile stem diameter = 100cm
Following properties have been used for calculation :
2
Ap Cross sectional area of pile stem at toe level 7853 cm
As Surface area of stem
-3 2
γ1 Effective unit weight of soil at level 1 1.74x 10 kgf/cm
γ2 Effective unit weight of soil at level 2 1.76x 10-3kgf/cm2
φ Angle of shear resistance of soil 20o
2
C Cohesion 0.15 kg/cm
K Earth pressure coefficient for sandy silt 1
K Earth pressure coefficient silty sand 1.5
δ Angle of wall friction = angle of shear resistance
of soil
Qu Ultimate bearing capacity of pile
Pd Effective overburden pressure at pile toe
Pdi Effective overburden pressure for the layers with i
varying from 1to n
Nc Bearing capacity factor from IS 2911 part 1 sec. 2 9
Nq Bearing capacity from IS 2911 part 1 sec. 2 fig. 1 6.25
Nr Bearing capacity factor from IS 6403 5.39

Trial 1
Effective length of pile = 12m
Equation for calculating pile capacity is given by

Qu = Ap(cNc + 0.5D γ N γ + PdNq) + (∑KPditanδAsi + αcAsi)

(From fig 1 appandix A & B IS2911 PART 1 SEC.
2)

Pd = effective overburden pressure at pile toe = γ D

=
1.74x10-3 x 240 + 1.76 x 10-3 x 960
= 2
2.11kgf/cm

24
Point bearing capacity = Ap(cNc + 0.5D γ N γ + PdNq)

= 7853.98(0 + .5x100x1.76x10-3x5.39 + 6.25x2.11)

= 107060.87kgf
Skin friction
a. for Sandy Silt layer:
length = 2.4m
-3
Pdi = γ D/2 = 1.74x10 x240/2
2
= 0.2088kgf/cm
0
Skin friction resistance = KPditanδAsi = 1x.2088xtan24 x x100x240
= 7009.30kgf
b. for Silty Sand:
length = 12-2.4 = 9.6m
2
Effective overburden pressure at top of soil = 0.42kgf/cm
Effective overburden pressure at bottom of soil = γ D
-3 -3
= 1.74x10 x240 + 1.76x10 x960
2
= 2.11kgf/cm
Avg. effective overburden pressure = (0.42+2.11)/2 = 1.26kgf/cm2
0
Therefore, KPditanδAsi = 1.5x1.26xtan28 x x100x960
= 304523.23kgf
Total skin friction capacity = 7009.30 + 304523.23
= 311532.53kgf
Total pile capacity = 107060.97 + 311532.23 = 418593.5kgf
= 418.593 tonnes
Safe pile capacity Qs = Qu/FOS = 418.593/3
= 139.53 tonnes.

25
Trial 2
Effective length of pile = 13m
Equation for calculating pile capacity is given by

Qu = Ap(cNc + 0.5D γ N γ + PdNq) + (∑KPditanδAsi + αcAsi)

(From fig 1 appandix A & B IS2911 PART 1
SEC. 2)

Pd = effective overburden pressure at pile toe = γ D

=
1.74x10-3 x 240 + 1.76 x 10-3 x 1060
= 2
2.2832kgf/cm
Point bearing capacity = Ap(cNc + 0.5D γ N γ + PdNq)

= 7853.98(0 + .5x100x1.76x10-3x5.39 +
6.25x2.2832) = 115801.59kgf

Skin friction
a. for Sandy Silt layer:
length = 2.4m

Pdi = γ D/2 = 1.74x10-3x240/2

= 0.2088kgf/cm2
0
Skin friction resistance = KPditanδAsi = 1x.2088xtan24 x x100x240
= 7009.30 kgf
b. for Silty Sand:
length = 13-2.4 = 10.6m

Effective overburden pressure at top of soil = 0.42kgf/cm2

Effective overburden pressure at bottom of soil = γ D
-3 -3
= 1.74x10 x240 + 1.76x10 x1060
2
= 2.2832kgf/cm
Avg. effective overburden pressure = (0.42+2.2832)/2 = 1.16248kgf/cm2

Therefore, KPditanδAsi = 1.5x1.16248xtan280x x100x1060

= 308749.91kgf
Total skin friction capacity = 7009.30 + 308749.91
= 315759.217kgf

26
Total pile capacity = 115801.5944 + 315759.217
= 431560.804kgf
= 431.560 tonnes
Safe pile capacity Qs = Qu/FOS = 431.560/3
= 143.85 tonnes.

Trial 3
Effective length of pile = 14m
Equation for calculating pile capacity is given by

Qu = Ap(cNc + 0.5D γ N γ + PdNq) + (∑KPditanδAsi + αcAsi)

(From fig 1 appandix A & B IS2911 PART 1
SEC. 2)

Pd = effective overburden pressure at pile toe = γ D

=
1.74x10-3 x 240 + 1.79 x 10-3 x 1140 + 1.82x10-3 x 20
= 2
2.494kgf/cm

Point bearing capacity = Ap(cNc + 0.5D γ N γ + PdNq)

-3
= 7853(9x0.15 +.5x100x1.78x10 x5.39 + 6.25x2.494)
= 136777.2716kgf

Skin friction
a. for Sandy Silt layer:
length = 2.4m
-3
Pdi = γ D/2 = 1.74x10 x240/2
2
= 0.2088 kgf/cm

0
Skin friction resistance = KPditanδAsi = 1x.2088xtan24 x x100x240
= 7009.30 kgf
b. for Silty Sand:
length = 14-2.4-0.2 = 11.4m
Effective overburden pressure at top of soil = 0.4176kgf/cm2

27
Effective overburden pressure at bottom of soil = γ D

= 1.74x10-3x240 + 1.79x10-3x1140

= 2.4582kgf/cm2
2
Avg. effective overburden pressure = (0.42+2.4582)/2 = 1.4379kgf/cm
0
Therefore, KPditanδAsi = 1.5x1.4379xtan28 x x100x1140
= 410723.007
kgf

c. for Sandy Silt: length = 0.2m c = 0.15 kg/cm2

Adhesion factor between soil and pile α = 1

Skin friction resistance = αcAsi = 1x0.15xπx100x20 =

942.477kgf

Total skin friction capacity = 7009.30 + 410723.007 + 942.477

= 418674.7848kgf
Total pile capacity = 136777.2716 + 418674.7848 = 555452.0516kgf
= 555.452 tonnes
Safe pile capacity Qs = Qu/FOS = 555.452/3
= 185.15 tonnes.

Trial 4
Effective length of pile = 15m
Equation for calculating pile capacity is given by

Qu = Ap(cNc + 0.5D γ N γ + PdNq) + (∑KPditanδAsi + αcAsi)

(From fig 1 appandix A & B IS2911 PART 1

SEC. 2)

Pd = effective overburden pressure at pile toe = γ D

=
1.74x10-3 x 240 + 1.79 x 10-3 x 1140 + 1.82x10-3 x 120
= 2
2.676kgf/cm

28
Point bearing capacity = Ap (cNc + 0.5D γ N γ + PdNq)
-3
= 7853(9x0.15 + .5x100x1.78x10 x5.39 + 6.25x2.676)
= 145710.0591kgf
b. Skin friction
a. for Sandy Silt layer:
length = 2.4m
-3
Pdi = γ D/2 = 1.74x10 x240/2
2
= 0.2088kgf/cm
Skin friction resistance = KPditanδAsi = 1x.2088xtan240x x100x240
= 7009.30kgf
b. for Silty Sand:
length = 15-2.4-1.2 = 11.4m

Effective overburden pressure at top of soil = 0.4176 kgf/cm2

Effective overburden pressure at bottom of soil = γ D

= 1.74x10-3x240 + 1.79x10-3x1140
2
= 2.4582kgf/cm
2
Avg. effective overburden pressure = (0.42+2.4582)/2 = 1.4379kgf/cm
0
Therefore, KPditanδAsi = 1.5x1.4379xtan28 x x100x1140
= 410723.007 kgf

c. for Sandy Silt:

length = 1.2m c

= 0.15 kg/cm2
Adhesion factor between soil and pile α = 1

Skin friction resistance = αcASI = 1x0.15xπx100x120 = 5654.866kgf

Total skin friction capacity = 7009.30 + 410723.007 + 5654.866

= 423389.173kgf
Total pile capacity = 145710.0591 + 423389.173 = 569099.232kgf
= 569.099 tonnes
29
Safe pile capacity Qs = Qu/FOS = 569.099/3
= 189.699 tonnes.

RECOMMENDATIONS:
1) Type of foundation: Board cast-in-situ piles
2) Depth of Foundation: effective length of piles ranging 12.0m to 15.0m
3)
Effective pile length (m) Pile capacity(tonnes)

12.0 139.53
13.0 143.85
14.0 185.15
15.0 189.69

30
 Bore hole No. 01
LL BD Sieve analysis
SPT Triaxial test Water & &
Description N results Content PL DB
value % % D
Φ C g/cc
2
DegKg/cm

04 - 01 - 33 64

5.0 ML Sandy Silt 09 26 0 NP 1.76 - 01 - 30 69

1.68
09 - - 02 32 66

10 09 26 0 NP 1.76 - 01 - 32 67
1.68
10.5 - - 01 81 18
15
1.80 - - 31 57 12
15 13 28 0 NP
1.72
09 - - 12 77 11

20 17 30 0 NP 1.82 - - 04 84 12
1.74

25 18 30 - - 09 82 09

30 18 30 0 NP 1.82 - - 07 79 14
1.74

35 20 04 26 28 34 08

40 24 32 0 NP 1.86 01 01 24 65 09
1.76

45 21 02 02 01 07 88

50 18 22 0.15 P 1.84 14 08 - 01 77
Sandy Silt 1.74
With Clay of
55 ML Low 18 04 08 02 05 81
-CL Plasticity
And Kankar
60 (Gravel) 19 32 0.16 P 1.84 05 04 02 08 81
1.74

65 20 04 03 01 09 83

04 06 01 05 84
70

BOREHOLE DATA AND SOIL PROPERTIES AT THE SITE FOR THE

CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY OVER BRIDGEAT GANAUR, DISTRICT
SONEPAT

31
 Bore Hole No- 02
LL BD Sieve analysis
SPT Triaxial test results Water & &
Description N content PL DB
value Φ C % % D
2
Deg Kg/cm g/cc

4.5 ML Sandy Silt 10 - 01 01 41 57

5.0 08 26 0 NP 1.77 - - - 84 16
1.69
10 - - - 79 21

10 SM Silty Sand 12 28 0 NP 1.80 - - 16 74 10

1.72
15 - - 16 77 07

15 18 30 0 NP 1.82 - - 04 88 08
1.74
20 - - 05 83 12

20 20 30 0 NP 1.84 - - 21 65 14
1.75

25 20 01 02 25 63 09

30 19 30 0 NP 1.83 - 02 25 65 08
1.72

35 22 - 01 15 79 05

40 26 32 0 NP 1.86 01 01 16 73 09
1.76

44.5
45 20 03 04 01 05 87

50 16 20 0.16 P 1.82 15 06 02 05 72
Sandy Silt 1.74
With Clay of
55 ML Low 16 03 09 02 04 82
-CL Plasticity
And Kankar
60 (Gravel) 17 22 0.16 P 1.83 06 04 01 08 81
1.74

65 18 02 03 01 10 84

04 03 01 09 83
70 18

BOREHOLE DATA AND SOIL PROPERTIES AT THE SITE FOR THE

CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY OVER BRIDGEAT GANAUR, DISTRICT SONEPAT

32
 Bore Hole No.- 03
SPT Triaxial test LL BD Sieve analysis
N results Water & &
Descriptionvalue content PL DBD
% % g/cc
Φ C
2
Deg Kg/cm

4.5 ML Sandy Silt 08 - - 01 43 56

5.0 08 26 0 NP 1.77 - - - 59 41
1.70
10 - - 09 85 06

10 SM Silty Sand 12 28 0 NP 1.80 - - - 81 19

1.72
13 01 - - 89 10

15 12 28 0 NP 1.80 - - 06 83 11
1.72
19 - - 03 85 12

20 21 30 0 NP 1.84 - - - 87 13
1.75

25 19 - - 08 84 08

30 22 30 0 NP 1.85 - - 06 88 06
1.75

35 22 02 02 18 66 12

40 23 32 0 NP 1.85 02 02 15 70 11
1.76

44.5
45 20 02 03 02 05 88

50 16 20 0.16 P 1.82 14 05 02 06 73
Sandy Silt 1.74
With Clay of
55 ML Low 17 04 08 02 05 81
-CL Plasticity
And Kankar
(Gravel)
60 18 22 0.16 P 1.84 05 04 02 08 81
1.75

65 17 03 03 02 08 84

04 03 02 08 83
70
BOREHOLE DATA AND SOIL PROPERTIES AT THE SITE FOR THE
CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY OVER BRIDGEAT GANAUR, DISTRICT
SONEPAT

33
 Bore Hole No.-04
Description SPT Triaxial test LL BD Sieve analysis
N results Water & &
value Content PL DB
Φ C Kg/cm2 % % D
Deg g/cc

ML Sandy Silt 07 - - 03 40 57

5.0 07 24 0 NP 1.76 - - 02 41 57
1.67
04 - 01 02 33 64
8.5
10 14 28 0 NP 1.80 - - 04 82 14
1.72
15 - - 04 82 14

15 17 30 0 NP 1.82 - - 03 83 14
1.74
15 - - 04 83 13

20 12 28 0 NP 1.80 - - 05 82 13
1.72

25 14 02 05 05 84 04
SM Silty Sand

30 15 28 0 NP 1.81 - - 04 77 19
1.73

35 18 01 01 20 73 05

40 20 30 0 NP 1.84 04 10 18 60 08
1.75

45 18 01 01 27 65 06
47

50 16 20 0.16 P 1.82 02 03 01 05 89
Sandy Silt 1.74
With Clay of
55 ML Low 18 10 08 02 02 78
-CL Plasticity
And Kankar
60 (Gravel) 20 22 0.18 P 1.84 - - 01 18 81
1.74

65 20 04 03 02 08 83

02 02 01 12 83
70

BOREHOLE DATA AND SOIL PROPERTIES AT THE SITE FOR THE

CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY OVER BRIDGEAT GANAUR, DISTRICT
SONEPAT

34
 Bore Hole No. 05

Description SPT Triaxial test LL BD Sieve analysis

N value results & &
Water PL DB
Content % D
Φ C % g/cc
2
Deg Kg/cm

ML Sandy Silt 08 - - - 45 55

5.0 08 24 0 NP 1.77 - - - 46 54
1.68
08 - - - 45 55
9.0
10 07 24 0 NP 1.76 - - 02 69 29
1.67
14 - - 01 75 24

15 12 28 0 NP 1.80 - - 01 83 16
1.72
13 - - 02 80 18

20 12 28 0 NP 1.80 - - 03 76 21
1.72

25 13 03 02 20 63 12
SM Silty Sand

30 13 28 0 NP 1.84 - 01 16 81 02
1.74

35 16 - - 17 80 03

40 20 30 0 NP 1.84 - - 16 74 10
1.75

45 18 01 03 34 55 07
46

50 17 22 0.15 P 1.83 06 20 03 05 66
Sandy Silt 1.75
With Clay of
55 ML Low 16 12 07 01 07 73
-CL Plasticity
And Kankar
60 (Gravel) 14 20 0.14 P 1.81 06 07 01 07 79
1.73

65 15 05 07 01 06 81

06 07 01 05 81
70

BOREHOLE DATA AND SOIL PROPERTIES AT THE SITE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF
RAILWAY OVER BRIDGEAT GANAUR, DISTRICT SONEPAT

35
 Bore Hole No. 06
Description SPT Triaxial test LL BD Sieve analysis
N value results Water & &
content PL DB
% % D
Φ C g/cc
2
Deg Kg/cm

06 - - 02 44 54
ML Sandy Silt
5.0 06 24 0 NP 1.74 - - 03 45 52
1.66
04 - - 01 48 51
8.0

10 08 24 0 NP 1.76 - - - 80 20
1.67
12 - - 06 82 12

15 12 28 0 NP 1.80 - - 01 83 16
1.72
15 01 01 02 74 22

20 12 28 0 NP 1.80 - - 01 84 15
1.72

25 10 - - 11 78 11
SM Silty Sand

30 12 28 0 NP 1.80 02 02 21 55 20
1.72

35 12 - - 16 75 09

40 18 30 0 NP 1.82 - - 15 75 10
1.74

45 16 - 02 30 58 10
46

50 Sandy Silt 15 20 0.15 P 1.82 05 18 04 06 67

With Clay of 1.74
Low
55 ML Plasticity 14 10 08 02 06 72
-CL And Kankar
(Gravel)
60 14 20 0.14 P 1.81 05 06 02 08 79
1.73

65 14 04 07 02 07 80

03 06 02 08 81
70

BOREHOLE DATA AND SOIL PROPERTIES AT THE SITE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY
OVER BRIDGEAT GANAUR, DISTRICT SONEPAT
36