SKEWNESS

AND KURTOSIS
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Data can be described using:

• Measures of central tendency

• Measures of variability
• Using its shape– the manner the
data are distributed
 If the data is
symmetrical, it has a
bell-shaped curve and
is normally distributed.
But, if it is not, it is
called:

• Asymmetrical or
• skewed
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POSITIVELY-SKEWED DISTRIBUTION
a. The distribution is skewed to the right if…
o Has a long tail extending off to the right but only a
short tail extending to the left.
o The mean is pulled to the right more than the median
which indicates positive skewness.
o Sk > 0
.
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NEGATIVELY-SKEWED DISTRIBUTION
a. The distribution is skewed to the left if…
o Has a long tail extending off to the left but only a
short tail extending to the right.
o A mean less than the median indicates negative
skewness.
o Sk < 0
.
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Normal Distribution or Symmetric Distribution

Curve
Normal mean = median = mode
Distribution

x = Md = Mo
or Sk = 0
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Positively skewed Distribution Curve

Positively (skewed to the right)
Skewed mean > median > mode
Distribution
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Negatively skewed Distribution Curve

Negatively (skewed to the left)
Skewed mean < median < mode
Distribution
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Skewness
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Coefficient of Skewness
Gives the direction and the amount of skewness using the
formula:

3 ( mean – Median)
◦ 𝑺𝑲 =
standard deviation
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In a distribution where the

Example 1 mean is 90, the median is
95 and the mode is 97 with
a standard deviation of 10,
find the coefficient of
skewness.
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Example 1
SK =3(90 – 95) / 10
Answer = 3 (-5) / 10
= - 1.5
Therefore, the distribution
is negatively skewed.
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Example 2
In a distribution where the
mean is 90, the median is
90.33 and the mode is 91
with a standard deviation
of 10, find the coefficient
of skewness.
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SK =3(90 – 90 1/3) / 10
Exercise 2 = 3 (-1/3) / 10
Answer
= - 1/10
= - 0.10
Therefore, the distribution is also
negatively skewed.
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Therefore, the distribution is

negatively skewed. If the two
Interpretation distribution is compared, we can
conclude that the first distribution w/
SK = -1.5 is more negatively skewed
than the second w/ SK = - 0.10. This
also means that there are more
smaller values in the first distribution
than the second.
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Example 3 In a distribution
whose mean is 50,
the median is 47, the
mode is 43 and
standard deviation
is 5, what is the
coefficient of
skewness.
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SK = 3(mean-median)/ standard deviation

Example 3
= 3 (50 – 47) / 5
Answer
= 3 (3) / 5
= 1.8
Therefore, the distribution is positively
skewed. Meaning, there are more higher
values than the smaller values
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When there are no extreme

Additional
values in a particular
Information direction so that low and
high values balance each
other, then SK = 0,
Therefore the distribution is
symmetrical.
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○ The degree of peakedness of the

Kurtosis curves is called kurtosis (K).

○ If K is < 3, the curve is platykurtic

○ If K = 3, the curve is mesokurtic
○ If K > 3, the curve is leptokurtic
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Kurtosis
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𝚺 𝑿−𝑿ഥ 𝟒
Formula in 𝑲= Ungrouped Data
finding K 𝑵𝒔𝟒

ഥ
𝚺𝒇 𝑿𝒎 − 𝑿 𝟒
𝑲= Grouped Data
𝑵𝒔𝟒
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Thank you !