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Lab#: 7
Title: Viscosity
Aim: To determine the coefficient of viscosity of a liquid by plotting the graph between the
Apparatus: A long wide glass tube of length about 1m and diameter 5 cm, steel balls of
Theory: A sphere falling through a viscous liquid is acted on by three forces viz, its own
weight acting vertically downwards and the forces of viscosity and buoyancy acting vertically
upwards. As the ball moves through the liquid, the viscous force increases and this force
together with the force of buoyancy balances the downward force. There after the ball moves
the ball and is the density of the given liquid. The above equation is called Stokes formula.
Rearranging and simplifying, Hence, g and are constants. Therefore is also a constant. A
graph drawn taking along x-axis and v along y-axis will be a straight line.
Procedure: The given tube was fixed vertically. Three marks A, B and C were made at
equal distances of about 30 cm from the top. A thistle funnel was placed over the mouth of
the tube so that its axis is along the axis of the tube. The tube was filled with the given
liquid. The diameters of the balls were measured using a screw gauge. The balls were
arranged in sets of equal diameters. The balls were soaked with the given liquid. Then, a
ball from any one set was dropped gently into the funnel. The ball moved down
Name: Daniel Kelly
progressively As it crossed A, a stop clock was started. The time to cross the marks B and C
were noted. If the time taken to pass through AB is equal to (nearly equal) the time taken to
pass through BC, the ball has attained terminal velocity on reaching A (Otherwise, the balls
from another set of smaller mass which would attain terminal velocity on reaching A has to
be used). Having divided the distance BC with the time interval, the terminal velocity was
calculated. The experiment was repeated with other balls of the same set and the mean value
of the terminal velocity (v) was found. Similarly, the terminal velocities of the balls from the
A graph is plotted taking r2 along the x-axis and v along the y-axis. Using the gradient
Results:
2. 7 0.42 7.42
2. 7 0.35 7.35
2. 5 0.69 5.69
2. 4 0.18 4.18
Name: Daniel Kelly
r2
From the graph, the mean value of v = 86.70
Please note: plot a graph of v against r (this will be a curve) (this is not involved in
calculation)
Also plot the graph of v against r2 (this graph will be a straight line and find the gradient of
r2
Also use the mean value of v to calculate coefficient of viscosity.