REAL TIME ABSENTEEISM USING FACE
ON RASPBERRY PI 3 WITH METHOD EIGENFACE
Hamzah Nursaufa
Schools of Informatics Engineering
STMIK LPKIA Bandung
Bandung, Indonesia
hnsaufa1996@gmail.com
Abstract— The technology to secure data and recognize users
is already a lot that has been developed such as passwords,
PINs or smart cards. However, this technology is deemed
ineffective because there are still many weaknesses. Biometric
techniques are considered the most effective option for
identifying users and safeguarding data. Face recognition is
one of several biometric techniques that are the current trend.
To improve the accuracy of Face recognition, a method is
needed. Eigenface is a method with higher accuracy values
than other methods.
Attendance system using Face recognition is the development
of an existing attendance system. The current system is by
attending attendance by calling one by one the student by the
lecturer concerned at the time the lecture takes place and the
system is deemed ineffective because it takes time during
lectures. Attendance with a real time system using face
recognition can automatically attend attendance by giving a
face image to the camera on Raspberry Pi. With the existence
of this system, it is considered capable of making time
attendance effective and maximizing lectures.
From this study it was found that the attendance system using
face detection can do 1 class attendance for 2 minutes 25
seconds so that during the attendance process, the lecturer
can prepare learning media and this makes the lecture time
more effective and maximal.
Keyword---Real Time, Absensi, Face Recognation,
Raspberry Pi, Eigenface.
I. INTRODUCTION
Mobile technology has become familiar in the ears of the
Indonesian people and every activity in the community cannot
be separated from this mobile technology. This is because the
size of mobile technology is relatively small so it is easy to carry
and its function greatly facilitates and supports various
activities. Mobile devices are certainly different from personal
computers clearly visible in the size and processing and storage
capacity of the device. Raspberry Pi is one type of mobile
Dandy Akhmad Rahadiansyah
Schools of Informatics Engineering
STMIK LPKIA Bandung
Bandung, Indonesia
dandy@lpkia.ac.id
technology that is developing in the current era. Raspberry Pi
can be used for electronic projects and can do many things like
a personal desktop computer. This device can be used to
identify and recognize users using biometric techniques.
Biometric techniques have become the most effective
choice for identifying users or data security. Many technologies
have been developed to recognize or secure data such as the use
of passwords, PINs, or smart cards. But the technology is still
considered ineffective because users can forget their password
or pin. Smart cards have many vulnerabilities that have
occurred and there are many cases reported. For example, the
doubling of chips and remote scanners for smart cards based on
RFID technology [1]. Data theft and duplication by
irresponsible parties can still be done so that data security is still
considered weak. Biometric technology offers identification of
users biologically so that users are facilitated without having to
remember passwords and carry anything. There are several
types identification systems in biometric technology that have
been successfully developed and become the current trend are
fingerprint-based security systems, hand recognition, face
recognition, retina scanning, and DNA scanning.
Face recognition is a system that is used to identify a
person's face automatically taken from a digital image or video
as the source. This system will detect the face using the camera
remotely and that person does not need to take any action so it
will be read and identified by the system. Face recognition can
detect faces of more than one in one digital image or video. A
variety of methods for face recognition were also developed to
obtain accurate recognition results such as eigenface, fisherface
and laplacianface which have different calculations and
obtained accuracy. The highest accuracy of eigenface reached
95.79%, fisherface reached 95.38% and laplacian face reached
91.59% [2].
Attendance system using face recognition is the
development of an attendance system that has been running in
STKIK LPKIA Bandung. Attendance that is done by calling
students one by one is less effective because it takes up time
when teaching and learning (teaching and learning activities)
take place and the lecture time is not optimal. Therefore the
author along with the supervisor conducts research on the
creation of attendance applications using face recognition on
moblie raspberry pi devices.
II. RELATED WORKS
According to [3] Real-time is a quantitative concept of time.
Real-time is measured using physical time (hours). When we
calculate time using physical time (hours), we must reach the
time specified.
Real time is a real time system, must provide the right
response with a predetermined time. If the response exceeds the Fig. 1 context diagram
time limit, then it is said that there is a degradation of
performance or system failure. Fig. 2 shows a DFD level 0 of the system. The design of
level 0 DFD describes the flow of data in the system.
An ideal face detector should be able to identify and find the
location and extent of all faces in an image regardless of pose,
scale, orientation, age, and expression [4].
III. PROPOSED APPROACH
The proposed approach has two platform bases. first to do
the attendance process using hardware raspbarry pi 3 which is
planted applications with python language and secondly for
administrators using a web base to input master data and see the
results of the attendance process.
III.1. System Design
Fig. 2 DFD level 0
Data Flow Diagrams (DFD) are images of information flow
involved in procedures (events) that contain in the system [5].
Data Flowivity system can be started with a Context Diagram III.2. Interface Design
that explains the relationship or interaction of the system with
Interface design consists the annual designs of the
entities that are related to the system.
applications as a standard when the production process is
In DFD there are 3 levels, namely: carried out.
III.2.1. Menu Structure
1. Context Diagram: describes a large circle that can
represent the entire process contained in a system. Is the
highest level in the DFD and is usually numbered 0 (zero).
All external entities shown in the context diagram are the
main data streams to and from the system. This diagram
does not contain data storage at all and looks simple to
create.

2. Zero Diagram (diagram level-1): is a large circle

representing the small circles in it. Represents the solution
from the Context diagram to the Zero diagram. in this
diagram contains data storage.

3. Detailed Diagram: is a diagram that describes what

Fig. 3 Designing Attendance Page Interface
processes are in the Zero diagram.
Fig. 2 This page shows the details of the Schedule selected
Fig. 1 shows a context diagram of the system. In the context based on the schedule id and displays a table containing the date
diagram of real time attendance using face on raspberry pi 3 when attendance / when teaching.
with eigenface method there are 3 external entities, namely:
Student, Lecturer and Admin.
 5. The fifth step calculates eigenvalue (λ) and
eigenvector (v)

6. The sixth step, after the eigenvector (v) is obtained, the

eigenface (µ) can be searched by:

Introduction stage:
1. A new face image or test face (ewnew), will be tried
Fig. 4 Attendance Page Interface Design to be identified, first apply the method at the first stage
of the eigenface calculation to get the eigenface value
Fig. 4 This page shows the data of students who are present of the image.
and not present who are selected based on the schedule ID.

III.2.2. Finding Barber using K-Means Clustering Method

The overall Eigenface algorithm is quite simple. The matrix 2. Use the Euclidean distance method to find the shortest
image (Γ) is represented in a set of matrices (Γ1, Γ2, ....., ΓM). distance between the eigenface value of the training
Look for the average value (Ψ) and use it to extract the image in the database with eigenface image test face.
eigenvector (v) and eigenvalue (λ) from the matrix set. Use the
eigenvector value to get the eigenface value from the image. If
there is a new image or test face (ewnew) you want to
recognize, the same process is also applied to the image (Γnew),
to extract the eigenvector (v) and eigenvalue (λ), then look for IV. IMPLEMENTATION
the eigenface value of the image test face (ewnew). After that,
The proposed system is implemented in pyhton language for
the new image (ewnew) enters the recognition stage using the
attendance applications planted on raspberry pi 3, php and html
euclidean distance method.
for API and Back End. The model used in software design is a
The full algorithm is: prototype model. Where is the list of activities that slide in
Table 1.
1. The first step is to prepare data by creating an S set that
consists of all image training (Γ1, Γ2, ..., ΓM). Table 1. Table of Implementation Implementation Matrix

2. The second step is to take the middle or mean (Ψ)

3. The third step then find the difference (Φ) between the
Training image (Γi) with the middle value (Ψ), if
found the value is below zero, replace the value with
zero. Resource needed in implementation such as hardware and
software can be described as follows:
Hardware Requirements
4. The fourth step is to calculate the value of the
covariance matrix (C). 1. Raspberry Pi 3 model 3B+
Software Requirements
1. raspbian stretch
2. Python 3 IDE
3. OpenCv 3.3.0
Fig 5. Used by administrators. This page shows the date data
from the attendance of certain subjects.
Fig. 5 Attendance Detail Page
Attendance data is obtained when students enter their face
image into the camera of the Raspberry Pi 3 module. When the
incoming face image will be extracted into the student's NRP
and the NRP will be searched in the database, whether the NRP
is in the class or not. if there is then the NPP data will be stored
in the attendance database.
Fig 6 shows how Raspberry Pi 3 captures and displays
student numbers.
Fig. 6 Face Detection on Raspberry Pi
V. EXPERIMENT RESULTS AND EVALUATION
Tests performed do not use white box testing because it requires
a relatively long time, where each module used is tested in detail
until the program structure has a high error detection rate. Then
the testing process uses a black box. Black box focuses on
software functionality without knowledge of the internal
structure of the program (source code).
Black box testing phase includes:
1. Unit testing, which is testing program units.
2. Integration testing, which is testing integrated groups
of units to form subsystems or systems.
3. Testing the system, which is testing the integration or
connectivity between sub-systems.
4. Acceptance testing, which is the final test before the
system is used by the user, involves testing with data
from system users.
5. Installation testing, which is a test carried out after the
system is installed.
The purpose of this test is to guarantee that the applications
built have reliable quality, which is able to represent the
principal studies of the specifications, analysis, design and
coding of the realtime system using face with the Raspberry Pi
itself.
Testing the effectiveness of time when attending attendance
by simulating a student absence of 10 people with each
student having 10 datasets, at a distance of 1 meter, the
confidence value> 110. detail of the tests can be seen in the
following table.
Table 2. Test Table based on time.
Based on the results of testing the table above, to process 10
students requires an average time (average = time / total time)
for 48 seconds with an average error rate of 7.4%.
VI. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
Based on the research and testing conducted, it was concluded
that the use of the Eigenface method in attendance applications
using faces can make student absences more effective in terms
of time. If you attend 10 students, it takes 48 seconds. Then to
attend 30 students (one class) can be estimated to take 2 minutes
25 seconds. This is certainly more effective than attendance by
calling students one by one which takes approximately 10
minutes.
However, this system still has the possibility of an error
occurrence where the system is wrong to identify faces with a
percentage error of 7.4% per 10 students.
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Informatika, 108-115.
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ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN METODE EIGENFACE,
FISHERFACE DAN.
[3] R Prasanth Kumar, A. D. (2005). Real-time optimal
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