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Groups that use sunscreen use SPF that varies according to the sunscreen that each
individual has. The lowest SPF used is SPF 28 with a percentage (3.2%) and the highest
SPF used is SPF 50 with a percentage (16.1%). SPF 30 is the most widely used SPF with a
percentage (32.2%). Other SPFs used were SPF 33 with percentages (6.4%), SPF 35, and
SPF 45 with the same percentages are (3.2%). These results indicate that the majority of
respondents chose to use SPF with high protection, which is 30 as recommended for people
living in tropical or subtropical climates. .
(20)
Svobodova et al. in 2011 comparing MDA levels between mice given exposure to ultraviolet
radiation with control rats that were not exposed to ultraviolet radiation. The results showed that
MDA levels in rats exposed to ultraviolet radiation were higher than control rats. Ultraviolet light
(8)
itself is sunburn spectrum which can damage the structure and composition of cell membranes.
Continuous damage without repairs can cause oxidative stress conditions. (33)
The statistical results with the T test (independent) give a significant number of 0.444
where the number is greater than the value of p (0.05) so it can be concluded that there is no
significant difference in MDA levels between groups using sunscreens and groups that do not
use sunscreen. This may be due to the group using sunscreen in December, which is known
as rainy season, so the intensity of ultraviolet light entering the earth is not that much and the
effect of using sunscreen is difficult to assess. The research conducted by Yong Dae Kim, et
al. In Korea, 2017,it was proved that the use of sunscreen is quite effective in preventing
oxidative stress. Yong Dae Kim conducted his research in July and August, where ultraviolet
light exposure was very large during that month. (10)
Using sunscreens that are used appropriately every day can make sunscreens function
optimally. The right use is to use sunscreen regularly and pay attention to the SPF content
used. Most people use a small amount of sunscreen. The amount used never reaches more
than 60% of the amount that should be needed so that the SPF can work optimally (11,13)
CONCLUSION
The results of this study can be concluded that there is no effect of using sunscreen on
plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in Medical Student that uses motorcycle as their
transportation. Plasma MDA levels in the group using sunscreen were lower than those who did
not use sunscreen.
REFERENCES
7. WHO. Ultraviolet Radiaton and The Intersun Program, Sun Protection [Internet].
2017 [cited 2018 Jan 8]. Available from: http://www.who.int/uv/sun_protection/en/
9. Vilela FMP, Oliveira FM, Vicentini FTMC, Casagrande R, Verry Jr WA, Cunha TM, et al.
Commercial Sunscreen Formulations: UVB Irradiation Stability and Effect on UVB
Irradiation-Induced Skin Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol.
2016; 163: 419.
10. Kim YD, Yim DH, Eom SY, Lee JY, Kim H. The Effect of Sunblock Against Oxidative
Stress in Farmers: A Pilot Study [Internet]. The Journal of Biomedical Research. 2017 [cited
2018 Jul 1]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5548995/pdf/jbr-
31-04-344.pdf
11. PY Apriliyani. Relationship Between the Use of Sunscreen with the Degree of Severity
of Melasma (MASI Score) in Women in the District Grogol-Sukoharjo [Internet]. 2017 [cited
2018 Dec 20]. Available from: http://eprints.ums.ac.id/50227/28/NASKAH PUBLIKASI.pdf
12. Poon T, Barneston R. The Importance of Using Broad Spectrum Sunscreens SPF 30+
in Tropical and Subtropical Climates. [Internet]. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed.
2002 [cited 2018 Sep 5]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12390671
13. Hidayat SA. Effect of Sumbawa Honey on Protease Activity and Malondialdehyde
Levels (MDA) in Diazinon-induced Jejunum White Mouse (Rattus norvengicus) [Internet].
2018 [cited 2018 Dec 20]. Available from: http://repository.ub.ac.id/13879/1/Sayfuddin Arief
Hidayat.pdf