Kieselgurh-naturally occurring,

amorphous silicic acid of fossil

origin-known as diatomaceous earth-
purified by elutriation, drying,
ignition with/without addn. of alkali
chlorides or carbonates-product of
less activity & large pore vol.-suitable
for partition chromatography-gypsum
added as binder-denoted as
kieselgurh G
Silicates
Mg silicate-used for sepn. of sugars &
derives. terpenes-shows alkaline pH
of 8-10-brand name Florisil-surface
area 300 sq.m./gm.-Talc-amineral of
compn. Mg(Si4O10)(OH)10-used for
sepn. of FA
Ca silicate-pptated. & hydrated
product contg. 15% H2O-termed as
Silene EF-sepn. of sugars
Phosphates-tricalcium phosphate-
sepn. of proteins & MG
Gypsum-CaSO4-FA & glycerides,
carbohydrates, electrophoretic sepn.
of iodates & periodates
Salts of heteropoly acids-ammonium,
8-hydroxyquinolinium & pyridinium
salts of dodecamolybdo-phosphoric,
-arsenic, -silicic, -germanic, -tungstic,
-tetraboric acids-sepn. of alkali ions,
fission products of uranium
Mixed adsorbents-silica G+alumina G
-sepn. of sugars- silica G+kieselgurh
G-sepn.of herbicides, antioxidants,
steroids, carbohydrates
Organic adsorbents
Cellulose dervs.-sepn of hydrophilics-
amino acids, nucleic acids sugars
Normal cellulose powder-presence of
numerous OH grs.-hydrophilic
properties-i)native fibrous,
ii)microcrystalline-brand Avicel-sepn.
of carbohydrates & phosphates
Acetylated cellulose powder-suitable
for reversed-phase TLC-ester upto
triacetate-increase esterification
increase hydrophobicity-
transformation from aq. to organic
nonpolar stationary phase-acetates
soluble in organic solvents-suitable
for lipophilics-polynuclear aromatics,
anthraquinone dyes, antioxidants,
cutin acids, sweeteners, rhodamine
derives.
Cellulose ion-exchange powder-
column chromatographic sepn.
proteins, enzymes, & numerous
biochemicals-native cellulose with
ether or ester linkages-degree of
etherification-products with varying
aq. solubilities
Starch-strongly hydrophilic-suitable
for reversed phase
Sucrose & mannitol-chloroplast
pigments sepn.
Dextran gels-Sephadex-modified
dextran of bacterial origin-works on
size-exclusion principle-strongly
hydrophilic-swells to gel in water &
electrolyte soln.-sepn. of proteins,
peptides, enzymes, hormones, nucleic
acids
Polyamides-structure as shown-strong
H-bond formation-Perlon-
polycaprolactam-Nylon-
polyhexamethylenediamine adipate-
sepn. of phenols, carboxylic acids,
nitro compds.
Ion-exchangers in TLC-
polyelectrolytes of high m.wt.-mono-,
& polyfunctional, strongly acidic
synthetic resins-posses –SO3 strongly
acidic, _COO weakly acidic,
_N(CH3)2 strongly basic, NH4
weakly basic groups-occur in various
forms e.g. H+, Na+,Cl, NO# etc.
Dowex-1, Dowex-50, Amberlite IR
120-commercial products