A Detailed Lesson Plan in

Technology and Livelihood Education

Carpentry

I. Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
a. identify the different kinds of joinery;
b.value the different types of joinery;
c. demonstrate how to make the different types of joinery.

II. Subject Matter

a. Topic: Joinery- Wood Joints
b. Time Allotment: 4 hrs
c. Materials: projector, laptop,
d. Reference: THE III CIVIL TECHNOLOGY pp. 45-6

III. Learning Procedure

Teacher’s Activity Students’ activity
Good afternoon class!
Good afternoon Ma’am!
a. Review
Before we proceed to our next topic, lets
us have a recall about our last topic. What
is a batter board again?
It is the act or fact of elevating or being
elevated.
Very good! What are the two types of a
batter board?
The two types of batter board are batter
boards for foundation posts and batter
boards for the foundation walls.
Great! What is the use of a batter board?
Batter boards are then used to hold layout
lines to indicate the limits (edges and
corners) of the foundation.
Very good!
b. Motivation
Before we finally start to our discussion,
let us have a simple activity first. What
you are going to do is to identify the
pictures that I will be showing you. Are
you ready?

Butt joint
 Miter joint

Cross Halving Joint

Dado joint

Rabbet joint

Good job class!

c. Unlocking Difficulties
Class, what are those pictures?
Those are joineries. Those pictures show
the different kinds of wood joints.
Very good! What is joinery?
Joinery is the art of making wood joints.
It is the process of putting together the
parts of a piece of project with the use of
some devices such as metal fastening and
their attachments.
Very good!
d. Pre-Laboratory
What is a butt joint?
A butt joint is a technique in which two
pieces of wood are joined by simply
placing their ends together without any
special shaping.
Very good! In addition to that, a butt
joint is the simplest joint to make since it
merely involves cutting the wood to the
appropriate length and butting them
together. And it is also the weakest
because unless some form of
reinforcement is used. It relies upon glue
alone to hold it together.
Another type of joinery is the dowel
joint. What is a dowel joint?
Dowels are round wooden pins of small
diameter used to strengthen joint.
Very good! This joint is very simple in
construction but it is not easy to make.
Since this type of joinery is not easy to
make, what should a beginner use before
any practical work?
Before beginner uses it in practical work,
he should try it on two pieces of scrap
lumber.
Very good! What is a miter joint?
Miter joint is a joint made by beveling
each two parts to be joined, usually at a
45v degree angle, to form a corner
usually a 90 degree.
That’s right! What is the disadvantage of
a miter joint?
The disadvantage of a miter joint is its
weakness but it can be strengthened with
a spline.
Great! What are the two common
variations of splined miter joint?
There are two common variations of
splined
Miter joint, one is where the spline is
long and runs the length of the mating
surface and another where the spline is
perpendicular to the joined edges
Perfect! What is the use of a miter joint?
The miter joint is used when the end
grain must be concealed. For accurate
mitering, use a miter box with a stiffed
box saw, or an improvised miter box.
Very good! What is a rabbet joint?
A rabbet is L-shaped, cut along the edge
or end of a piece of wood. It becomes a
rabbet joint when a piece of wood is
butted into it.
Great! Where is rabbet joint commonly
used?
This type of joint is commonly used for
 drawer and book case construction.
Very good! Another kind of joinery is
dado joint. What is dado?
Dado housing or trench is a slot or trench
cut into the surface of a piece of
machineable material, usually wood. It is
also a groove cut across the grain of a
piece of wood. When another piece is
fitted into this recess, a dao joint is made.
Great! Where does dado joints commonly
used?
Because of its strength, a dado is used in
constructing drawers, shelves, bookcases,
and stepladders.
Perfect! What is a lap joint?
A lap joint is a joint in which the
member overlap. A lap joint may be full
lap or half lap
That is right! What is the difference
between full and half lap?
In a full lap, no material is removed from
either of the members to be joined,
resulting in a joint which is the combined
thickness of the two members, while in
half joint, material is removed from both
of the members so that the resulting joint
is the thickness of the thickest and half
the thickness of each is removed.
Excellent! What is a dovetail joint?
A dovetail joint is a special type of lap
joint is shaped like the tail of dove.
That’s right! Why did they call this
joinery as a dovetail?
They call this joinery a dove tail because
it is recommended for its beauty and
strengthen in treasure box or chest
construction
Great! What is mortise and tenon?
Mortise and tenon joint is a type of joint
that connects two pieces of wood or other
material.
Correct! Why does mortise and tenon are
highly recommended in furniture and
cabinet making?
In furniture and cabinet making, mortise
and tenon joints is being the strongest of
wood joints are highly recommended as
they lend durability, strength, and beauty.
Excellent. Now, you are all ready to start
your activity for today.
e. Activity Proper
Class, before we start with the activity,
let me check first the tools and materials
that I told you to bring?

You are all now ready and prepared. You

may now begin class.

What are you going to make?

Butt joint
Nice. What are the procedures that you
are going to do to make a but joint?
1. Square the end of a piece of board
which is butted against the flat
surface of another surface of
another piece.
2. Mark the exact location of the
joint on the surface that will meet
the square end.
3. Choose the best fastener. It may
be nails, screws, dowels, or
corrugated metals.

That’s right! from the fasteners that you

have mentioned, what fastener are you
going to use?
The nails.
Great! How will you fasten the materials
using nails?
By driving the nails until the points are
barely through the first piece.
Excellent! What would be the last thing
to do?
Place the pieces to be assembled in their
proper position, drive the nails into the
other piece which is being butted, and use
a try square to test the squareness of the
joint.
Very good! You may now continue what
you are doing. I’ll come back to you
later.
How about you? What are you doing?
I just finished measuring the width of the
material. And lay out the measurement at
the end of the surface of the material.
Great! What kind of joinery are you
going to make?
Miter joint
That’s nice! What is your next step in
able to make a miter joint?
On the measurement indicated, square a
line across the surface of the material.
And the last step would be drawing a
diagonal line across the surface,
connecting the two opposite corners.
Great! What kind of joinery is that?
Rabbet joint
Great! You are done squaring dimension
the pieces of wood to be joined and
placed the two piece in their proper
position. You already marked the
location of the rabbet with a pencil. What
is the next thing you’ll do?
 On the mark, square a line across
the surface of the piece of wood
to be rabbeted. Extend the line
across the edge of the piece.
 Mark the depth of the rabbet on
the edge and on the end with a
marking gauge or pencil.
 Place the piece to be rabbeted
horizontally in a vise. Saw on the
waste side of the marked line to
the depth of the rabbet
 Place the piece vertically in the
vise. Cut on the waste side of the
gauge line until the surplus stock
is removed.
 Fill the two pieces for a trial
assemblage. If necessary pare the
edge of the rabbet with a chisel.
 Lastly, assemble both pieces of
the rabbet joint. Put glue on the
face and edge of the rabbet. Hold
the joint with nails or screws
Great! It seems that you really know
what you are doing. Just continue.
How about you? What are you doing?
Lap joint
Great! What have you done already?
I just finished squaring lines across the
surface of both pieces using a pencil and
try square.
Very good! What is the next thing you’ll
do?
With a try square, extend the mark lines
on the edges of both pieces
Excellent! I’ll come back to you later and
sees what you have finished.
What are you doing now?
Cutting away the waste stock with a
chisel. Then next step is to saw off the
shoulders on both sides. Saw the waste
stock off the tail
Great! after sawing off the shoulders on
both sides, what will be your next step?
 Place the wail over the other piece
where the joint is to be located.
Trace the tail on the other piece
with a sharp pencil. Straighten the
lines with the edge of the blade of
a try square or with the use of
sliding T-level square.
 Saw the waste side on the line up
to the notch previously gauged
.make a few more cuts inside the
marked lines to make chiseling
easier.
  Chisel away the waste stock
 Assemble the joints with glue and
nails. Use a clamp for better
fitting.
Great! Continue what you are doing. Just
call me if you need help or ask
something. And how about you? What
are you doing?
I will just pare the sides of the mortise.
And after pairing the sides I will make
the tenon.
Great! Do you know the procedure in
making a tenon?
Yes Ma’am!
 First is to lay out the tenon on the
rail according to the desired
dimension. The mortise gauge
used in marking the woidth of the
mortise is also used in marking
the thickness of the tenon. The
tenon should be a little shorter
than the depth of the mortise. The
width of the tenon should be
equal to the length of the mortise.
 Fasten the piece vertically in a
vise and cut the tenon with a back
saw. Saw on the waste side of the
line.
 Place the rail horizontally in a
vise or on a bench hook. Cut the
shoulders of the tenon. Continue
until the surplus stock is removed.
 Layout and mark the width of the
tenon. Place the rail vertically in
the vise. Saw off the surplus up to
the shoulder of the tenon. Place
the rail horizontally in the vise.
Saw off the surplus stock from the
shoulder.
 Fix the sides of the tenon by
paring off the uneven parts with a
chisel
 Make a trial assemblage of the
mortise and tenon pieces. The
pieces should fit snugly without
being driven.
 Remove the tenon from the
mortise. Put glue on the side
shoulders. Fit the tenon into the
mortise. Make the final
assemblage by gluing, clamping,
and nailing.
f. Post-Laboratory Discussion
What can you tell about our activity?
When we are looking the sample pictures
you showed us, I thought it was that easy
 but when we already try it, we realized
that it is not that easy to make wood
joints. But we still enjoyed it.
Very good! I’m happy to hear that.
g. Generalization
What is the importance of joinery or
wood joints?
The importance of joinery is to solve
storage problems and creates a smart
clean look. It is also important especially
in doing furniture, cabinets, etc
Very good!

IV. Assessment

CRITERI EXCELLE GOOD FAIR UNDEVELOP NON-

A FOR NT 4 pts 3 pts ED COMPLIAN
JUDGIN 5pts 2 pts CE
G 1 pt

Job The projects One of the Two or The project was Student did
Complianc layouts, following more of the complete but not complete
e design, criteria following had less than project in time
finish, and needs criteria satisfactory on period given,
overall improveme needs layout, design, refused to
appearance nt. (layout, improveme finish or overall start project or
was design, nt. (Layout, appearance. abandoned
excellent. finish or design, project once
overall finish or started
appearance overall
) appearance.

Demonstra Students Student is Student is Student is not Student lacked

te know and is able to unable to available to interest in
Knowledg able identify identify identify or both identify demonstrating
e of and explain and explain explain and explain knowledge of
process necessary necessary concepts major project and/or
theories/ theories/tas without theories/task. process.
task for k for major Uses others
completion completion prompting. view to explain
of the of the Requires the task on own
project project adult for any of steps
.relies on with some assistance
own assistance. to get job
memory Uses own done. Uses
skills to get words to very little
task done. describe vocabulary
task. to describe
the task.

Time Routinely Used time Procrastinat Was unable to Student

Manageme used well fairly well ed adequately meet showed no
nt throughout throughout somewhat timeline due to interest in
the project the project. but did get inability. completing
to get the job the job project on
done on done on time.
 time. time.

Applicatio Student Student Student Student failed Student was

n of Safety followed all followed attempted to follow a not safe
Practices safety rules most safety to follow significant enough to
rules, may safety rules number of enter/participa
have but failed to safety rules. te in class.
forgotten meet
one. several.

Clean up Student Student Students Student Student did

routinely mostly performed performed their not perform
followed followed their required clean their clean up
through on through on required up duties less duties
their daily daily clean clean up than 50 percent
clean up up. duties more of the time.
assignment. than 50
percent of
the time,
but less
than 75
percent of
the time.

V. Assignment

Review for the fourth periodical examination