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210 210 Bahan ajar ini dibuat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bahan bacaan bagi para
mahasiswa Jurusan Teknik Mesin Universitas Andalas yang berdasarkan
kepada pengalaman penulis serta merujuk kepada beberapa buku standar
seperti tercantum berikut ini:

ENGINEERING MECHANICS
/1/. Beer, F.P.; Johnston, E.R.
DYNAMICS Mechanics for Engineer: Dynamics, 5th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 2008
/2/. Meriam, J.L.; Kraige, L.G.
2 2 Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics, 6th. Ed., John Wiley, 2008.
/3/. Hibbeler, R.C.
Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics, 12 Ed., Prentice Hall, New Jersey,
Mulyadi Bur
2010.

Bahan ajar ini dipakai di lingkungan sendiri dan disediakan secara gratis bagi
Structural Dynamics Laboratory
peserta kuliah Dinamika Partikel TMS-210 yang dapat diunduh dari portal
ANDALAS UNIVERSITY akademik.
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210 Uniform Rectilinear Motion 210 Uniformly Accelerated Rectilinear Motion
Uniformly accelerated motion acceleration = constant
Uniform rectilinear motion
v t
dv
acceleration = 0 = a = constant ∫ dv = a ∫ dt v − v0 = at
dt v0 0
velocity = constant
v = v0 + at
2 dx 2
= v = constant dx
x t

dt dt
= v0 + at ∫ dx = ∫ ( v0 + at ) dt
x0 0
x − x 0 = v0 t + 12 at 2
x t
x = x 0 + v 0 t + at
∫ dx = v ∫ dt
1 2
2

x0 0
(v 2 − v02 ) = a(x − x0 )
v x
Also: dv
= a = constant ∫ v dv = a ∫ dx 1
x − x0 = vt v
dx v0 x0
2

x = x0 + vt v 2 = v02 + 2a( x − x0 )
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210 Motion of Several Particles: Relative Motion 210 Sample Problem 11.4

• For particles moving along Ball thrown vertically from 12

the same line, m level in elevator shaft with
displacements should be initial velocity of 18 m/s. At
measured from the same same instant, open-platform
origin in the same direction. elevator passes 5 m level
2 2 moving upward at 2 m/s.
xB = x B − x A = relative position of B
A
with respect to A
xB = x A + xB A Determine (a) when and
where ball hits elevator and
vB = v B − v A = relative velocity of B
A (b) relative velocity of ball and
with respect to A
vB = v A + vB A elevator at contact.

a B A = a B − a A = relative acceleration of B
with respect to A
aB = a A + aB A
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210 Sample Problem 11.4 210 Sample Problem 11.4
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
• Ball: uniformly accelerated rectilinear
• Ball: uniformly accelerated motion motion.
(given initial position and velocity). m  m
v B = v0 + at = 18 −  9.81 2  t
• Elevator: constant velocity (given s  s 
2 initial position and velocity) 2 y B = y0 + v0 t + 12 at 2
 m  m
• Write equation for relative position = 12 m + 18  t −  4.905 2  t 2
 s   s 
of ball with respect to elevator
and solve for zero relative
position, i.e., impact. • Elevator: uniform rectilinear motion.
m
• Substitute impact time into vE = 2
s
equation for position of elevator
 m
and relative velocity of ball with y E = y 0 + v E t = 5 m +  2 t
 s
respect to elevator.
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210 Sample Problem 11.4 210 Motion of Several Particles: Dependent Motion

• Relative position of ball with respect to elevator: • Position of a particle may depend on position of one

( )
yB E = 12 + 18t − 4.905t 2 − (5 + 2t ) = 0
t = −0.39 s (meaningless )
2 t = 3.65 s
• Substitute impact time into equations for position of
elevator and relative velocity of ball with respect to
elevator.
or more other particles.
• Position of block B depends on position of block A.
Since rope is of constant length, it follows that sum
of lengths of segments must be constant.
2 x A + 2 x B = constant (one degree of freedom)
• Positions of three blocks are dependent.
2 x A + 2 x B + xC = constant (two degrees of freedom)

y E = 5 + 2(3.65) • For linearly related positions, similar relations hold

y E = 12.3 m between velocities and accelerations.

= (18 − 9.81t ) − 2
dx A dx dx
vB E 2 + 2 B + C = 0 or 2v A + 2v B + vC = 0
dt dt dt
= 16 − 9.81(3.65) dv A dv B dvC
m
vB E = −19.81 2 +2 + = 0 or 2a A + 2a B + aC = 0
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210 Applications 210 Sample Problem 11.5

2 2

Pulley D is attached to a collar which is pulled down at 3 in./s. At t =

0, collar A starts moving down from K with constant acceleration and
zero initial velocity. Knowing that velocity of collar A is 12 in./s as it
passes L, determine the change in elevation, velocity, and
acceleration of block B when block A is at L.
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210 Sample Problem 11.5 210 Sample Problem 11.5
• Pulley D has uniform rectilinear motion.
SOLUTION: Calculate change of position at time t.
• Define origin at upper horizontal surface with x D = ( x D )0 + v D t
positive displacement downward.
 in. 
x D − ( x D )0 =  3 (1.333 s ) = 4 in.
• Collar A has uniformly accelerated rectilinear  s 
2 motion. Solve for acceleration and time t to 2
reach L. • Block B motion is dependent on motions of
collar A and pulley D. Write motion
v A2 = (v A )02 + 2a A [x A − ( x A )0 ] relationship and solve for change of block B
position at time t.
2
 in.  in.
12  = 2a A (8 in.) aA = 9 2 Total length of cable remains constant,
 s  s x A + 2 x D + x B = ( x A )0 + 2( x D )0 + ( x B )0

v A = (v A )0 + a At
[x A − ( x A )0 ] + 2[x D − ( x D )0 ] + [x B − ( xB )0 ] = 0
in. in. (8 in.) + 2(4 in.) + [x B − ( x B )0 ] = 0
12 =9 2t t = 1.333 s
s s x B − ( x B )0 = −16 in.
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210 Sample Problem 11.5 210 Graphical Solution of Rectilinear-Motion
Problems
• Differentiate motion relation twice to
develop equations for velocity and
acceleration of block B.

x A + 2 x D + x B = constant
2 v A + 2v D + v B = 0 2
 in.   in. 
12  + 2 3  + v B = 0 vB = −18
in.
 s   s  s

a A + 2 a D + aB = 0 • Given the x-t curve, the v-t curve is

 in.  a B = −9
in. equal to the x-t curve slope.
 9 2  + aB = 0 s2
 s 
• Given the v-t curve, the a-t curve
is equal to the v-t curve slope.
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210 Graphical Solution of Rectilinear-Motion 210
Other Graphical Methods
Problems
• Moment-area method to determine particle
position at time t directly from the a-t curve:
x1 − x0 = area under v − t curve
v1
= v0t1 + ∫ (t1 − t )dv
v0
2 2
using dv = a dt ,
v1
x1 − x0 = v0t1 + ∫ (t1 − t ) a dt
• Given the a-t curve, the change in velocity between t1 v0
and t2 is equal to the area under the a-t curve between v1

t1 and t2. ∫ (t1 − t ) a dt = first moment of area under a-t

v0 curve with respect to t = t1 line.
• Given the v-t curve, the change in position between t1
x1 = x0 + v0t1 + (area under a-t curve)(t1 − t )
and t2 is equal to the area under the v-t curve between
t1 and t2. t = abscissa of centroid C
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210
Other Graphical Methods

• Method to determine particle acceleration

from v-x curve:
dv
a=v
2 dx
= AB tan θ
= BC = subnormal to v-x curve

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