ARI QUESTION BANK

Q1. Define Archimedes Principle.

Ans.: Is a law of physics stating that the upward force (buoyancy) exerted on a body immersed in a fluid is
equal to the weight of the amount of fluid the body displaces. In other words, an immersed object is
buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces.
Q2. What is the Law of Floatation?
Ans.: Law of floatation states that when a body is fully or partially immersed in a fluid, its weight is equal
to the weight of fluid displaced.
Q3. Why does food cook faster in a pressure cooker?
Ans.: Food cooks faster in a pressure cooker because the internal pressure and temperature are maintained
throughout cooking time. Since the pot is sealed, the liquid in the pot are allowed to rise to a higher
temperature before boiling. Find out more here.
Q4. What are the different types of Lenses?
Ans.: These are the different types of Lenses:
1. Prisms: The simplest kind of lens is actually a prism. A prism is a piece of glass shaped like a triangle
and bends light towards its thickest part (the bottom of the “triangle”), which is called the base. The
thinnest part of a lens is called the apex.
2. Convex lenses: are known as many names,
being also called positive lenses, plus lenses
converging lenses, and condensers. Convex
lenses are fat in the middle and skinny on the
edges.

3. Concave Lenses: Opposite to convex lenses,

a concave lens is skinny in the middle and wide on
the outside Concave lenses also have many names.
They include negative lenses, minus lenses, and
diverging lenses.

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ARI QUESTION BANK

More complex are aspheric lenses. These are lenses where one or both surfaces have a shape that is
neither spherical nor cylindrical. Such lenses can produce images with much less aberration than standard
simple lenses. These in turn evolved into freeform (digital/adaptive/corrected curve) spectacle lenses
Q5. What is the difference between Concave and Convex mirror?
Ans.: A convex mirror bulges out. A concave mirror curves inward. For a convex mirror, light rays are
reflected to meet at a point, while, for a concave mirror, light rays seem to be reflected from a point. If the
incident rays were paraxial, the reflected rays are reflected to meet at, or appear to be reflected to a point
referred to as the focal point of the lens. For a convex mirror, the focal point is real, while, that of a
concave lens is virtual.
Q6. Which mirror is used in the door, or side view mirror of a vehicle?
Ans.: Door mirror, or side mirror is a mirror found on the exterior of motor vehicles for the purposes of
helping the driver see areas behind and to the sides of the vehicle, outside of the driver's peripheral vision
(in the 'blind spot'). Because of the distance from the driver's eye to the passenger side mirror, a useful
field of view can only be achieved with a convex or aspheric mirror. Non-planar mirrors are etched or
printed with the warning legend OBJECTS IN MIRROR ARE CLOSER THAN THEY APPEAR.
Q7. Which mirror is used in the top view mirror in a vehicle?

Ans.: A rear-view mirror is a mirror in automobiles and other vehicles, designed to allow the driver to
see rearward through the vehicles (rear windshield or windscreen). A prismatic rear-view mirror —
sometimes called a "day/night mirror" — can be tilted to reduce the brightness and glare of lights, mostly
for headlights shining directly on the eye level at night. This type of mirror is made of a piece of glass that
is wedge-shaped in cross section—its front and rear surfaces are not parallel.
Q8. What is Prime Meridian?
Ans.: The prime meridian is the vertical line that marks the zero degree longitude measurement on the
globe of Earth. The line intersects the latitude lines that are horizontal. Not every globe has the same
prime meridian measurement, but most measure the earth’s prime meridian as a line that passes through
England, France, Spain, Togo, and down to Antarctica. Longitude measurements like the prime meridian
are also a way to evaluate time. Each space between a longitude measurement represents approximately
one hour’s time. Hence if one were to travel from the prime meridian to the next longitude line, which

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advances one 15 degrees, there would be a difference of approximately one hour in terms of
measurements by the sun. There has been some debate about where the prime meridian properly belongs.
Currently the measurement for the prime meridian is based on a decision in 1884. The decision was
greatly influenced by shipping lines that already had marked the prime meridian as such.
Q9. What is G.M.T.?

Ans.: Greenwich, England has been the home of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) since 1884. GMT is
sometimes called Greenwich Meridian Time because it is measured from the Greenwich Meridian Line.
The Greenwich Meridian (Prime Meridian or Longitude Zero degrees) marks the starting point of every
time zone in the World. GMT is Greenwich Mean (or Meridian) Time is the mean (average) time that the
earth takes to rotate from noon-to-noon.GMT is World Time and the basis of every world time zone
which sets the time of day and is at the centre of the time zone map. GMT sets current time or official
time around the globe. Most time changes are measured by GMT. Although GMT has been replaced by
atomic time (UTC) it is still widely regarded as the correct time for every international time zone.
Q10. What are Equinoxes?
Ans.: They are the two times during the year, one in March and the other in September, when the sun
passes directly over the equator. At these times periods of daylight and night time are of virtually the same
length all over the globe, except for very near the poles. The Spring Equinox is the first day of spring
season and occurs when the sun passes the equator moving from the southern to the northern hemisphere.
The North Pole begins to lean toward the sun again. The Autumn Equinox is the first day of the autumn
season and occurs when the sun passes the equator moving from the northern to the southern hemisphere.
The North Pole begins to tilt away from the sun.
Q11. Name seven important Sea-Ports of India?
Ans.: Kolkata, Paradip, Visakhapatnam, Chennai, New Mangalore, Port Mormugao, J.N.P.T.
Q12. What are the major Sea-Routes of the world?
Ans.: Shipping routes can be divided into three main groups:
(1) East-West trades, which circle the globe in the Northern Hemisphere linking the major industrial
centers of North America, Western Europe and Asia;
Trans-Pacific route, Asia-Europe route, Northern Europe–Japan, East Asia and the

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ARI QUESTION BANK

Mediterranean, and between India and all parts of Europe,

(2) North-South trades articulating around major production and consumption centers of Europe, Asia
and North America, and linking these centers with developing countries in the Southern Hemisphere;
(3) Intraregional trades operating in shorter hauls and with smaller ships.
Intra-Asian cargo flows between nine major Asian economies: Hong Kong, China, Indonesia, Japan,
Malaysia, the Philippines, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Chinese Taipei and Thailand.
Q13. What are the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn?
Ans.: The Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn each lie at 23.5 degrees latitude. The Tropic of
Cancer is located at 23.5° North of the equator The Tropic of Capricorn lies at 23.5° South of the equator

The tropics are the two lines where the sun is directly overhead at noon
on the two solstices - near June and December 21.

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ARI QUESTION BANK

Q14. What is T.I.R.?

Ans.: Total Internal Reflection is an optical phenomenon that happens when a ray of light strikes a
medium boundary at an angle larger than a particular critical angle with respect to the normal to the
surface. If the refractive index is lower on the other side of the boundary and the incident angle is greater
than the critical angle, no light can pass through and all of the light is reflected. The critical angle is the
angle of incidence above which the total internal reflection occurs.
Q15. What is a Mirage?
Ans.: Mirages, also called illusions, are caused by a reflection of some distance object which allows you
to think that it is close by. In physics, it is known as an optical illusion. The more common type of mirage
is called inferior mirage. It happens when a refraction of light passes through the atmosphere layers with
varying qualities. Distance objects may seem to be raised above or below their normal locality. These
objects may be seen as irregular and fantastic shapes.
Q16. What is I.P.L.?
Ans.: The Indian Premier League (IPL) is a professional league for Twenty20 cricket championship in
India. It was initiated by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI).
Q17. Who is the Sponsor of I.P.L.?
Ans.: The chief sponsor is DLF Limited.
Other sponsors are: Citibank, Hero, Coca Cola, Airtel, and Volkswagen.
Q18. On which principle are Day and Night based?
Ans.: The Earth rotates on an axis, making one full rotation every 24 hours. Different sides of the Earth
are exposed to the sun during the course of these 24 hours, with half of the planet being exposed to sun
while the other half is deprived of light. It is this rotation that causes day and night.

Q19. What is International Date Line?

Ans.: An imaginary line on the Earth's surface that
is internationally agreed upon as the place where
each new calendar day begins. The line extends from
the North to the South Pole through the Pacific Ocean,
roughly along the 180th meridian. The calendar day
to the east of the line is one day earlier than it is to
the west of the line. The International Date Line was
established at the International Meridian Conference in
1884 in order to standardize time, especially for the
purpose of travel.

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ARI QUESTION BANK

Q20. How does one calculate time difference between two countries?
Ans.: The earth has 360 imaginary lines called longitudes or meridians running vertically between the
poles. Each of these longitudes is called a degree. The 0 degree longitude passing through Greenwich,
near London, is considered as standard and the time of all other time zones are calculated accordingly.
The time difference between each longitude (each degree) is 4 minutes. So if it is 12 noon at Greenwich (0
degree), it would be 12:04 pm at 1 degree meridian and so on. In India, the standard meridian is 82-and-
half degree. So the time difference between Greenwich and India is 82.5 x 4, which is 330 minutes (5
hours 30 minutes).
Q21.Name important Canals of the World.
Ans.
1.Panama Canal - ship canal in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean (via the Caribbean Sea) to the
Pacific Ocean. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama.
2. Suez Canal – is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the
Red Sea.
Q22. Name important Straits of the World.
Ans.
1. Straits of Hormuz- strategically important strait between the Gulf of Oman in the southeast and
the Persian Gulf. On the north coast is Iran and on the south coast is the United Arab Emirates and
Musandam, an exclave of Oman.
2. Malacca Straits - stretch of water between the Malay Peninsula (Peninsular Malaysia) and the
Indonesian island of Sumatra.
3. Palk Straits - is a strait between the Tamil Nadu state of India and the Mannar district of the
Northern Province of the island nation of Sri Lanka. It connects the Bay of Bengal in the northeast
with the Palk Bay and thence with the Gulf of Mannar in the southwest.
4. Bering Straits - is a 53 mile long sea strait between Cape Dezhnev, Chukotka Autonomous
Okrug, Russia, the easternmost point (169°43'W) of the Asian continent and Cape Prince of Wales,
Alaska, USA, the westernmost point (168°05'W) of the North American continent.
It lies slightly south of the polar circle at approximately 65°40'N latitude.

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ARI QUESTION BANK

Q23. Name important international sea ports.

Ans. 1. Rotterdam in Europe,
2. Houston North America, Singapore,
3. Dubai, Shanghai in China,
4. Hong Kong port in China,
5. Port of New York – North America.
Q24. How can we mathematically represent cross product of vectors axb?
Ans. a x b = | a | | b | sinθ
Q25. How can we mathematically represent cross product of vectors a.b ?
Ans. a . b = | a | | b | cosθ
Q26. Difference between like and unlike vectors. Difference between co-initial vector and
coterminous vectors.
Ans. Like vectors are ones with same sense of direction, while unlike vectors have opposite sense of
direction. Co-initial vectors have same initial points, while Coterminous vectors have same terminal
points.
Q27. Differential formula.
Ans. d/dx (Sin x) = Cos x
d/dx (Cos x) = - Sin x
d/dx (tan x) = 1/cos2x = Sec2 x
d/dx (xn) = nxn-1
d/dx (sec x) = secx.tan x
Q28. Integration formula
∫ Sin x. dx = Cos x +c
∫ Cos x. dx = sin x + c
∫ 1/Cos2x . dx = tan x + c
Q29. (1, -2) will appear in which Quadrant? Options: I , II , III or IV
Ans. IV
Q30. Volume of a cylinder
Ans.= π r2 h
Q31. Volume of a sphere
Ans. 4/3 π r 3
Q32. What is the surface area of a sphere
Ans. 4π r2
Q33. What is the surface area of a cylinder
Ans. 2 π r.h
Q34. What is the surface area of a cylinder
Ans. Base + lateral area = π r 2 + π rh