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2. The nature of information needed by the researcher for the purpose could be
broadly classified under three heading :
a.Background information of the organization that is, the contextual factors.
b.Managerial philosophy, company policies, and other structural aspects.
c.Perceptions, attitudes, and behavioral responses of organizational members
and client systems (as applicable)
4. yes it should, knowing that the research is intended to help them in their work
environment will enlist their cooperation.
5. How would you go about doing literature survey in the area of business ethics?
8. “The problem definition stage is perhaps more critical in the research process
than the problem solution stage”. Discuss this statement.
8. because at this stage there are clear ,precise, and succirct statement of the
question or issue that is to be investigated with the goal of finding an answer or
solution.
9. Why should one get hung up on problem definition if one already knows the
broad problem area to be studied?
9. because that the broad problem area refers to the entire situation where on
sees a possible need for research and problem solving.
10. Access the on-line system in your library and (a) generate list of the
reference that relate to the performance of General Motors, and (b) obtain the
abstracts of these studied.
10. General Motors Company, also known as GM, is a United States based
automaker with headquarters in Detroit, Michigan. By sales, GM ranked as the
largest U.S. automaker and the world's second largest for 2008.GM had the third
highest 2008 global revenues among automakers on the Fortune Global 500.GM
manufactures cars and trucks in 34 countries, recently employed 244,500 people
around the world, and sells and services vehicles in some 140 countries.
11. Access the on-line system and obtain list of reference that deal with product
image.
12. Offer a clearly focused problem statement in the broad area of corporate
culture.
13. the researcher could start the literature survey even as the information from
the unstructured and structured interviews is being gathered. reviewing the
literature on the topic area at this time helps the researcher to focus the
interviews more meaningfully on certain aspects found to be important in the
published studies, even if these had not surfaced during the interviews.
14. given the following situation. (a) identify the broad problem area, (b) define
the problem, and (c) explain how you would proceed further.
2. Explain the preliminary data-collection methods.
1. What are the basic research design issues? Describe them in some detail.
2. Why are the basic design issues important to consider before conducting the
study and even as early as the time of formulating the research question?
3. Is a field study totally out off the question if one is trying to establish cause and
effect relationship?
3. No, because if we do field studies, we must create questions and these
questions form the exact cause and effect relationship.
5. Because the unit of analysis refers to the level of aggregation of the data
collected during the subsequent data analysis stage.
6. Linkage among others, to test the hypothesis in the research and is the
examination that can be done in other situations similar organizations, is also the
methods to solve a problem in the research.
7. Bellow are two scenarios. Indicate how the research should proceed in each
case; that is ,determine the following, giving reasons:
a. The purpose of the study
b. The type of investigation
c. The extent of researcher interference
d. The study setting
e. The time horizon for the study
f. The unit of analysis
1. Identify the releavant population for the following research foci and suggest
the appropriate sampling design to investigate the issues, explaining why they
are appropriate. Wherever necessary, identify the population frame as well.
a. A gun manufacturing firm would like to know the types of guas possessed by
various age groups in Washingthon, D.C.
Answer :
To find out what type of weapon used by a variety of age we can use the simple
random sampling because the sampling pattern has the best opportunity to find
the overall population in its main object. And every part of the population
actually in the note and every part has the same chance to be made in the
subject.
This sampling design. Known as a simple random sampling, have at least bias
and offers the best generalization. However, the sampling process can be
complicated and expensive.
b. A hospital administrator wants to find out if the single parents working in the
hospital have a higher rate of absenteeism than parents who are not single.
Answer :
To determine whether the employee is single parent has a list of absence is
higher in single parent does not appeal that we can use stratified random
sampling because the sampling has a pattern which is most effective because of
differences in the types of information required data variation in populations
and case in the test are random.
In this sampling we can use free sample test.
The function:
• To estimate the average interval
• To test the hypothesis about the sample average.
• Indicates acceptance of a hypothetical boundary
• and fatherly testing a statement that it is feasible for the trust.
c. A researcher would like to assess the extent of pilferage in the materials
storage warehouses of manufacturing firms in the East Coast.
Answer :
to determine whether single parents who work in hospitals have a higher
absentee rates than single parents who do not. Can be detected using the
following:
Systematic sampling
Because in every element in the population selected from a random point within
the frame population.
Advantages:
-> Easier to use if the population of frames available.
Weaknesses:
-> Systematic biases are possible.
d. The director of human resources wants to investigate the relationship
between drug abuse and dysfunctional behavior of blue-coliar workers in a
particular plant.
Answer :
To be able to investigate the relationship between drug abuse and dysfunctional
behavior of blue-collar workers at certain factories, we can use the identification
using the following:
Stratified random sampling
Disproportionate proportion in the population, the population is first divided
into segments that are meaningful. Afterward the subjects were taken
proportional to the amount of their original sample and a comparison based on
the criteria of their original population.
advantages:
The most efficient among all probability design. All groups fairly between groups
that may be.
weaknesses:
stratification should be meaningful, takes more than simple or systematic
random sampling.
5. Use of a sample of 5.000 is not necessarily better than using one of 500. How
would you react to this statement.
Answer :
Use examples that are too large, such as above 500 may also pose a problem
which tends to result in any wrongdoing. In other words, examples that are too
large in relation to a sample size will be weak (10 katakana correlation between
two variables) except in a sample population will be better used if samplenya
big. But although it is too big or small ukuranya still can help us in the research
project we are doing.
Roscoe (1975) proposed that the rules of the following experiences to determine
sample size:
1. Doing pecobaan sizes larger than 30 and less than 500, is consistent with most
research
2. Where if the sample size is expected as gender subsample ato men women,
senior or junior, and so forth, so for example the minimum should be 30 for each
category
3. In a multiple regression study, sample size should have the same large sample
as many variables (especially the better 10 times) in his research or studies.
4. For simple experiments to research dengaan tight experimental control, the
research or research may be said to succeed denagn sample size as small as 10
or 20 samples.
Question
1. Briefy describe a situation wherw, given the results or a hypothessis testing
study, the manager has to extensively apply experience an common sense in
making the final decision...
1.because the final decision is a decision that will be the result of a test or who
have done researches. So in the tau research testing the final decision should use
common sense and experience is very important to be done by hand manejer.
2. because the test is qualitative research is descriptive and tend to use inductive
analysis approach. Process and meaning (subject perspective) is more find in
qualitative research. Theory used as a guide to focus the research in accordance
with the facts on the ground. Besides the theoretical basis is also useful for
providing an overview of the background as a materials research and discussion
of research results
5. Direct Interview
Advantages: the interview used to obtain data directly from the company. which
is a communication from one worker to obtain information in accordance with
the desired and by conducting interviews obtained more complete data.
Disadvantage: time consuming interview techniques and a very large cost for the
sample is big enough and spread. Interviewing means of communication
between the interviewer and the interviewee, this tends to generate a difference
in interpretation between the two.
> Questionnaire
Advantages: the questionnaire is a research method that must be answered
respondents to express his views on an issue. The use of questionnaires as data
collection methods have several advantages, among them are questions that will
be presented to respondents can be standardized, the respondent can answer a
questionnaire on their leisure time, the question can be thought of in advance so
that answers can be trusted compared with a verbal answer, and questions
raised would be more accurate and uniform.
Disadvantage: the respondent can not give more details because the answer is
limited to matters in question.
> Observations
Advantages: With the observation that many symptoms can be investigated, the
results are more accurate and difficult to argue with. Many objects are only
willing to taken only with the observation data, such as too busy and less time to
be interviewed or to complete a questionnaire.
Losses: Observations depends on observation and memory skills. Many events
and circumstances that are difficult objects observed, especially concerning the
life of a highly confidential approach for cloning.
BAB 9 - DISCUSSION QUESTIONS AND POINTS TO PONDER
Execution mode that is by analyzing the objects that respond to the questions
that affect the completion and then describe the measurement accuracy and key
validity as an specified.
4. We further agreed that if the use of instruments that have been developed and
studied more about the instrument because it's easier to develop and search the
literature for a list of libraries. This will be easier because the use of better
instruments will ensure more accurate results, in turn, the quality of scientific
research.
BAB 8
4.Because the interval scale not only ranks,but also provides us with information
on the magnitude of the differences in the variable than the nominal scale.
5. Why is the ratio scale considered to be the most powerful of the four scales?
5.Because the ratio scale indicates not only the magnitude of the differences but
also their proportion.
2. There is an advantage in stating the hypotesis both in the null and in the
alternate;it adds clarity to our thinking about what we are testing.Explain.
-it is the theory that allows us to have faith in the alternative hypothesis that is
generated in the particular research investigation.
1. Campbell felt that revenues could be quadruled if only clients understand the
distinction among the three types of facilities offered.
2. The consumers were blissfully unaware of the differences among the three
types of facilities.Many complained about how old the buildings were and how
poorly the facilities were maintained.The quality of services was also rated as
poor.
Chapter 6
1. What are the basic research design issues ? describe them in some detail
1. Basic research designs can be seen from the issues associated with the
decision about the purpose of the study (exploratory, descriptive, hypothesis
testing), where the research will conducted (i. e, study setting), the type of
research that should be (kind of investigation), the extent to which researchers
manipulated and control research (researcher interference level), the temporal
aspects research (time horizon), and the rate at which data will be analyzed (if
the unit of analysis), is an integral part of the research design.
2. Why are the basic design issues important to consider before conducting the
study and even early as at the time of formulating the research question ?
2. Because it is important to note that the more sophisticated and rigorous the
research design, the greater the time, cost and other resources expended on the
study.
3. Is a field study totally out of the question if one is trying to establish cause and
effect relationship ?
3. Yes, because relational studies conducted in the organization and called a field
study.
5. Because , the unit of analysis is the part that must exist in designing the
research because we formulate research questions in the form of data collection,
sample size, and even the variables included in the research framework.
7. Below are now scenarios . indicate how researcher should proceed in each
case that is , determine the following , giving reasons :
7. Among the two scenarios. Indicate how the researcher should begin in each
case, determine the matter - the following and give reasons.
Scenario A
a) Learning Objectives : description
b) Type of investigation : correlation
c) The interference of the researcher : the maximum
d) Background study : lab experiments
e) Time of study : Longitudinal
f) Unit of analysis : group
Scenario B
a) Learning Objective : Test the hypothesis
b) Type of investigation : correlation
c) The interference of the researcher : approaching maximum
d) The Background of learning : a field study
e) Time of study : cross sectional
f) Unit of analysis : industry