APA STYLE SAMPLE

Assignment 5, Essay Styles and RefWorks

Alexandra Stephen
University of Notre Dame Australia
Sanja Koncar
32003638

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Americal American Psychological Association Style Sample ................................. 2
Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 2
Discussion ................................................................................................................................... 2
Examples ..................................................................................................................................... 2
Format ......................................................................................................................................... 2
Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 3
References .................................................................................................................................. 4

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AMERICAL AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION STYLE SAMPLE

INTRODUCTION
The American Psychological Association (APA) style is primarily used in the social science
disciplines. It is formatted like Modern Language Association (MLA), and shows many similarities,
but is unique in several key points. This paper discusses the APA in detail. Look at Referencing
Help sheet – there is a sentence that needs to be added here. You need to remember to insert the
two citations with RefWorks (do not just copy and paste the sentence).

DISCUSSION
APA uses parenthetical (or in-text) citations within sentences, but rather than indicating the
author's name and page number, APA includes author's name and date of publication. The page
number, represented with a p. or a pp., is only added to the citation when using a direct quote (not
a summary or paraphrase). If the author's name is mentioned in the sentence, then place the date
of publication in parentheses directly after the name. If the name is not mentioned include the
author's name and date in parentheses at the end of the source material. And, if you use a direct
quote, place the page number after the publication date within the parentheses.

EXAMPLES
Note the difference between the following three examples:

Terrence (1999) has presented poignant examples from 150 interviews. However, it has been
pointed out that the research was conducted in a selective, highly biased, way (Strong & Porter,
1998). All of the interviewees have been called “exceptions to the norm” (Strong & Porter, 1998,
p. 5).

Note the first example paraphrases an author that is named in the sentence, the second example
paraphrases authors that are not named in the sentence, and the third example provides a direct
quote (thus the inclusion of the page numbers) but also does not identify the authors within the
sentence. If the authors were identified within the sentence in the third example, the authors'
names would be followed by the year of publication and only the page numbers would be in the
parentheses at the end of the quote.

FORMAT
Finally, the bibliographic page in APA style differs from MLA, what APA calls the Reference page.
You will notice a few immediate differences from the MLA Works Cited format. With APA you include
the initial of the author's first name rather than the complete name, the publication date
immediately follows the author's name in parentheses, and titles of articles are not surrounded
with quotation marks. The lists are still alphabetized by author's last name (or title in the absence
of an author) and the first line is flush left while subsequent lines in the same entry are indented
Sanja Koncar
32003638

in (approximately 5 spaces or one tab). A good resource to help you with referencing is Notre
Dame’s referencing guide at http://library.nd.edu.au/referencing/apa#s-lg-box-3040351. There is also
a summary downloadable help document available at:
http://library.nd.edu.au/ld.php?content_id=8053459. In APA Style, you include a reference list rather
than a bibliography with your paper (APA, 2017). A reference list consists of all sources cited in the
text of a paper whereas a bibliography may include resources that were consulted but not cited in
the text as well as an annotated description of each one.

SUMMARY
The School of Education, University of Notre Dame Australia, uses the APA 6 th referencing style for
all written documents. In addition to in text referencing and the reference list there are a number
of formatting requirements to ensure your essay complies with APA standards. Get to know the APA
6th.

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REFERENCES
APA.Bibliography versus reference list. Retrieved from http://www.apastyle.org/learn/quick-
guide-on-references.aspx#Bibliography

Bretag, T. (2013a). Challenges in addressing plagiarism in education. PLoS Medicine, 10(12), 1-4.
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001574

Bretag, T. (2013b). Challenges in addressing plagiarism in education. PLoS Medicine, 10(12),

e1001574.

Strong, R. L., Porter, M. (1998). Grammatical combinations. in S. parker & K. gibson (eds.),
language and literacy   (pp. 540-578). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press:

Terrence, H. S. (2007, November 1). Student success in community colleges.  West

Australian, pp. 6-8.