CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This section presents a discussion of the literature which further enriched the
conceptualization of the study and aided in describing the rational design that
guided the conduct of the researcher.

Related Studies
According to Wisconsin, (2011), “An Online Scholarship Application
System” for a foundation at University of Wisconsin-La Crosse. This deals with
a large number of scholarship applications as it uses paper-based processing.
This evolution focuses on replacement in which portions of the existing system
is substituted for re-engineered system portions. The system was developed
under java development platform using java in the business logic layer, JSP in
the presentation layer and Oracle 10g Express Edition in the database layer. It
was run under IIS application server.
In addition, Asia pacific issues. No. 48( 2001) sighted that some basic
applications areas like e-exams that are related to E -scholarship System were
also reviewed. In a paper titled "An Arabic Web- Based Exam Management
System" [M. Z. Rashad 2010) proposed a web based online examination.

Related Literatures
Research have focused on empathetic students retention, persistence
and degree attainment, national statistics remain objectively constant.
Modifications to Tinto’s Theory (1987, 1993) original theory of students’
departure have been proposed to take into account diverse populations
according to Hurtado & Carter, (1997)

College graduates are more likely satisfied with their jobs, and place a
better premium on the need to feel that their work is more important according
to Friedl, M. A (1997). They also make to engage civically, with higher rates
volunteering and voting as to Al-Radaideh (2006]. Better educational
accomplishment is connected with both advanced salaries and lower idleness
rates said Kuleswar (2010).

The term "scholarship" according to is a method of financial support that

does not require reimbursement or engagement and which is usually offered to
students who display potential, or who have certain characteristics important
to the scholarship provider (A Nelnet Network 2013). Scholarship, particularly
in developing countries, is considered as a means to increase the access,
participation, enrolment and achievement of students from the poor and
disadvantaged background (B. Sanothimi, 2010). A study was conducted by M.
Brumbaugh (2011) on “Increasing Efficiency in a Community College
Scholarship Program,” the research was designed to increase the efficiency of a
community college scholarship program. The research was developed in
response to a desire to increase numbers of scholarship applications from
students and to streamline the selection and financial reconciliation processes
at the research site. Data was gathered through surveys, interviews, and
observations. The data analysis suggests that passive information on the part
of colleges, lack of student confidence in qualifications, and lack of student
awareness of the differences in scholarship criteria are significant contributing
factors leading to low rates of application. Data related to recipient selection
processes show that committee training, the use of multiple reviewers, and the
use of consistently-applied scoring rubrics increase selection efficiency. Results
suggest further research possibilities to determine the extent to which various
scholarship marketing strategies, and the manner in which individual
scholarship criteria are presented, influence application rates. Further
research is suggested to determine the factors influencing student confidence
and motivation related to scholarship application. M. Brumbaugh, 2011

Internet has developed the means for directing growing numbers of

transactions because of the speed, flexibility, and effectiveness that it offers (D.
Ernst, 2001). This technology is essential to organization if it does want to
grasp to its customers in this era of globalization.

Moreover, the use of Decision support system is rapidly emerging. Group

Decision Support Systems (GDSS) has been a speedily evolving field of the
1980's. Whereas predictable Decision Support Systems (DSS) help distinct
decision makers, GDSS are designed to help groups of senior administration
and specialized groups reach consensus (Gray, P.1987).

In the past few years, the use of decision trees (DTs) to classify remotely
sensed data has increased. Proponents of the method claim that it has some of
advantages over the ML and ANN algorithms. The DT is computationally fast,
make no statistical assumptions, and can handle data that is represented on
different measurement scales. Software to implement DTs is readily available
over the Internet. Pruning of DTs can make them smaller and more easily
interpretable, while the use of boosting techniques can improve performance
(Pal, M., & Mather, P. M. 2003).
Classification exactitudes produced by each of these decision tree
algorithms are associated with both maximum probability and linear
discriminant function classifiers. Outcomes from this study show that the
decision tree algorithms constantly outdo the maximum prospect and linear
discriminant function classifiers with respect to classification — cation
correctness Friedl, M. A., & Brodley, C. E. (1997)

The decision tree is a very good and practical method since it is relatively
fast, and can be easily converted to simple classification rules. The decision
tree method depends mainly on using the information gain metric which
determines the attribute that is most useful. Baradwaj,(2012)

A decision tree is a customary of conditions prepared in a ordered

structure. It is a projecting model in which a case is classified by following the
track of satisfied situations from the origin of the tree until reaching a leaf,
which corresponds to a class label. (C4.5 and CART Romero, C 2008)

Synthesis of the Studies and Literature

The Internet has become the revenue for directing numbers of
connections because of the speed, flexibility, and efficiency. This technology is
vital by every organization if it does want to reach out to its clients in this era
of globalization.

Online application system has been spreading all throughout the globe; it
contracts with a large number of applications as the groundwork uses paper-
based processing. Through this, more transactions can take place at a time.

In the other hand, one of the mutual relations that have been computerized
online is the scholarship application. Research shows the numbers of
scholarship applications from students and to streamline the selection and
financial reconciliation processes at the research site. Moreover, to lessen the
work in online systems, a classification algorithm is used to assess different
kinds of entities. The most common classification algorithm is the Decision
Tree. A decision tree is a set of conditions organized in a hierarchical structure.

Either for conclude, using the above-mentioned technologies and algorithm

proves that Decision Support System using classification through Decision tree
is more efficient in delivering the problems encountered in the manual
scholarship application. Through the said system, it can boost up the
scholarship application in the City of Santiago, Isabela. Aside from that, officer-
in-charge of evaluating pre-application requirements would make his/her task
easier because the system uses Decision Tree to manage the assessment of
pre-application requirements. Lastly, the system can be accessed anywhere
because of its online technology which uses the internet to access the website.