SKIN AND EYE DISEASE B oral suspension) or

systemic oral azoles (fluconazole,

itraconazole, or posaconazole).

Disease: Candidiasis

Causative agent: Candida albicans

CHARACTERISTIC

Other symptoms may

include soreness and problems
swallowing. When it affects the
vagina, it is commonly called a yeast
infection. Signs
and symptoms include genitalitching,
burning, and sometimes a white
"cottage cheese-like" discharge from
the vagina.

PATHOGENESIS

is the most common human fungal

pathogen causing diseases ranging
from mucosal to systemic infections.
The ability of this highly adaptable
fungal species to transition from
commensal to pathogen is due to a
repertoire of virulence factors.

TREATMENT

The cycle is repeated every month

for 3-6 months. Oropharyngeal
candidiasis OPC can be treated with
either topical antifungal agents (eg,
nystatin, clotrimazole, amphotericin
PREPARED BY: JASMIN LADJABULAN BSN-1F

NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE
promote drainage. A
larger abscess may need be drained
at the doctor's office to both relieve
the pain and treat the infection.
Depending on the cause of
an abscess, a doctor may consider
whether or not an antibiotic is
needed.

Disease: Small Abscess

Causative agent: Panton-Valentine

leukocidin (PVL)

CHARACTERISTIC

An abscess is a collection of pus that

has built up within the tissue of the
body. Signs and symptoms
ofabscesses include redness, pain,
warmth, and swelling. The swelling
may feel fluid-filled when pressed.
The area of redness often extends
beyond the swelling.

PATHOGENESIS

An abscess is caused when such

bacteria as staphylococci or
streptococci gain access to solid
tissue (e.g., by means of
a small wound on the skin). ... At the
same time, nearby healthy cells form
a capsule of tissue around the pus
and develop a cell wall that delimits
the abscess from nearby healthy
tissues.

TREATMENT
can be treated at home with a warm
compress to relieve pain and
PREPARED BY: JASMIN LADJABULAN BSN-1F

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Patients who have severe malaria or
who cannot take oral medications
should be given the treatment by
continuous intravenous infusion.
Most drugs used in treatment are
active against the parasite forms in
the blood (the form that causes
disease) and include the following:
Chloroquine.

DISEASE: Malaria
Causative agent: Plasmodium
parasite

CHARACTERISTIC

The symptoms of malaria appear

after about 2 weeks of incubation
period. The symptoms appear as a
series of reoccurring patterns of first
chills, next fever, and lastly sweating.
During the stage characterizedby
chills, there is an accompanying
headache, malaise, fatigue, nausea,
vomiting, and muscle pains.

PATHOGENESIS

this requires an improved

understanding of thepathogenesis of
malaria. Malarial infection begins
when a person is bitten by an
infected female anopheles mosquito
and Plasmodium spp (species)
parasites in the form of sporozoites
are injected into the bloodstream.

TREATMENT

PREPARED BY: JASMIN LADJABULAN BSN-

1F

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DISEASE
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
(Bactrim, Septra) and macrolide
antibiotics are reasonable
alternatives to amoxicillin for treating
acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in
patients who are allergic to penicillin.

Disease: Rhino Sinusitis

Causative agent: ABRS

CHARACTERISTIC

also known as a sinus infection

or rhinosinusitis, is inflammation of
the mucous membrane that lines
the sinuses resulting in symptoms.
Common symptoms include thick
nasal mucus, a plugged nose, and
facial pain.

PATHOGENESIS

is a broad clinical syndrome that is

characterized by prolonged mucosal
inflammation of the nose and
paranasal sinuses, and is typically
divided into two subtypes based on
the presence or absence of nasal
polyps. The etiology
and pathogenesis of both forms
remain areas of active research.

TREATMENT

Amoxicillin is considered the first-line

antibiotic for most patients with
acute bacterial rhinosinusitis.
PREPARED BY: JASMIN LADJABULAN BSN-1F
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DISEASE the trichinella parasite is discovered
early, in the intestinal phase,
albendazole (Albenza) or
mebendazole can be effective in
eliminating the intestinal worms and
larvae.

Disease: Trichinosis

Causative agent: larvae of the

Trichinellaroundworm

CHARACTERISTIC

a disease caused by larvae of the

nematode worm Trichinella spiralis,
contracted by eating imperfectly
cooked infected meat.
Symptoms include diarrhoea,
nausea, fever, vertigo, delirium, and
pains in the limbs.

PATHOGENESIS

Complications
may include inflammation of heart
muscle, central nervous system
involvement, and inflammation of the
lungs. Trichinosis is mainly spread
when undercooked meat
containing Trichinella cysts is eaten.
Most often this is pork but can also
occur from bear and dog meat.

TREATMENT

Anti-parasitic medication. Anti-

parasitic (anthelminthic) medication
is the first line
oftreatment against trichinosis. If PREPARED BY: JASMIN LADJABULAN BSN-1F
URINARY AND REPRODUCTIVE need to take medicines that lower
SYSTEM blood pressure and help reduce the
amount of protein that leaks into your
urine, such as: angiotensin-
converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.

Disease: glomerulonephritis

Causative agent:
Glomerulonephritis

CHARACTERISTIC

Pink or cola-colored urine from red

blood cells in your urine (hematuria)
Foamy urine due to excess protein
(proteinuria)
High blood pressure (hypertension)
Fluid retention (edema) with swelling
evident in your face, hands, feet and
abdomen.

PATHOGENESIS

are numerous and complex,

involving both humoral and cell-
mediated immune responses. ... The
most common cause
ofglomerulonephritis is deposition of
immune deposits (antigen-antibody
complexes) to the level of the
glomerular basement membrane.

TREATMENT

Your blood pressure will be carefully

monitored by the healthcare
PREPARED BY: JASMIN LADJABULAN BSN-1F
professionals treating you. You may