Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering, Vol.3, No.

1, June 2017

New Technical Trends on Adjustable Speed

AC Motor Drives
Kouki Matsuse1*, and Daiki Matsuhashi2
(1. Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan; 2. Meidensha Corporation, Tokyo, Japan)

Abstract: Adjustable speed AC Motor drives have been used extensively in modern industry and
transportation which calls for electrical and mechanical energy conversion with wide output power
range applications. Because of its modularity and scalability, the drive system can be extended to many
different application areas. More recently, adjustable speed AC motor drive applications are spreading
not only in industry applications, but also sky and the marine. In this paper, after summarizing the
history of adjustable speed AC motor drives and applications, the main issues of AC drive technologies
are reviewed and investigated in the paper. Technical issues of adjustable speed AC motor drives
including its standardization are surveyed and analyzed for more advancement. Finally, the paper
provides the latest technical trends on adjustable speed AC motor drives technologies, and discusses the
development of high speed high power PM motor.
Keywords: Electric machine, drive technology, adjustable speed motor drive, AC machine, drive
system, Industry applications, transportation application, high speed PM motor.

Table 1 Some significant events in global history of

1 Introduction
Adjustable speed AC motor drives have attracted
increasing attention for more than half of the last
century as one of the preferred choices of electric
energy conversion for the high-power applications[1] ,
for industry application, transport applications and so
on. Although the development of higher-voltage and
higher-current power switching devices make the
converter capable of driving high power, the power
converter topologies and motor control methodologies
still present great advantages due to the fact that they
can achieve high power. Moreover, the high quality of
the output voltage waveforms of inverter also makes
them very attractive to industry and academia. Power
electronics and drive applications are going to spread
not only in industry application but also to sky and the
marine applications requiring more electrification.
The paper is organized as follows: Section 2 presents
a brief review of the brief history of adjustable speed
AC motor drive technologies and applications in
Japan as an example. Then, technical issues of
adjustable speed AC motor drives are surveyed and
analyzed in Section 3. Finally, Section 4 provides
adjustable speed AC motor drives technologies and
discusses the development of high speed high power
AC motor and application.
2 Brief history of adjustable speed AC
motor drive technologies and applica-
tions
motor drive technologies
1879 – 2.2kW electric locomotive drew 3 coaches in Berlin
industrial exposition as the first electric rail
1881 – First electric vehicle with a rechargeable battery as power
source was introduced
1891 – Ward-Leonard speed control was introduced
1948 – Transistor was invented at Bell Labs
1956-1957 – Power diode and thyristor (SCR) was introduced by GE
1961 – Impulse-commutated inverter was introduced
1964 – “Principles of Inverter Circuit” was published (almost all AC
drive main circuit topologies using thyristors were introduced)
1964 – First high-speed railway “Shinkansen” using DC drive with
diode rectifiers began operation in Japan
1964 – Electric vehicle “Electrovair1” using IM drive of thyristor
inverter with Silver-Zinc Battery was introduce by GM
1969 – Dissertation on dynamic speed controlled drive was
introduced
1971 – Flux detecting vector control was introduced
1974 – PWM technique for single-phase converter in railway
application was introduced
1975 – Giant transistor GTR was commercialized
1978 – Power MOSFET was introduced
1980 – High-power GTOs were commercialized
1981 – 3 level inverter was introduced
1987 – IGBT was commercialized
1996 – First mass-produced and purpose-designed Electric vehicle
was introduced (Prototype in1990)
1997 – Hybrid electric vehicle “PRIUS” was commercialized
2009 – Electric vehicle “i-MiEV” was commercialized
2012 – Large-capacity SiC diode was introduced in rail application
needs have driven power requirements and manufacture
of motor products to meet the demands of each age.
Mainly from the latter of 1970s to 2000s, the existence
of industrial vitality requiring better performance of
drives compared to former days is the reason why
progress in motor drive technologies in Japan has been
very active.

Some significant events in global history of power 2.1 Industrial applications

electronics and motor drive technologies[1-5] influenced
Japanese history of motor drive technology from
1960s to the present as shown in Table 1. Industry
* Corresponding Author, E-mail: matsuse@meiji.ac.jp.
Fig.1 shows the brief history of motor drive
technologies and products in Japan as an example[6-10] .
This history from the beginning of DC drive by
semiconductor power device to the leading practical
use of AC drive is footprint of many products based
 2 Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering, Vol.3, No.1, June 2017
Fig.1 An overview of motor drive technologies and products in Japan
on the progress of semiconductor power device, control
and main circuit topologies. At the latter of 1970s
when AC drive was in period of from dawn to growth,
features of Japanese industry were followings as shown
in Fig.1 [1]
(1) The 1970s was a period of high economic
growth rates, when many new ironworks were built in
Japan. The metal industry required better performance
drive, and electric manufacturers had developed the
drives satisfying their requests. Japan was successful
and made rapid progress joining industrialized countries.
This situation stimulated R&D of universities in Japan
as well.
(2) From the occasion of “oil shock” at the
middle of 1970s, necessity of energy saving was
recognized unanimously in Japan. Domestic market,
where industry introduced variable speed drive instead
of constant speed motor and valve control for energy
saving, led to the progress of inverter technology.
In the 1990s when AC drive was in period of
from growth to maturity, features of Japanese industry
were following.
(1) Along with the global progress of semi-
conductor technology, Japan had a strong position to
manufacture semiconductor at low cost. This ability
contributed to the R&D and production of power
devices. The most influential device was IGBT.
(2) Expanding Japanese economy caused the
enlargement of business area, where power electronics
and drives could be introduced. According to this
trend, the market of inverter expanded, not only high
performance or large capacity dedicated inverters, but
also inverters for auto mobile, general- purpose
inverter, AC servo and so on. Some features of drive
technologies are as follows:
2.1.1 DC drive (ca.1960-ca1983)
·Rapid spread of thyristor DC drive, to large
capacity mill drive of metal industry from
middle of 1960s.
·Completion of basic drive control technologies
(speed and torque control by armature and field
current).
·Introducing of digital control by 16 bit micro-
processor in around 1980.
2.1.2 AC drive
(1) Stage 1:ca.1960-ca.1976:
·Practical use of several kinds of thyristor AC
drives.
·Commercialization of voltage and current source
thyristor inverters for process line and energy
saving drive from middle of 1960s.
·Introduction of general-purpose inverter (transistor
inverter), afterwards adopting sinusoidal PWM
control and applied to home air conditioner in
around 1980s.
(2) Stage 2:
·Realization of the same control performance as
DC drive.
·R&Ds of slip frequency type vector control from
middle of 1970s, commercialization of this
control using various AC drives.
·Stimulation to digital control and precise speed
sensor by demands of sophisticated control
theory and calculation.
(3) Stage 3:
· Enthusiastic desire for both performance and
cost of high qualified AC drive.
· Peak performance of mill drive attained by
Cyclo-converter drive of IM in middle of 1980s,
remaining solution for reduction of power
source capacity.
· Introducing of inverts using GTO in order to
attain the reduction of power source capacity
and reasonable cost.
(4) Stage 4: Introduction of IGBT having the
almost same impact as thyristor.
· Voltage source inverter as almost universal
acceptance for AC drive.
·High performance drives, i.e., auto tuning of
general-purpose inverter, AC servo driver
superior to DC servo in around 1990.
3 level inverter and multi-cell cascade inverter
realizing direct middle voltage drive, large capacity
and high speed drive for oil & gas field applications.
(5) Stage 5:
·Challenge of new technology for AC drives.
·Introduction of matrix converter in middle of ‘00s’.
 K. Matsuse et al.: New Technical Trends on Adjustable Speed AC Motor Drives 3

·New applications of PMSM and SWR drives, drive, and high speed type moved from thyristor DC
and R&Ds for their control technology. drive to inverter AC drive of IM[12]. In middle/low
speed type, flat PMSM technology was introduced as
2.2 Transport applications a key component of machine-room-less elevator after
moving to inverter drive of IM. Since PMSM drives
In this paper, authors describe three motor drive
were wide-spread as standardized types, it was first
fields for railway, elevator and automotive as
used in transportation application before elevator
transportation applications, treated mainly with AC
drives changed to PMSM drive [13].
drives, because at present, the AC drive is common
Background of Japanese progress in elevator
technology for three fields despite their different
drives is as follows [14-17] :
progress history.
(1) Domestic market was the largest in the world
An overview of transportation motor drive
at a period from high economic growth to the bubble
technologies and products in Japan is shown in Fig.2.
economy; therefore developments and manufacturing
Features of Railway Drives in Japan
of elevators were very active.
Railway drives are categorized into DC and AC
(2) Since many electric manufacturers in Japan
electricity of overhead wire, or into electric train,
competed with each other for developing new products,
locomotive, high-speed railway (Shinkansen in Japan)
many advancements in industrial motor drive
and super-high-speed railway (Maglev vehicle in
technologies were introduced.
Japan). As for drive technologies, DC drive started
from series DC motor by resistor control, grew to 2.2.3 Features of automotive drives
chopper applications to field or/and armature circuits
using power devices. Afterwards, AC drives of IM Fig.3 shows some technical trends of IM and
was substituted for DC drives, and at present, PMSM PMSM drive control methods[10,15-16] .
drives have started [11] . Automotive drives for power train are categorized
into electric vehicle and hybrid electric vehicle.
2.2.1 Features of Japanese development in railway Except for small size electric vehicles, motor drive
drives applications were delayed by the influence of slow
progress of battery technologies, however grew from
(1) Leading edge high power devices were
hybrid to pure electric vehicle, from large to middle
applied to develop new drive equipment, for example,
size vehicle and from IM to PMSM drive. Products
power diode for series-0 Shinkansen in 1964, GTO for
had to endure mass production and durability, and as
an electric train in 1982 and for series-300 Shinkansen
such, transportation applications were the latest to put
in 1992, IGBT for an electric train in 1992 and for
in practical use.
series-700 Shinkansen in 1999, and SiC diode for a
Backgrounds of introducing electric vehicles in
prototype of electric train in 2012.
Japan were the follows:
(2) Strong cooperation between railway companies
(1) Necessity of power electronics technologies. It
and electrical manufacturer promoted practical use
is no exaggeration to say that precondition to
of new power devices and new drive equipment,
commercialize electric vehicle has been satisfied by
eliminating problems of introducing new technologies
improvement of NiHM or Lithium- ion battery instead
through discussions, field tests and so on.
of lead acid battery. Moreover, power devices, GTR
2.2.2 Features of elevator drives in Japan and IGBT realizing high performance and reliability
drive, PMSM motors and are important for small,
Elevator drives are categorized into middle/low light and efficient equipment and leading technologies
speed type and high speed type according to con- of motor control and analysis.
struction installation, or into standardized type or not.
As for drive technologies, middle/low speed type
moved from IM primary voltage control to inverter

Fig.2 An overview of transportation motor Fig.3 Some technical trends of IM and

drive technologies and products in Japan PMSM drive control methodologies
 4 Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering, Vol.3, No.1, June 2017

(2) Japanese automotive companies have been
very eager to clear emission controls of oversea
countries because of small domestic market, and
continued to develop electric vehicle and fuel cell
vehicles for long periods.
3 Technical issues of adjustable speed AC
motor drives
In sustainable society, more electrical energy will
be consumed for convenience of human activities.
However, greenhouse gases must be decreased
for environmental conservation. Hence, motor drive
technologies that will result in high efficiency, saving
resources, and capability of operation on command is
very important.
The following items need to be addressed in the
future drive systems:
(1) Requirement for high efficiency, fewer resources
and lower costs make applications of PMSM and SRM
desirable. High performance control technology is
necessary to use them in any situation.
(2) Pursuit for high reliability of the whole drive
system requires sensorless control of not only speed
sensor but also other sensors as the intrinsic solution.
(3) Recently SiC and GaN are noteworthy as new
materials for power semiconductor devices.
The pros and cons for adopting new devices to
AC drives is an interesting subject in near future.
(4) In industrial drives, a mechanical object is
displaced by motor energy, but a person is moved by
motor energy in transporting drive. Major metrics for
riding circumstances are loudness, vibration, EMI
noise and so on. Required drive systems must control
such metrics within permissible range for comforta-
bleness.
(5) In transportation applications, smoothness of
acceleration and deceleration is important inevitably,
as well as sufficient starting torque, readhesion
control against slips and coasting operations.
Table 2 describes some issues for advancement
of AC motor drive technologies for spreading
many applications[18]. It will be shown as follows;
Ultra- high speed drives, low speed and high-accuracy
drives by sensorless control, large capacity drives fed
by multilevel inverter, ultra-small size motor, high
response and torque accuracy, downsizing and efficiency,
standardization, and so on.
Low-speed and high-accuracy sensor-less controls
are based on high frequency injection method [19],
zero-sequence carrier injection[20] , model base method,
induced voltage caused by magnetic saturation, etc.
Multilevel inverters for large capacity machine
drive are 3 level-neutral-point-clamped, H-bridge series
connected cascade, 4 level-flying capacitor, 5 Level-
active Neutral-Point-Clamped used by HV-IGBT, IEGT
or GCT.
Methodologies of high response and torque
accuracy are deadbeat-direct torque and flux control[21],
Ripple-torque reduction [22], etc.
Methodologies of Downsizing and high efficiency
are proposed by loss reduction of machine [23-25] , high
efficiency operation of drive system[26], etc.
As shown in Fig.4[27-28] and Fig.5[29] , power
electronics and drive applications are going to spread
in sky the marine applications.
The aerospace industry is facing challenges
similar to those faced by the automotive industry in
terms of improving emissions, fuel economy and cost.
Another similarity is the move towards replacing
mechanical and aerodynamic systems with electrical
systems; thus, transitioning towards “more electric”
architectures. To meet these challenges in the
automotive industry, significant work has been done
in the area of electric and hybrid vehicles.
In the case of airplanes, more electric architecture
is an emerging trend. As shown in this photo, the
principal objective was to validate at aircraft level,
both qualitatively and quantitatively, the potential of
the next generation systems equipment for effective
reduction in consumption of non-propulsive power.
The features of the Power Optimized Aircraft (POA)
system are:
Fig.4 Power optimized aircraft engine

Table 2 Technical issues of adjustable speed AC

motor drives
1 High speed machines and operation
2 Low- speed and high-accuracy sensor-less control
3 Large capacity motor fed by multilevel inverter
4 Ultra-small size motor
5 High response and torque accuracy
6 Downsizing and efficiency
7 Standardization Fig.5 Plug-in electric boat “RAICHO-I”
8 Reliability by Dr. H. Hara, Yasukawa Elec.(Referred by Tokyo
9 EMC University of Marine Science and Technology)
 K. Matsuse et al.: New Technical Trends on Adjustable Speed AC Motor Drives
・No external gearbox.
・Electric driven fuel pump.
・Electric vane actuation.
・Integral starter/Generator on HP spool.
・Fan shaft generator on LP spool.
・Integrated power system.
・Flight weight power electronics.
・ Oil-less LP turbine sump via active magnetic
bearing.
The POA engine was tested successfully in both
starting and generating modes, and a series of engine
tests was conducted. Although most of the objectives
were accomplished, but the reduction of aircraft total
equipment weight and the reduction of aircraft fuel
consumption by 5% appear too ambitious in hindsight.
The embedded generation still needs significant
development to ensure a viable whole engine solution.
The POA project provided valuable insight into a very
complex system and highlighted trends for future
research and development
On the other hand, now, flying cars are available
driven by a gasoline engine. And, in the next stage,
the hybrid electric flying cars will be developed for
two or a four passenger car that can travel also on the
road like a regular car.
Fig.5 shows a photo of boat and electricity, and
electric drive system of plug-in pure electric boat with
fast chargeable battery. This boat is in test operation
in Tokyo bay.
RAICHO-I Specifications
・Boat:
Length×Beam×Depth: 10.00m×2.30m×1.20m,
Weight: 1.3t,
Speed: 12 [knots],
Crew: 12.
・Electricity:
Battery capacity: 26kWh,
Motor maximum speed: 6,480r/min,
Motor rated power: 45kW,
Motor maximum power: 80kW,
Motor maximum torque: 200N·m.
As shown Fig.6, future standardization in power
electronics and systems are coming to us[30]. The
trends of power electronics and the related systems,
and technology have increased for power electronics,
requiring more power electronics to improve the
Fig.6 Future standardization landscape
5
future grid, increased importance of grid codes,
functional safety for power electronics, environmental
aspects (for example, energy efficiency and CO2), and
merging of functions from different products into one
system.
Now, there are lots of merged products like this.
And what product category is it?
Fig.7 shows an example for future standards
architecture to move towards group standards from
product standards[30]. It is explained that product
standards, like SC22E, and SC22F, have the adoption
of requirements between group standards. Then,
overhauled standardization landscape is to have more
requirements in group standards, and less requirements
in product standards.
Product standards use group standards as reference
documents, and the addition of further group standards
based on specific topics, like as EMC/EMF, grid
connection, and functional safety, and movement
towards topic experts, rather product specialists. We
need to challenge the renewal of structures, larger
working groups, achieving speed, changing mindsets,
and change responsibility of subcommittees.
Now, I would like to show you the challenge of Japan
on these trends.
In 2013, the Japanese National committee for
IEC TC22 had proposed to standardize the bi-
directional grid connected power converter. The first
big background is the reduction of power consumption,
and diversification of power generation sources. And,
the 2nd motivation is a measure against a big blackout
that could come just after a major disaster. In Japan,
the distributed electric power supply received
increasing attention after the massive earthquake of
March 2011. Although it takes three days on average
to recover from a massive blackout, it is essential to
generate at least a minimum amount of power as a
backup to power the critical loads and also some of
the home appliances.
In order to optimize the power consumption of a
home, it is necessary to combine a generator with a
storage unit to control optimally, and for stable
growth of a market, extendibility, compatibility and
energy conservation is important. Product certifi-
cation based on new standard will get advance the
development.
Fig.7 Example for future standards architecture
 6 Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering, Vol.3, No.1, June 2017
4 Adjustable speed AC motor drives
Fig.8 shows some examples of drive systems
arranging AC motors and inverters for industrial
applications. These are Electric Vehicle, Elevator,
Forklift and Textile machine and so on[31].
We are required to combine with motor, inverter
and its control system. But motor speed of these
applications is near nominal speed with power supply
frequency but not high speed.
We will focus the interest to ultra-high speed
drive technology of large capacity motor.
As shown in Fig.9, products of high speed
motors show on the x and y axis shown by both
logarithm coordinates[32-33] x axis is motor speed, and
y axis is the output capacity of motor.
The technical difference between ultra-high
speed motor and high seed motor is divided by this
straight line.
In this side, upper side of this line shows the
ultra-high speed drive region, and the other side is
high speed drive region.
It is very different technology for the motor
capacity. And also it has very different technology for
motor speed.
Fig.8 Drive system products-some examples
Fig.9 Nominal output power versus rotation speed of some
of the prototyped and or manufactured high speed machines
But these rotor surface speeds are very important
for centrifugal force to keep safety the parts or
materials in the rotor.
Candidate high speed electric machine topologies
are Induction machines(IM), Synchronous machines
(SM) for large capacity, and Permanent magnet
machine(PM), Switched reluctance machines(SRM),
Axial flux machines (AFM), Homopolar machines
(HM), Bearing-less PM for small and/or median
capacity drives[34-39]. High Speed Electric Machines are
widely used in many applications, such as:
·Hand held drilling tool for dentists (10~20W,
400kr/min; 100W, 500kr/min PM),
·Hand held drilling tool for dentists (10~20W,
400kr/min; 100W, 500kr/min PM),
·Vacuum cleaner (1.6kW 100kr/min, SRM),
·Supercharging machine for traction application.
(3kW, 150kr/min, PM).
·Aerospace (192kW 13kr/min SRM).
·Many kinds of compressor (300kW 60kr/min
solid-rotor IM, PM, SM etc.).
·Grinding spindle and milling spindles for
machine tools (from 24kW to 1kW, from 9krpm
to 30kr/min IM, PM).
·Oil/gas industry (8MW, 15kr/min PM 32MW,
6kr/min SM).
·Fly-wheel energy storage systems (150kW,
16kr/min), and others.
Benefits of high speed motor applications are
size and weight reduction, and high efficiency of
drive system.
As shown in Fig.10, for Industry applications of
the high speed and large-capacity motors, these are
aeration blower, chiller, vapor compressor, and gas
pipeline compressor.
Usually, to sustaining the rotor, this side used
magnetic bearing for levitation, and this lower side
used rolling bearing or sliding bearing. The capacity
and speed of these motor and its inverter output
voltage are shown here.
Fig.10 High speed PM motor for industry applications
 K. Matsuse et al.: New Technical Trends on Adjustable Speed AC Motor Drives
Fig.11 shows an outlook, circuit topology and
wave forms of an inverter with transformer drive
system for medium output capacity. This inverter
consists of cascade connected power cells. The rating
of these types are shown here for medium output
capacity. The output voltage waveform and harmonic
contents are also shown here.
Fig.12 shows the outlook and the cross-section
diagram of the prototype motor [40-42] . A carbon fiber
reinforced plastic(CFRP), which has good features of
high stress with light weight and low conductivity, is
applied as the material for sleeve.
Rating and specifications of a prototype ultra-
high speed surface permanent magnet rotor SM are
shown in Fig.13. The permanent magnet type of rotor
surface is the neodymium, ferrite, and boron alloy.
The neodymium, ferrite, and boron alloy magnet have
very good performance over other magnet types.
Performance of Permanent Magnet (BH) max (kJ/m3),
of the neodymium, ferrite, and, boron alloy magnet
(Nd2Fe14B) is nearly equal to 450 which is two times
higher than Sm2Co17.
But it is very difficult to manufacture mounting
inside of the rotor.
Fig.11 Medium voltage AC drive setup
Fig.12 General view of the prototype PM motor
7
Fig.13 Benefits, specification and efficiency of
ultra high speed PM motor
Two types of the air cooling system and the setup
of back to back tests were manufactured. An inlet air
would be flowing through to a ventilation hole of
direct-coupled side and passing through other ventila-
tion hole of non-direct-coupled side. As shown
previous section, cooling system of HSEMs is very
important technology.
Fig.13 shows also the efficiency map of the
prototype motor. The efficiency at the rated point is
96.6% and it is confirmed that the efficiency tends to
decrease in the region of higher rotation speed.
The rated output power is 250kW at the maximum
rotational speed of 20000 min and the number of
poles is two. A forced air cooling by using air blower
installed separately is applied for cooling the motor.
As the rotor shaft is levitated by an active magnetic
bearing (AMB), contactless rotation can be realized. In
addition, surface permanent magnet (SPM) type is
adopted for the rotor structure and the PMs mounted
on the surface of the shaft is retained by the sleeve. In
this prototype motor, the CFRP, which has features of
high stress with light weight and low conductivity, is
applied as the material for the sleeve for enduring
centrifugal force at over 160m/s of the circumferential
speed and reducing the rotor eddy- current losses.
By coupling the two same prototype motors, we
carried out the back to back test to measure the
electrical characteristics and calculate the motor
efficiency. The drive system is applied V/f constant
control method. V: inverter out voltage, f: inverter
output frequency.
In the test, we measured the input power Win of
the drive motor and the regenerated power Wout of the
regenerating motor by using the power meter. And the
relation of Win and Wout with the output power Wtrq
would be expressed.
Here, assuming that each loss generated in both
drive and regeneration motor would be almost same,
Wtrq is derived as below equation
Win + Wout
Wtrq = (1)
2
By the above method, we measured the electric
characteristics while changing the rotational speed
 8 Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering, Vol.3, No.1, June 2017
and load factor and calculated the motor efficiency.
Fig.13 shows the efficiency map of the drive motor.
The efficiency at the rated point is 96.6% and it is
confirmed that the efficiency tends to decrease in the
region of higher rotational speed.
We carried out the heat run test at the rated point
for measuring steady temperature inner the motor. In
this time, two cooling systems were evaluated by
installing one, 3.7kW, 50Hz, cooling blower for
exhausting air. In the system A, an inlet air would be
flowing through to a ventilation hole of direct-coupled
side and passing through other ventilation hole of
non-direct-coupled side. In system B, by contrast, an
inlet air would be flowing through to ventilation holes
of both direct-coupled side and non-direct- coupled
side and passing through ventilation holes of opposite
both sides. Additionally, the center ventilation hole was
opened for an inlet air in the system B. In order to
measure the coil temperature during the operation, a
plurality of thermocouples were mounted inner the
coil. The temperature of the rotor magnet was
estimated as an average temperature by calculation
with temperature coefficient of residual flux density
%/K of the magnet and decrease rate in the induced
voltage measured before and after the operation.
The result of measurements show that the
temperature rise of both the coils and the magnet in
system B is lower than that in system A.
5 Conclusion
In this paper an overview including new tech-
nologies on the adjustable speed AC motor drives and
application is provided.
Firstly, the history of adjustable speed AC motor
drive technologies and applications in Japan as an
example are briefly reviewed and analyzed. Then,
technical issues of adjustable speed AC motor drives
are surveyed and analyzed for future advancement.
Finally, section 4 provides adjustable speed AC motor
drives technologies and discusses the development of
high speed high power AC motor and application.
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9
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Kouki Matsuse received the Ph.D. degrees in
electrical engineering from Meiji University,
Tokyo, Japan, in 1971. In 1971, he joined
the faculty of Meiji University as a Lecturer
of Electrical Engineering. Since 1979, he
has been a Professor in the Department of
Electrical Engineering. Since 2014, he is an
emeritus professor of Meiji University.
Since 1998, he has been invited to be a
Guest Prof essor in the Dep art ment of
Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, China. He has
published 100 transaction and Journal papers, 227 referred
international conference full-papers, and is the holder of 17
patents. His research interests are power electronics, microprocessor-
based controllers for static power converters and drives, sensorless
control of AC motor drives.
Dr. Matsuse is a Life Fellow IEEE, Fellow NAI, USA, Fellow
IEEJ, and received the Outstanding Achievement Awards of the
IEEE IAS and the IEEJ in 2000 and 2003.
Daiki Matsuhashi received the B. E.
degree and the M. E. degree in electrical
engineering from Tokyo Metropolitan Institute
of Technology in 1992 and 1994 respectively.
Since 1994, he has been with Meidensha
Corporation. He is currently a Manager
in Research Section 2, Power Electronics
Research Development, Basic & Core Tech-
nology Research Laboratories, Research and
Development Group of Meidensha Corporation.
His research interests are electromagnetic field analysis,
design and development of motor and generator. He is a member
of Institute of Electrical Engineering of Japan (IEEJ).