INDEX

LHD OPERATOR
GUIDE BOOK

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INTRODUCTION

In order to achieve the best possible results using an LHD-machine,

it is important to utilize the machine according to the design features,
to fulfill all servicing according to the schedule given by the manufacturer
and to obey all safety rules.

But this is not enough. A most important factor is the professional skill of
the operator. To aim of this booklet is to achieve the best possible results
from the machine, high capacity with low costs.

We strongly recommend that every beginner- TORO-operator takes a good

look at this booklet as well as operators and service instruction manuals
before starting to operate the machine.

When the operator is familiar with the machine and knows how to operate
it, utilization will be at the highest possible level.

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SAFETY

Most normal traffic rules can also be applied to underground traffic.

Due to the special circumstances underground, there are also some
“only-for- mines” regulations which must be observed. Some mines
also have rules of their own which must be well known before operating
a vehicle.
Safety rules given here are in addition to the rules given by local
authorities and must be obeyed in all situations.

1. The machine shall be operated by TRAINED, AUTHORIZED

OPERATORS ONLY.

2. The operator is the “captain of the ship” and thus responsible

for safety.

3. Before starting, check all daily check points and make sure that
nobody is standing behind the machine or in the articulation
area between the front and rear frames.

4. The maximum driving speed must be adapted on mine

circumstances and safety rules.

5. The safe distance between two vehicles driving on a ramp or an

incline must be a minimum of 30 m.

6. Parking the machine: Carefully read the instructions about parking

given elsewhere in this manual.

7. Do not operate an LHD, if you suspect a failure or malfunction.

8. The operator must immediately report all faults that are noticed
and also make sure that machine is serviced according to the
schedule.

It is always the operator who is responsible for safety. It is not necessarily

enough that the operator knows the machine and can operate it. The
operator must recognize a responsibility towards other people working
and driving underground. THE ONLY WAY TO AVOID ACCIDENTS IS
CARE, CONSIDERATION AND OBEYING OF ALL RULES.
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THE FOLLOWING CHECKS MUST BE COMPLETED BEFORE

EACH OPERATORS SHIFT.

Engine oil level

Measure oil level engine stopped. The oil level must be between
the LOW and FULL marks on the dipstick.

Coolant level (if water-cooled engine)

Check coolant level ONLY when engine is cool and stopped.
The level must be to the bottom of the filler neck (cool engine).
Never add coolant to an overheated engine.

V-belt
Check V-belt tightness and visual condition.

Air cleaner
Check air filter indicator and assembly condition. Check turbo
charger (if exist) mounting, intake and exhaust ducting and
connections for leak.

Hydraulic oil level

Oil level must be between sight glasses with boom down and bucket
in hauling position.

Wheels, tires
Check inflation, condition of rims, tires and wheel nuts.

Oil leaks
Check all hoses, fuel lines and cables visually. Check major
components for oil leaks and mounting.

LUBRICATE DRIVE SHAFT U-JOINT AT CENTER ARTICULATION

FILL FUEL TANK

FILL WATER TANK (If unit is equipped with water scrupper)

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STEP TO CABIN

• Before step to cabin switch the main power on and open the water
scrubber tap valve (if exist)

• Turn the power on with the ignition switch

• Check that the gear selector is in the neutral (N) position.

• Deutz and Caterpillar engines: Turn the starter switch to the

pre-heating position. Preheat until the glow indicator shows a flame-
red color. Always remember to preheat a cold for a long enough.

• Turn the starter switch to the starting position. When the motor
starts, release the switch. It will automatically return to the
0-position.

• Check gauges and indicator lights. (Please check your operators

manual for corresponding machine type.)

• Test all brakes

- Service brake
- Emergency brake
- Parking brake

• Check lights (front, rear and optional lights)

• Machines equipped with automatic central lubrication

- Visually check all lubrication points (fig 1)
(Lift the boom and support it by tilting the bucket so that the lip is
firmly on the ground).

• Machines with manual lubrication

-Grease all grease nipples

• Check transmission oil level

-Engine idling, gear in neutral with warm oils and machine
standing on level ground.
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IF YOU HAVE ANY DOUBTS ABOUT THE FUNCTION OF GAUGES,

INDICATOR LIGHTS OR OTHER CONTROLS, READ THE
OPERATORS INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE MACHINE AGAIN BEFORE
STARTING IT.

FOR YOUR OWN SAFETY AND COMFORT, ALWAYS KEEP THE

OPERATORS CABIN CLEAN AND TIDY.

Fig 1

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DRIVING

- Select direction and gear (this must always be first gear when stationary).

- Release parking brake.

- Pressing the throttle pedal and the machine will start moving.

- When selecting a higher gear, always release the throttle to idling.

This is to minimize stresses on the drive drain.

- When selecting a lower gear, release the throttle and let the machine
slow down. When moving the gear selector to a lower gear, depress
the throttle to max. revolutions. (Gear change should be as smooth
as possible).
- When changing driving direction, always bring the machine to complete
stop before changing gears.

- When driving uphill, select the gear so that no unnecessary stress is

put on the drive train. A heavy load causes overheating, so overloading
of the drive train can most easily be seen by looking at the transmission
oil temperature gauge. If the temperature rapidly rises close to it’s
maximum, you have selected too high gear. Try one lower one.

-When driving downhill, select such a gear that you can control the
machine without excessive use of brakes. As a general rule of thumb,
when driving downhill, select the same gear that you would use if driving
uphill.

- Drive to the loading place

THE CONDITION OF ROADS UNDERGROUND IS ONE OF THE MOST

IMPORTANT SINGLE FACTOR AFFECTING CAPACITY, EQUIPMENT
DURABILITY AND OPERATORS COMFORT. FOR THIS REASONS,
ALWAYS PATCH AND GRADE THE ROAD AND PICK UP LOOSE
ROCKS TO KEEP THE ROAD IN GOOD CONDITION BEFORE
STARTING ACTUAL LOADING OPERATION.

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APPROACHING THE WORK AREA

Before driving your machine to the working area, walk around and check
that.

- Water in the area is not too deep. If it is, start the pumps or otherwise
arrange for drainage

- Road is in good condition

- You know the location of high voltage cables and connector boxes

- Ceiling and walls are OK

- Ventilation is sufficient

Also remove all hoses, pipes, roof bolts, scaling bars and other objects
which might get damaged or prevent you from operating effectively.

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GENERAL RULES OF LOADING

- Approach the muck pile in first gear, press the bucket lip plate down on
the ground. Penetrate the muck pile with the bucket in this position, until
it is clear from engine noise or from the wheels themselves that the
wheels are beginning to slip. Lift the boom, until the wheels “bite” again.
After this, make quick up-and- down movements with the dump control.
If the wheels slip, lift the boom again. This will help penetration and
avoid wheel spin. (fig.1)

- Keep on mucking, until you see rocks at the upper edge of the bucket.
Most of the time you can fill the bucket with one pass if you penetrate far
enough into the muck pile. You can now lift the bucket to the hauling
position. Back up and lower the boom. Shake off excessive of broken
rock by tilting the bucket slightly from hauling position and then raising it
rapidly back to the closed position. (Fig.2)

- Try to avoid mucking with the loader articulated. (Fig.3)

- Always carry the load on the frame and stop blocks, not on the cylinders.
(Fig.4)

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Fig 1

Fig 2

Fig 3

Fig 4

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DEVELOPMENT LOADING

- When approaching newly blasted rock for the first time, lower the bucket
tip to the ground well before the pile and on the outer right-hand side.
Push pieces of separate rock back to the pile. Repeat this on the left side
before starting actual loading. When loading, work the area on as wide
a front as possible. Work the outer sides of the muck pile first and then
the center. This method will help to avoid loose rocks rolling under tires.

- When loading in a drift, dig down to solid rock except for the last 2 meters.
Leave a 20-30 cm thick layer of gravel to allow the road to be made as
smooth as possible. (Fig.2)

- Shake excessive amounts of broken rock from the bucket. This is to

avoid dropping stones during hauling on to the already smooth road.

Fig.1
Right-hand side

Fig.1
Left-hand side

Fig.2

Fig.3

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DRIFT FACE CLEANING

- Cleaning must be done when rocks are left that cannot be removed by
applying normal loading techniques.

- Raise the boom enough to allow the bucket to be tilted to the full
dumping position. Carefully drive the machine forward so that the bucket
touches the face then lower the bucket lip to ground by lowering the
boom. Penetrate through the gravel and rocks to solid rock with the
bucket lip (Fig.1). Lift the bucket and reverse the machine to give room to
lower the boom. After lowering the boom, drive back to face and lower
the bucket lip to solid rock. Press bucket lip against ground so that front
wheels leave the ground. Reverse the machine with front wheels in the air,
this will allow you to clean the rest of the rocks from the drift end. (Fig.2)

- Repeat this procedure several times across the full width of the face. If
done properly, you will only have a very few rocks left in the corners
which have to be removed manually.

Fig.1

Fig.2

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LOADING IN A STOPE

The bucket filling technique in these conditions is the same as in

development loading. Other points of importance are explained below.

- It is important to keep the ground around loading area free of loose

rocks. These get under the wheels during bucket filling and cause
damage to the tires.

- Do not work the center only, but also on the sides. This makes sure that
ore slides down evenly.

- When loading in a stope, it is often necessary to raise the boom when

filling the bucket i.e. filling on lift cylinders. If the rock starts caving in
when you have bucket in the closed position, reverse immediately and
at the same time turn the bucket to the dump position (Fig.1). This will
prevent rocks and boulders from rolling into the bucket and over the boom.
And also prevent the rear end of the machine from hitting the roof.

- If rock in the draw point jams , do not try to dig it loose with the bucket
(Fig.2). Loosening should be done e.g. by pop shoting.

- Never work the draw point so empty that you have to drive the machine
underneath the stope (Fig.3)

Fig.1

Fig.2 Fig.3

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WORKING ON AN INCLINE

In this type of loading the bucket filling technique differs from other
loading situations because the use of hydraulics must be minimized. This
is necessary to obtain maximum tractive effort from the wheels. The
steeper the incline, the more important is the minimum use of hydraulics is.

- When approaching the muck pile, raise the boom by about 15-30 cm
depending on the angle of the incline. Lower the bucket lip to the ground
and start penetrating the muck pile. Before the wheels start to slip. Slowly
turn the bucket to the hauling position with short, quick movements of the
control lever (Fig.1).

- If you fail to fill the bucket on the first pass, repeat the procedure. Try to
maintain forward motion all the time without the wheels slipping (Fig.2)

Fig.1

Fig.2

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TIPPING INTO AN ORE PASS

- Raise the boom sufficiently to clear the wheel stops. Slow down the
machine with the brake before the front wheels hit the stop. This is to
avoid unnecessary stresses on the front axle.

- Shift the transmission to neutral. Raise the boom and move the bucket
control lever to the “dump” position (Fig.1).

- After the bucket is empty, turn it back to the closed position, reverse from
the pass and lower the boom back on the stop blocks.

- Always remember to shift to neutral when dumping in order to avoid

stalling the converter and also because the output of the hydraulic pumps
(operating speed) is proportional to the engine rpm.

- Always be careful to avoid hitting the ceiling with the bucket.

Fig.1
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LOADING A TRUCK

- If the side of the truck is so high that the bucket cannot be fully tilted, the
dumping action can be helped by rapidly shaking the bucket means of
the dump cylinder or by knocking the boom against the upper stops. Be
careful to avoid hitting the ceiling or the truck (Fig.1).

- If the truck is wide or if you dump from the rear of the truck so that the
pile must be moved on the truck bed, hold the machine with brake pedal.
Keep the bucket in the dumping position and lower the boom as much
as possible, the bucket linkage will now force the bucket and the pile
forward (Fig.2).

- Always load as evenly as possible over whole length of the truck bed.

Fig.1

Fig.2

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PARKING AND STOPPING THE ENGINE

- Stop only in places which do not block the traffic.

- Lower the boom to the lowest position and place the cutting edge of the
bucket against the ground.

- Stop on level ground if possible or turn the machine so that the bucket is
against the gradient and touches the tunnel wall (Fig.1)

- Put the transmission into neutral and release the brakes. If the machine
does not move, you can park it safely.

- Apply the parking brake so that the indicator light begins to flash.
NOTE: THE EMERGENCY BRAKE MUST NOT BE USED FOR PARKING

- Let the engine run at 1500 rpm for at least 3 minutes. This is to stabilize
the engine temperature. Turn the ignition key (or push the engine
shut-off lever) to the “stop” position, to stop the engine.

- Turn the main switch off (and close the water tap of the exhaust gas
scrubber, if exist)

IMPORTANT:

Newer turn electrical power off, whilst the engine is running, as this will
damage the the alternator.

Never park the machine on a gradient or a hill using the parking brake only.
Gear selection has no effect on the braking capacity.

Fig.1 17