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Keywords:
QTP, Quick Test, Quick Test Pro, Descriptive Programming, Programming Description
Introduction:
Descriptive Programming:
Whenever QTP records any action on any object of an application, it adds some
description on how to recognize that object to a repository of objects called object
repository. QTP cannot take action on an object until unless its object description is
in the Object Repository. But descriptive programming provides a way to perform
action on objects which are not in Object repository
Object Identification:
To identify an object during the play back of the scripts QTP stores some properties
which helps QTP to uniquely identify the object on a page. Below screen shots shows
an example Object repository:
Now to recognize a radio button on a page QTP had added 2 properties the name of
the radio button and the html tag for it. The name the left tree view is the logical
name given by QTP for the object. This can be changed as per the convenience of
the person writing the test case. QTP only allows UNIQUE logical name under same
level of hierarchy. As we see in the snapshot the two objects in Browser->Page node
are “WebTable” and “testPath”, they cannot have the same logical name. But an
object under some other node can have the same name. Now with the current
repository that we have, we can only write operation on objects which are in the
repository. Some of the example operations are given below
cellData = Browser("Browser").Page("Page").WebTable
("WebTable").GetCellData (1,1)
Below are some of the situations when Descriptive Programming can be considered
useful:
1. The objects in the application are dynamic in nature and need special
handling to identify the object. The best example would be of clicking a link
which changes according to the user of the application, Ex. “Logout
<<UserName>>”.
2. When object repository is getting huge due to the no. of objects being added.
If the size of Object repository increases too much then it decreases the
performance of QTP while recognizing a object.
3. When you don’t want to use object repository at all. Well the first question
would be why not Object repository? Consider the following scenario which
would help understand why not Object repository
Scenario 1: Suppose we have a web application that has not been developed
yet. Now QTP for recording the script and adding the objects to repository
needs the application to be up, that would mean waiting for the application
to be deployed before we can start of with making QTP scripts. But if we
know the descriptions of the objects that will be created then we can still
start off with the script writing for testing
4. Modification to a test case is needed but the Object repository for the same is
Read only or in shared mode i.e. changes may affect other scripts as well.
5. When you want to take action on similar type of object i.e. suppose we have
20 textboxes on the page and there names are in the form txt_1, txt_2, txt_3
and so on. Now adding all 20 the Object repository would not be a good
programming approach.
This would mean an object with html tag as INPUT and name starting with txt.
Now actually that “.*” was considered as regular expression. So, if you want the
property “name” not to be recognized as a regular expression then you need to
set the “regularexpression” property as FALSE
This is how of we create a description. Now below is the way we can use it
Browser(“Browser”).Page(“Page”).WebEdit(obj_Desc).set “Test”
If we know that we have more than 1 element with same description on the page
then we must define “index” property for the that description
Now the html code has two objects with same description. So distinguish
between these 2 objects we will use the “index” property. Here is the description
for both the object
We can use the same description for both the objects and still distinguish
between both of them
obj_Desc(“html tag”).value= “INPUT”
obj_Desc(“name”).value= “txt_Name”
When I want to refer to the textbox then I will use the inside a WebEdit object
and to refer to the radio button I will use the description object with the
WebRadioGroup object.
But if we use WebElement object for the description then we must define the
“index” property because for a webelement the current description would return
two objects.
When using programmatic descriptions from a specific point within a test object
hierarchy, you must continue to use programmatic descriptions
from that point onward within the same statement. If you specify a test object by
its object repository name after other objects in the hierarchy have
been described using programmatic descriptions, QuickTest cannot identify the
object.
We can use description object to get all the objects on the page that matches that
specific description. Suppose we have to check all the checkboxes present on a
web page. So we will first create an object description for a checkboxe and then
get all the checkboxes from the page
Dim obj_ChkDesc
Set obj_ChkDesc=Description.Create
obj_ChkDesc(“html tag”).value = “INPUT”
obj_ChkDesc(“type”).value = “checkbox”
Set allCheckboxes =
Browse(“Browser”).Page(“Page”).ChildObjects(obj_ChkDesc)
singleCheckBox.Set “ON”
Next
The above code will check all the check boxes present on the page. To get all the
child objects we need to specify an object description i.e. we can’t use the string
arguments that will be discussed later in the 2nd way of using the programming
description.
Set obj_ChkDesc=Description.Create
obj_ChkDesc(“html tag”).value = “INPUT”
obj_ChkDesc(“type”).value = “checkbox”
TestObject("PropertyName1:=PropertyValue1", "..." ,
"PropertyNameX:=PropertyValueX")
Browser(“Browser”).Page(“Page”).WebEdit(“Name:=txt_Name”,”html
tag:=INPUT”).set “Test”
And to refer to the radio button the statement would be as given below
Browser(“Browser”).Page(“Page”).WebRadioGroup(“Name:=txt_Name”,”html
tag:=INPUT”).set “Test”
If we refer to them as a web element then we will have to distinguish between the
2 using the index property
Browser(“Browser”).Page(“Page”).WebElement(“Name:=txt_Name”,”html
tag:=INPUT”,”Index:=0”).set “Test” ‘ Refers to the textbox
Browser(“Browser”).Page(“Page”).WebElement(“Name:=txt_Name”,”html
tag:=INPUT”,”Index:=1”).set “Test” ‘ Refers to the radio button
Reference:
1. “Mercury QuickTest Professional, User’s Guide”
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This article would go over some general issues people face while using
Descriptive Programming (DP) in QTP.
Method 1
Browser("miccclass:=Browser").Page("micclass:=Page"). _
Link("text:=Logout (Tarun)").Click
Method 2
Now both the above methods will fail giving below mentioned error
Cannot identify the object "[ Link ]" (of class Link). Verify that this object's
properties match an object currently displayed in your application.
Looking through the naked eyes on the web page the link does exist indeed
So what went wrong? The problem was with the characters "(" and ")"
present in the text of the link we used. By default QTP treats all DP
properties as regular expression (r.e.) patterns and "(xxx)" is considered as a
group of patter xxx. The text "Logout (Tarun)" when treated as a r.e. gets a
literal meaning of "Logout Tarun", and since there is no such link on the
web page QTP throws an error. To avoid such situations we need to escape
the regular expression characters using the escape character "\". Now we
have three different solutions to correct the problem
Method 1
Browser("miccclass:=Browser").Page("micclass:=Page"). _
Link("text:=Logout \(Tarun\)").Click
Method 2
Browser("miccclass:=Browser").Page("micclass:=Page").Link(oDesc).Click
IMO Method 3 should be preferred for a neater coding as we are using the
actual text of the link.
• rows and cols are dynamic properties which might change if the table
gets updated. These properties should be avoided
• Only one of the properties from innertext, outertext, outerhtml and
innerhtml should be used
• outerhtml and innerhtml properties should be avoided as they contains
various tags and difficult to express
• When using Browser().Page().WebTable(oDesc) we can skip
specifying the micclass and html tag properties also because as soon
as we enclose oDesc with the WebTable() test object these two
properties are mostly implied.
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This article discusses how we can convert an Object repository based script
to DP based script. For this we will do a simple recording of entering some
text on Google.com search text box and clicking the Google search button
All the names used between "" are logical name of the objects in the Object
Repository ("Browser", "Page", "Google", "q", "Google Search") as shown
in below image
Now let’s look the below statement and try and convert it to DP
Browser("Browser").Page("Google").WebButton("Google Search").Click
type = submit
Browser("Browser").Page("Google").WebButton("type:=Submit", _
"name:=Google Search", "html tag:=INPUT").Click
In this we first create a description of the object and then use it in the
statement
Browser("Browser").Page("Google").WebButton(oGoogleSearch).Click
DP Converted script
Browser("micclass:=Browser").Page("Page").Sync
Browser("micclass:=Browser").Navigate "http://www.google.com"
Browser("micclass:=Browser").Page("micclass:=Page").WebEdit("name:=q
").Set _
"KnowledgeInbox"
Browser("micclass:=Browser").Page("micclass:=Page") _
.WebButton("type:=Submit", "name:=Google Search", "html
tag:=A").Click
Note: We will discuss more in details about micclass used above in later
articles
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Description
Enables you to control the recovery scenario mechanism programmatically during the run
session. The recovery scenario mechanism enables you to instruct QuickTest to recover
from unexpected events and errors that occur in your testing environment during a run
session.
Activate
Description
Explicitly activates the recovery scenario mechanism at a specific point in the run.
Note: The Activate method only works if the recovery mechanism is enabled, and only
activates those recovery scenarios that are currently enabled.
If the recovery mechanism is currently disabled, the Activate method does not activate
any recovery scenarios. You can use the Recovery object's Enabled property to change
the status of the recovery mechanism.
Syntax
Recovery.Activate
Example
The following example uses the Activate method to explicitly activate recovery scenarios
three times—the first time it explicitly activates the three scenarios associated with the
current test; the second time it activates only the first and third scenario, since the second
scenario is disabled; the third time it does not activate any scenarios, since the entire
recovery mechanism is disabled.
ScenarioFile = Empty
ScenarioName = Empty
Next
Recovery.Activate
Recovery.SetScenarioStatus 2, False
Recovery.Activate
Recovery = False
Recovery.Activate
GetScenarioName
Description
Retrieves the name and source file of a recovery scenario, according to the specified
position in the list of recovery scenarios associated with the test.
Syntax
GetScenarioPositio
Description
Returns the index position of a recovery scenario in the list of recovery scenarios
associated with the test, according to the specified name and source file.
Syntax
Return Value
Number
GetScenarioStatus
Description
Returns the status of a recovery scenario (True = enabled or False = disabled), according
to the specified index position in the list of recovery scenarios associated with the test.
Syntax
Recovery.GetScenarioStatus Position
Return Value
Boolean
SetScenarioStatus
Description
Enables or disables the specified recovery scenario, according to its index position in the
list of recovery scenarios associated with the test.
Syntax
Count
Description
Returns the number of recovery scenarios associated with the current test.
Syntax
Recovery.Count
Return Value
Number
Enabled
Description
Recovery default property. Retrieves or sets the status of the recovery scenario
mechanism for the current test.
Syntax
Recovery.Enabled
or
Recovery
Recovery.Enabled =Status
or
Recovery =Status
Argument Type Description
Status Boolean The status of the specified scenario (True = enabled or False =
disabled).
ReportEvent Method
Description
Syntax
Examples
The following examples use the ReportEvent method to report a failed step.
or
The following example uses the ReportEvent method to include a captured bitmap in the
test results.
Browser("Browser").Page("WebPage").Image("MyLogo").CaptureBitmap("MyLogo.bm
p")