Primary Sources

Interview(s)
Anne Teal, Stephanie Amanze at Brockton, Massachusetts, May 2019.
Anne Teal was a former pupil in the Nigerian educational system. In this interview, she
helped us to further understand the schooling perspective of the war.
Father Peter Nolan, Stephanie Amanze at West Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, April 2019.
This interview was done with the Father Peter Nolan, a priest at the St Theresa-Avila
Catholic Church in Boston, Massachusetts. Father Peter Nolan was interviewed on his side of the
Biafran War considering he was one of the Irish missionaries to help and aid the Biafran
children. He is well-known for being involved with the Biafran people during their time of war.
Mr. Steve Omoruyi, Sofiyat Bello at Hyde Park, Massachusetts, April 2019.
This interview was conducted with Steve Omoruyi, an ex-soldier of the Nigerian army.
The main purpose of this interview was to gather balancing information on the events prior to the
war, the cause of the war, and the Nigerian perspective about the war. This contributed towards
the success of this project, because likewise any war, supporters of either side of the fight believe
in and report varying aspects of the war. To maintain balanced information projection, opinions
from both sides are influential.
Honorable Ismaila Awolari, Sofiyat Bello at Milton, Massachusetts, April 2019.
This interview was conducted with Honorable Ismaila Awolari, a former local legislator
of the Lagos state government. The main purpose of this interview was to gather information
from day-to-day life of Nigerian citizen. This contributed towards the success of the project,
because citizens and everyday people during the war were those most affected by the war.
Ted Okere (Pastor), Stephanie Amanze at Brockton, Massachusetts, January 2019.
We recorded this personal interview with Pastor Ted Okere, a head pastor at Christ
Apostolic Church in Hyde Park, Massachusetts. Pastor Ted Okere along with the group asked
and answered questions concerning the humanitarian conflict/effect of the Nigerian Civil War.
He also gave important insight into the politics of the war.

Digital Image(s)
A publication issued by the Central Office of Information, about the independence of Nigeria.
Digital image. Accessed February 5, 2019.
https://www.learner.org/courses/worldlit/media/things-fall-apart/timeline/CE1960_01_lg.jpg.
In London 1960, the Central Office of Information published this article. We used this as
a primary source for our "Historical Context" page. It helped point out the British perspective of
Nigeria's independence.
 Primary Sources

Newspaper Article(s)
"BIAFRA Where Children Wait To Die." Accessed February 5, 2019.
https://static.cambridge.org/resource/id/urn:cambridge.org:id:binary-alt:20180930114525-
86788-mediumThumb-11180fig4_2.jpg?pub-status=live.
Due to the photo's blurriness, it is unknown who the publisher of this article is, but what
is known is that this newspaper article was made to gain the public's sympathy for Biafrans. It
helped us understand the aid and sympathy spread toward Biafra during the war.

Borders, William. "In Former Biafra, The Scars of War Fade." Nigerianmuse.com. Accessed
February 6, 2019.
https://www.nigerianmuse.com/important_documents/Biafra_Scars_of_War_Fade_page_1_NYT
_Jan_17_1971.jpg.
Nigerianmuse.com is a commentary website on Nigeria. This newspaper article was
given to the New York Times by a writer concerning the aftermath of the war. We used this to
show the influence aid programs had on former Biafra.

New York Times. "BIAFRANS CAPITULATE TO NIGERIA, ENDING 30-MONTH LONG

CIVIL WAR; U.S. INCREASES GRANT FOR RELIEF." New York Times, February 3, 1970,
Late City ed. Accessed January 20, 2019.
https://s1.nyt.com/timesmachine/pages/1/1970/01/13/86345889_360W.png.
The New York Times published this newspaper article a few weeks after the end of the
war to inform Americans about the events taken place. We used this photo as a primary source
for our website to provide more evidence in America's involvement.

Book(s)
St. Jorre, John De. The Brothers War: Biafra and Nigeria. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton
Mifflin Company, 1972.
John de St. Jorre is a British writer who was educated in Singapore. He has written and
edited many articles for the New York Times and Washington Post. From this source, we
acquired information concerning the generals and leaders of the war from an unbiased view.
This is a primary source because the book included mainly journal entries and photographs from
the war.

Website(s)
"Biafra: A Note from a Mind's Diary." RepublicReporters. May 31, 2015. Accessed January 27,
2019. http://republicreporters.com/biafra-a-note-from-a-minds-diary/.
 Primary Sources

Even though RepublicReporters.com published this article, it was a survivor who wrote
the words. We cite this as a primary since it was a diary entry published on a website. From the
site, we attained a diary entry from a survivor of the war. It really helped with our "Tragedy"
section.

"Dear Professor Emeagwali." Philip Emeagwali - A Father of the Internet - Supercomputer

Biography. Accessed February 1, 2019. http://emeagwali.com/letters/collected-biafran-letters-to-
philip-emeagwali.htm.
This was classified as a primary source due to the fact that the whole page consisted of
just letters back and forth between people. There were no other words, no logo, and no icons or
buttons. We used this mainly for our "Historical Context" pages.

"Images of Biafra." Index. Accessed February 11, 2019. http://www.philip-effiong.com/Biafra2.

We cite this as a primary source because there were no other statements besides the
photos and reports. This helped our website with photos on different pages.

"INTRODUCING THE REPUBLIC OF BIAFRA." History of BIAFRA. 1967. Accessed

November 16, 2018. http://www.biafraland.com/biafrahistory.htm.
In 1967, the Biafran Government published this document proclaiming the birth of
Biafra. Inside this document, the government told of the borders of Biafra, it’s provinces, why it
separated from Nigeria, it’s political and social systems, and its economic resources. We cited
this as a primary source because the webpage has no other icons nor buttons to press. It is just the
document and a table of contents in an electronic medium.

"The Famine in Biafra - USAID's Response to the Nigerian Civil War." Association for
Diplomatic Studies and Training. March 16, 2018. Accessed January 12, 2019.
https://adst.org/2014/05/the-famine-in-biafra-usaids-response-to-the-nigerian-civil-war/.
We cited this as a primary source due to the fact that there were no other reports besides
interviews from aid companies during the war and images relating to the war. Many of the
quotes were used on our website and helped with the sections concerning aid in our project.

U.S. Department of State. Accessed February 11, 2019. https://2001-

2009.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/nixon/e5/54647.htm.
This is a webpage from the U.S. Department of State, which is why it is cited as primary.
From this, we obtained statements from Richard Nixon during the war.
Primary Sources