Noun Kv‡K e‡j ? Noun KZ cÖKvi I wK wK ??

Noun & its kinds

Definition: ‡h word Øviv †Kvb e¨w³ e¯‘, ¯’vb ev wµqv cÖfw„ Zi bvg eySvq Zv‡K Noun
e‡j|cªK…Zc‡ÿ,Avgv‡`i †Pv‡Li mvg‡b Avgiv hv †`wL Zvi meB Noun।
(A Noun is a naming word which governs the subject or is governed as the object
by a verb/ preposition. Noun refers to any kind of name. Means, whatever we are
seeing and watching around us is noun.Nouns are used to name persons, things,
animals, events, places, ideas, etc. It is mainly a naming word. )

Example : Hasan, Bangladesh, School, Student, Father, Mother, Honesty, Cholera,

Gold etc.

More Example on Noun:

e¨w³i bvg - Karim does not like to go to school.

cÖvYxi bvg - The cow is a useful animal.
e¯‘i bvg - I read a book.
‡`‡ki bvg - Kuwait is a Muslim country.
¯’v‡bi bvg - Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh.
c`v‡_©i bvg - Iron is a useful metal.
b`xi bvg - The Padma is a big river.
¸‡Yi bvg - Honesty is the best policy.
Functions of Noun – (Noun Gi Kvh©vejx):
Sentence G Noun KwZcq Dcv‡q KvR K‡i|| wb‡¤œ D`vniYmn Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jvt
• Verb Gi Subject wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
Ex- Shayla is a brilliant girl.
Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh.
Education is the backbone of a nation.
• Verb Gi object wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
Ex- I like biology.
Farmers depend on agriculture.
 • Linking verb Gi Complement wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
Ex- He seemed a nice man.
He is a doctor.
• Preposition Gi object wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| Ex- Suba is fond of sweets.
• Incomplete verb Gi complement ev cwic~iK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
Ex-We made Nazir captain.
They elected me Chairman.
• Noun in apposition ev Noun Gi ¯’jvwfwl³ wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| Ex- Mr.
Masudur Rahman, the executive director of Prime Bank, is a
sagacious person.
Sagor, my student,is a brilliant boy.

Noun cÖavbZ `yB cÖKvit

h_vt-
a) Concrete Noun (Bw›`ªqMÖvn¨g~jK we‡kl¨) I
b) Abstract Noun (wPšÍvg~jK ev ¸YevPK we‡kl¨)
Concrete Noun †K Avevi Pvi fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq h_v t
(i) Proper Noun (ii) Common Noun
(iii) Collective Noun (iv) Material Noun
myZivs , ejv hvq Noun mvaviYZ cuvP cÖKvi |

Noun

Concrete Noun Abstract Noun

Proper Noun Common Noun Collective Noun Material Noun

Concrete Noun- ‡h Noun -Gi evwn¨K Aw¯ÍZ¡ Av‡Q, A_©¨vr hv Bw›`ª‡qi mvnv‡h¨
Dcjwä Kiv hvq ev †`Lv hvq, MÜ cvIqv hvq, †Quvqv hvq ev Av¯^v`b Kiv hvq Zv‡K
Concrete Noun e‡j|
(A Noun which has external physical existence that can be perceived
through senses or can be seen, smelt, touched or tasted.)
Example-
 ‡`Lv hvq -Cow, book etc.
MÜ †bIqv hvq - gas, air etc.
Concrete Noun Gi classification:
I. Proper Noun (bvgevePK we‡kl¨): †h me noun †Kvb wbw`©ó e¨w³, ¯’vb ev
e¯‘‡K †evSvq †m¸‡jv nj Proper Noun.
II. Common Noun (RvwZ evPK we‡kl¨): †h me noun †Kvb wbw`©ó e¨w³, ¯’vb
ev e¯‘‡K bv †evSv‡q H RvZxq cÖwZwU wRwbm‡K ‡evSvq †m¸‡jv nj Common
Noun.
Proper Nouns Common Nouns
Nasima a girl
Nasim a boy
Dhaka a city
Friday a day
April a month
The Meghna a river
Asia a continent
III. Collective Noun (mgwóevPK we‡kl¨): †h me Noun GKB RvZxq e¨w³, e¯‘
ev cÖvYx‡K c„_K c„_Kfv‡e bv eywS‡q mgwóMZfv‡e †evSvq †m¸‡jv‡K Collective
Noun e‡j| Common Noun and Collective Noun nj Countable
Noun- hv MYbv Kiv hvq|
†hgb-Army, Team, Class, Soldier, Rahman joined the army. The army
fought bravely. This football team is strong.

Noun of Multitude: Collective noun Øviv hLb †Kvb e¨w³ ev e¯‘i

cÖ‡Z¨KwU wfbœ wfbœ fv‡e eySvq Zv‡K Noun of Multitude e‡j|
h_v-The jury are divided in their opinions.

IV. Material Noun (e¯‘evPK we‡kl¨): †h me Noun Øviv e¯‘i g~j Dcv`v‡bi
bvg †evSvq, hv MYbv Kiv hvq bv; wKš‘ IRb Kiv hvq †m¸‡jv nj Material
Noun. †hgb- Gold, iron, water, rice, milk, gas BZ¨vw`|
 Material Noun MYbv Kiv hvq bv, ïay IRb Kiv hvq| Material Noun
Gi Av‡M †Kvb Article e‡m bv, †Kej gvÎ wbw`©ó K‡i eySv‡j Zvi Av‡M
‘the’ e‡m| h_v-
Gold is a precious (g~j¨evb) metal (avZz).
 Water is liquid (Zij).
The chair is made of wood.
Silver and gold have none.
 wbw`©ó K‡i eySv‡j Av‡M ‘the’ e‡m| h_v-
The gold of this ring (AvswU) is pure .-Common Noun
The water of the Gangs is sacred (cweÎ). -Common Noun

Abstract Nouns (¸YevPK we‡kl¨): †h me Noun †Kvb e¨w³ ev e¯‘i bvg bv eywS‡q †mB
e¨w³ ev e¯‘i ¸Y, †`vl ev Ae¯’vi bvg †evSvq Zv‡`i‡K Abstract Nouns e‡j| †hgb-
goodness, happiness, beauty, punctuality, honesty, truth, love, sorrow
BZ¨vw`- Abstract Nouns Gi D`vnviY|
h_v- Honesty is the best policy. (quality)
He is active since his childhood. (state)
Kindness is a great virtue. (quality)

Use of One Kind of Noun as Another

♦ Important notes on noun :
Note-1: mv`„k¨ †evSv‡Z hvi mv‡_ mv`„k¨ Kíbv Kiv nq †m e¨w³ ev ¯’vb Common noun
nq| Avevi , GKB bv‡gi GKvwaK e¨w³ ev ¯’vb †evSv‡j Proper noun bv n‡q Common noun
nq|
D`vniYmg~nt
✪ Narayangonj is the 𝓓𝓓𝓾𝓾𝓷𝓷𝓭𝓭𝓮𝓮𝓮𝓮 of Bangladesh.
✪ There are ten 𝓚𝓚𝓪𝓪𝓻𝓻𝓲𝓲𝓶𝓶𝓼𝓼 in our village.
✪ There are many 𝓗𝓗𝓮𝓮𝓵𝓵𝓮𝓮𝓷𝓷s in our country.
✪ A Romeo is coming.
✪ Mujib is the 𝓜𝓜𝓪𝓪𝓷𝓷𝓭𝓭𝓮𝓮𝓵𝓵𝓪𝓪 of Bangladesh.
wet `ªt
Avgiv ms†ÿ‡c g‡b ivL‡Z cvwi †h, ‡h – Noun Gi c~‡e© Determiner ‡m¸‡jvi c~‡e© Determiner
e¨eüZ n‡j ZLb Proper noun bv n‡q Common noun nq|
D`vniYmg~nt
✪ A 𝑺𝑺𝒉𝒉𝒂𝒂𝒎𝒎𝒊𝒊𝒎𝒎 is coming.
✪ Nazrul is the 𝐁𝐁𝐲𝐲𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐨𝐧𝐧 of Bangladesh.
✪ You are a 𝐍𝐍𝐚𝐚𝐳𝐳𝐫𝐫𝐮𝐮𝐥𝐥, I see.
✪ I see, you are a 𝐌𝐌𝐚𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐝𝐝𝐞𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐚𝐚.
Note-2: KL‡bv KL‡bv Common Noun ¸‡jv Abstract Noun- G cwiYZ nq| Father,
Mother,sister, brother BZ¨vw`i Gi c~‡e© mvaviYZ Article e‡m bv| wKš‘ G Noun ¸‡jv Øviv †Kvb
e¨w³i ¸Y cÖKvk Ki‡j Abstract Noun- Giv wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq|
Structure :The + Common noun+ preposition(in). G‡ÿ‡Î Common Noun wU
Abstract Noun nq |
D`vniYmg~nt
✪ The 𝒎𝒎𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒕𝒉𝒉𝒆𝒆𝒓𝒓 rose in her to see the orphan boy.
✪ The 𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒊𝒐𝒐𝒏𝒏 in the man should be checked.
✪ Check the 𝒃𝒃𝒆𝒆𝒂𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒕𝒕 in you.
Examples in structure:
1. Proper noun used as Common noun:
Proper Noun Common Noun
1. i) Bankim was the author of many Bankim was the Scott of
novels in Bengali. Bengal.
ii) Scott was a novelist of England.
2. Sabit is an honest boy. There are two Sabits in
our village.
3. Harun-or-Rashid was a pious ruler. All rulers of Abbasiya
dynasty were not Harun-
or-Rashid.
2. Material noun used as Common noun:
(a) i) Gold is a valuable metal. (Material Noun)
ii) The gold of this ring is pure. (Common Noun)
(b) i) Rice is our chief food. (Material Noun)
ii) The rice of Dinajpur is finer than that of Bogra. (Common Noun)
3. Collective noun used as Common noun:
(a) i)The army is ready to go for Africa. (Collective Noun)
ii) Some armies were sent to Bosnia. (Common Noun)
(b) i) He is the best boy in the class. (Collective Noun)
ii) There are ten classes in our school. (Common Noun)
4. Common noun used as Abstract noun:
(a) i) The tiger is a ferocious beast. (Common Noun)
ii) Check the beast in you. (Abstract Noun)
(b) i) Rabeya has become a mother. (Common Noun)
ii) The mother rose in her. (Abstract Noun)
More about the difference among Common, Material & Abstract Noun.
(i) Observe the difference between a Common Noun and a Material Noun.
Common Noun Material Noun
Ring Gold
River Water
Bread Flour
Sugarcane Sugar
(ii) Observe the difference between a Proper Noun and a Common Noun.
Common Proper
A woman Mrs. Amina
A man Mr. Kamal. Mr. Amin
A boy Kamal, Amin, Salam
A girl Nasrin, Najma, Amina
A city Dhaka, Rangpur, London
A day Friday, Sunday
A month April, January
A river The Padma, The Meghna
Newspaper The Sangbad, The Observer
(iii) Observe the difference between a Common Noun and an Abstract noun.
Common Abstract
Man Manhood
Child Childhood
Hero heroism
Patriot Patriotism
Friend Friendship

• Compound Nouns : GKvwaK noun wg‡j GKwU noun i~‡c e¨en„Z n‡j ev
GKwU noun Gi KvR Ki‡j, Zv‡K Compound noun e‡j| †hgb- Summer
holiday, Country boat, College library, Tower bridge, swimming
pool etc.

• Pair Nouns : GKB iKg `ywU Ask wb‡q MwVZ wRwbmB Pair nouns. ‡hgb-
trousers, pants, shorts, pajamas, spectacles, glasses, scissors, shoes,
binoculars. Pair noun me©`vB plural Ges Gme noun Gi ci Plural verb
nq|
Example :
1. My trousers are dirty.
 2. These scissors are not sharp.
3. These glasses are very expensive.
MYbvi w`K w`‡q Noun `yB cÖKvi| †hgb-
a) Countable ev Count Nouns (MYbvevPK we‡kl¨)|
b) Uncountable ev Uncount Nouns A_ev Mass Nouns (cwigvYevPK we‡kl¨)|

Count Nouns : ‡h me Noun MYbv Kiv hvq, †m¸‡jv n‡jv Count nouns. G‡`i
Singular-Plural nq| †hgb- a boy, two boys; a day, three days; a week,
four weeks; ten years, an idea, a problem, a suggestion, a journey, a
newspaper etc.

Uncount Nouns/Mass Nouns: ‡h me Noun MYbv Kiv hvq bv wKš‘ cwigvY wbi~cY
Kiv hvq †m¸‡jv nj Uncount A_ev Mass nouns. G‡`i Singular-Plural ‡bB|
‡hgb- Water, bread, chalk, salt, paper BZ¨vw`| wKš‘ G‡`i Av‡M cwigvcK kã
Measure word + of emv‡j Count Nouns nq| †hgb- a piece of paper; a slice
of bread; a pinch of salt; a bottle of milk; a pot of jam; a packet of
sweets; two acres of land BZ¨vw`|

e¨env‡ii aiY mv‡c‡ÿ GKB Noun Avevi Count I Mass DfqB n‡Z cv‡i|
Example :

Count Nouns Mass Nouns

a. I had a good time with you. Don’t waste time.
b. She picked some flowers from Flowers are gifts of nature.
my garden.
c. It is a pleasure to help you. I help you with pleasure.
d. It is a beautiful painting. He is good at painting.
e. Isn’t she a beauty? The beauty of a mother’s love is
matchless.
KZ¸‡jv Count noun I Mass noun e¨envi mv‡c‡ÿ A‡_©i w`K w`‡q wVK _v‡K bv|
Example :
 Count Nouns
a. I have got a paper this morning.
b. The journey was an unpleasant
experience.
c. My father has a small business
(a shop / company).
d. I have a light on my table.
e. I have an iron for my clothes.
Mass Nouns
Write on paper. (a news- paper)
He was no experience for the job.
(skill etc.)
I have no business with you
(task/duty).
The sun gives us light.
Iron is a useful metal.

mvaviYZ Zij c`v_©‡K Mass noun ejv nq, †hgb- tea I coffee. wKš‘ hLb Zv cvbxq
wn‡m‡e †`qv-‡bqvi Rb¨ order drinks ev offer drinks Gfv‡e e¨envi Kiv nq, ZLb Zv
Count noun. Ges a cup of tea/coffee- ‡K Avgiv a tea/coffee ej‡Z cvwi|

Two teas/coffees, please.

Do you like coffee? (Uncount)
We asked for two coffees. (Count)

Exercise
 State the different kinds of Noun of the bold Words:
 A flock of sleep is passing by.
 They are friends.
 This axe is made of iron.
 Industry has its own reward.
 The jury are divided in their opinions.
 Man hankers after happiness.
 The committee consists of seven members.
 Lion is the king of beasts.
 Wisdom is better than strength.
 Tom is our pet dog.

Exercise-2
 Fill in the blanks with suitable nouns
1. ............... is valuable.
2. ......... is a useful metal.
3. Nazrul Islam is a .................. poet .
4. ................. is man’s birth right.
5. Ice floats on .....................
6. What .............. do you read in ?
7. Titanic sank in ............
8. ........... is a sacred book.
9. The .......... fought bravely.
10. Give me the ....................... .

Prepared By : S M Shamim Ahmed

B. A(Hons.)Double M.A( Eng. Lit.) &
M.A in Applied Linguistic & ELT (J.U)