Dqs393

DQS393
MEASUREMENT OF
CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS
EARTHWORK :
VOLUME
CALCULATION
A ‘PIECE OF WORK’ BY :
NUR’AIN BT. ISMAIL
DQS393_CLASS F :
1
EARTHWORK_NUR'AIN ISMAIL
LEARNING OUTCOMES
• Ability to prepare draft Bills of

Quantities based on Malaysian Civil
Engineering Standard Method of
Measurement for EARTHWORKS.
DQS393_CLASS F :
2
EARTHWORK
• General principle = to measure

excavation works.
• Shown in drawings or directed by the
engineer/S.O/PD.
• NOT COVERED = any excavation for

temporary works done by the
Contractor.
DQS393_CLASS F :
3
BULK EXCAVATION
DQS393_CLASS F :
4
BULK EXCAVATION
CLASS F : Excavation in CUT

MEASURED IN CUBIC METRE (m³).
1. Cut to fill
– The excavated material is used as
filling for the Work.
– EXCAVATION + FILLING (with
excavated material)
2. Cut and dispose
– The excavated material is to be
disposed of.
– EXCAVATION + DISPOSAL
DQS393_CLASS F :
5
BULK EXCAVATION
Excavation in a LARGE VOLUME

involving CUT, DISPOSE and FILL.
CUT
PROPOSED
PLATFORM
LEVEL
FILL
DQS393_CLASS F :
6
BULK EXCAVATION
1. Volume of CUT > FILL
CUT
PROPOSED
PLATFORM
LEVEL
FILL
The items that shall be

measured :
BALANC
a. CUT TO FILL E
TO BE
b. CUT AND DISPOSE DISPOSE
DQS393_CLASS F :
7
BULK EXCAVATION
2. Volume of CUT < FILL
CUT
PROPOSED
PLATFORM
LEVEL
FILL
The items that shall be

measured :
a. CUT TO FILL FILLING
WITH
IMPORTED
b. FILLING MATERIAL
DQS393_CLASS F :
8
VOLUME CALCULATION
METHOD
There are various method of
calculation the volume that can be
used.
MOST USED and RELIABLE METHOD

of calculating the VOLUME of
excavation in cut :
• Average Depth Method (with or
without weightage)
• Simpsons’ Rules
• Prismodal Rules
• Conventional Method
DQS393_CLASS F :
9
VOLUME CALCULATION
METHOD
• Method used largely determined
by the shape and type of works.
• Accuracy, reasonableness and
speed of operation are the main
factors to consider when selecting
the method of calculating the
volume of excavation.
• Method used must be agreed at
an early stage before works starts.
DQS393_CLASS F :
10
BULK EXCAVATION
Average Depth Method (with or

without weightage)
Suitable for preparation of platform

for domestic development such as
residential usually involves cutting
and filling
DQS393_CLASS F :
11
AVERAGE DEPTH METHOD
DQS393_CLASS F :
12
Site Boundary
15.00
15.00
scale : 1:100
DQS393_CLASS F :
13
Site Boundary
15.00
15.00
scale : 1:100
create GRID
size 25 x 25
DQS393_CLASS F :
14
Site Boundary
A B C D E F G
1
C2 D2 E2
2
3
15.00
4
5
Labeled GRID POINT
6
7
15.00
scale : 1:100
create GRID
size 25 x 25
DQS393_CLASS F :
15
Site Boundary
A B C D E F G
1
CUT
C2 D2 E2
FILL
2
Platform Level =
80.00
3
15.00
4
5
Labeled GRID POINT
6
7
15.00
scale : 1:100
create GRID
size 25 x 25
DQS393_CLASS F :
16
Site Boundary
A B C D E F G
1
CUT
C2 D2 E2
FILL
2
Platform Level =
80.00
3
Identify LEVEL of
15.00
EACH grid point using
4
INTERPOLATION
METHOD
5
Labeled GRID POINT
6
7
15.00
scale : 1:100
create GRID
size 25 x 25
DQS393_CLASS F :
17
Identify LEVEL of EACH grid point using INTERPOLATION
METHOD
View ON PLAN
C
B
y A
x 1. Identify distance
AB (x) & BC (y)
Level : 80.00
E
Grid point E5
D View by SECTION
Height :
1.00 m
Y : 1.60 m X : 2.30 m A
C B
Level : 79.00 Level : 79.00
DQS393_CLASS F :
18
Level : 80.00
E
Grid point E5
D
Height :
1.00 m
Y : 0.60 m B X : 2.30 m A
C
Level : 79.00 Level : 79.00
2. Insert in Formulae below :

AB DB
=
AC EC
DB AB
=
EC AC
AB X EC X (1.00)
DB = = = Z
AC
( X + Y)
2.30 (1.00)
= = 0.59
(2.30 + 1.60)
E5 = 79.00 + 0.59
= 79.59
DQSQSD393_CLASS F :
19
AVERAGE DEPTH METHOD – CUT TABLE
POINT EXISTING LEVEL PLATFORM LEVEL DEPTH
A1 84.80 80.00 4.80

A2 83.67 80.00 3.67
A3 82.63 80.00 2.63
A4 81.62 80.00 1.62
A5 80.60 80.00 0.60
B1 83.80 80.00 3.80
B2 83.13 80.00 3.13
B3 82.27 80.00 2.27
B4 81.43 80.00 1.43
B5 80.44 80.00 0.44
C1 82.47 80.00 2.47
C2 82.21 80.00 2.21
C3 81.72 80.00 1.72
C4 81.09 80.00 1.09
C5 80.20 80.00 0.20
D1 81.55 80.00 1.55
D2 81.42 80.00 1.42
D3 80.90 80.00 0.90
D4 80.37 80.00 0.37
E1 80.50 80.00 0.50
E2 80.13 80.00 0.13
TOTAL 36.95
Average DEPTH : 36.95 m 1.76 m

=
21
DQS393_CLASS F :
20
AVERAGE DEPTH METHOD – FILL TABLE
POINT EXISTING LEVEL PLATFORM LEVEL DEPTH
A6 78.29 80.00 1.71

A7 78.88 80.00 1.12
B6 78.94 80.00 1.06
B7 78.18 80.00 1.82
C6 79.00 80.00 1.00
C7 78.17 80.00 1.83
D5 79.71 80.00 0.29
D6 78.84 80.00 1.16
D7 78.10 80.00 1.90
E3 79.86 80.00 0.14
E4 79.59 80.00 0.41
E5 79.23 80.00 0.77
E6 78.60 80.00 1.40
E7 77.86 80.00 2.14
F1 79.62 80.00 0.38
F2 79.41 80.00 0.59
F3 79.21 80.00 0.79
F4 78.80 80.00 1.20
F5 78.59 80.00 1.41
F6 78.23 80.00 1.77
F7 77.52 80.00 2.48
G1 78.84 80.00 1.16
G2 78.63 80.00 1.37
G3 78.36 80.00 1.64
G4 78.07 80.00 1.93
G5 77.80 80.00 2.20
G6 77.36 80.00 2.64
G7 76.83 80.00 3.17
TOTAL 39.48
Average DEPTH : 39.48 m 1.41 m

=
28 DQS393_CLASS F :
21
VOLUME OF CUT :
1
CUT = X Length X Width X Depth
2
= 1
X 150.00 m X 150.00 m X 1.76 m
2
= 19,800.00 m³
VOLUME OF FILL :
1
FILL = X Length X Width X Depth
2
= 1
X 150.00 m X 150.00 m X 1.41 m
2
= 15,862.50 m³
DQS393_CLASS F :
22
CLASS F : EARTHWORK
Job : Element : Slip No :
Proposed Earthwork in Lot 1234, Seri EARTHWORK 1
Iskandar, Perak for UiTM (Perak)
Heading :
Description: Code : Unit : m³
Excavation ; cut to fill ; earth

F121 Qtty :
15,863
1
2 150.00 [ Fill
150.00
1.41
15,862.50
DQS393_CLASS F :
23
CLASS F : EARTHWORK
Heading :
Excavation ; cut and dispose ; earth

F131 Qtty :
3,938
1
2 150.00 [ Cut
150.00
1.76
19,800.00
1
2 150.00 [ DDT Fill
150.00
1.41
15,862.50
3,937.50
DQS393_CLASS F :
24
CLASS F : EARTHWORK
Heading :
Filling ; general ; excavated material

F311 Qtty :
15,863
15,862.50 [ Fill
1.00 quantity taken
1.00 from slip no 1
15,862.50
DQS393_CLASS F :
25
(WITH WEIGHTAGE)
Site Boundary
A B C D E F G
1
1 2 2 2 2 2 1
2
2 4 4 4 4 4 2
3
CUT
15.00
4
FILL
5
6
1 2
7
15.00
scale : 1:100
Platform Level = 80.00
DQS393_CLASS F :
26
AVERAGE DEPTH METHOD (with
weightage) – CUT TABLE
CUT
POINT EXISTING PLATFORM DEPTH WEIGHTAGE WEIGHTAGE

LEVEL LEVEL DEPTH
A1 84.80 80.00 4.80 1 4.80
A2 83.67 80.00 3.67 2 7.34
A3 82.63 80.00 2.63 2 5.26
A4 81.62 80.00 1.62 2 3.24
A5 80.60 80.00 0.60 2 1.80
B1 83.80 80.00 3.80 2 7.60
B2 83.13 80.00 3.13 4 12.52
B3 82.27 80.00 2.27 4 9.08
B4 81.43 80.00 1.43 4 5.72
B5 80.44 80.00 0.44 4 1.76
C1 82.47 80.00 2.47 2 4.94
C2 82.21 80.00 2.21 4 8.84
C3 81.72 80.00 1.72 4 6.88
C4 81.09 80.00 1.09 4 4.36
C5 80.20 80.00 0.20 4 0.80
D1 81.55 80.00 1.55 2 3.10
D2 81.42 80.00 1.42 4 5.68
D3 80.90 80.00 0.90 4 3.60
D4 80.37 80.00 0.37 4 1.48
E1 80.50 80.00 0.50 2 1.00
E2 80.13 80.00 0.13 4 0.52
TOTAL 36.95 Y (65) X (100.32)
Average Total
WEIGHTAGE Weightage Zm
=
DEPTH : depth
(X)
Total
weightage
(Y) QSD393_CLASS F :
27
AVERAGE DEPTH METHOD (with
weightage) – FILL TABLE
FILL
POINT EXISTING PLATFORM DEPTH WEIGHTAGE WEIGHTAGE

LEVEL LEVEL DEPTH
A6 78.29 80.00 1.71 2 3.42
A7 78.88 80.00 1.12 1 1.12
B6 78.94 80.00 1.06 4 4.24
B7 78.18 80.00 1.82 2 3.64
C6 79.00 80.00 1.00 4 4.00
C7 78.17 80.00 1.83 2 3.66
D5 79.71 80.00 0.29 4 1.16
D6 78.84 80.00 1.16 4 4.64
D7 78.10 80.00 1.90 2 3.80
E3 79.86 80.00 0.14 4 0.56
E4 79.59 80.00 0.41 4 1.64
E5 79.23 80.00 0.77 4 3.08
E6 78.60 80.00 1.40 4 5.60
E7 77.86 80.00 2.14 2 4.28
F1 79.62 80.00 0.38 2 0.76
F2 79.41 80.00 0.59 4 2.36
F3 79.21 80.00 0.79 4 3.16
F4 78.80 80.00 1.20 4 4.80
F5 78.59 80.00 1.41 4 5.64
F6 78.23 80.00 1.77 4 7.08
F7 77.52 80.00 2.48 2 4.96
G1 78.84 80.00 1.16 1 1.16
G2 78.63 80.00 1.37 2 2.74
G3 78.36 80.00 1.64 2 3.28
G4 78.07 80.00 1.93 2 3.86
G5 77.80 80.00 2.20 2 4.40
G6 77.36 80.00 2.64 2 5.28
G7 76.83 80.00 3.17 1 3.17
TOTAL 39.48 79 97.49
Average 97.49 m 1.23 m

WEIGHTAGE =
DEPTH : 79
DQS393_CLASS F :
28
CLASS F : EARTHWORK
Heading :
Excavation ; cut to fill ; earth

F121 Qtty :
13,838
1
2 150.00 [ Fill
150.00
1.23
13,837.50
DQS393_CLASS F :
29
CLASS F : EARTHWORK
Heading :

F131 Qtty :
3,488
1
2 150.00 [ Cut
150.00
1.54
17,325.00
1
2 150.00 [ DDT Fill
150.00
1.23
13,837.50
3,487.50
DQS393_CLASS F :
30
CLASS F : EARTHWORK
Heading :
Filling ; general ; excavated material

F311 Qtty :
13,838
13,837.50 [ Fill
1.00 quantity taken
1.00 from slip no 1
13,837.50
DQS393_CLASS F :
31
BULK EXCAVATION
Simpsons’ Rules a.k.a

Cross Section Method
Suitable for preparation of platform

for road or railway track which
involve cutting and filling.
DQS393_CLASS F :
32
Simpsons’ Rules
DQS393_CLASS F :
33
QSD393_CLASS F :
34
SIMPSON’S RULES
Application of Simpson’s Rule

1
= X distance between X sum of all cross-
3 cross section section
Notes :
Cross-sections must be odd / even number of spaces

between cross-sections.
The areas of even cross section are multiplied by 4.
The areas of odd cross section are multiplied by 2.
The areas of end cross section are multiplied by 1.
DQS393_CLASS F :
35
SIMPSON’S RULES
X1 X4 X2 X4 X2 X4 X1
A
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Identify the height by using 20.00 m

16.00 m 18.00 m
scale or interpolation
10.00 m 12.00 m
method
6.00 m
4.00 m
50.00 m
A
Divide length into same
400.00 m
distance of cross section
Slope ratio = 2:1

Cross section A-A
20.00 m
1 X = 10.00
Area = ½ X (a+b) X h 2 Y = 20.00

Area = ½ X (40+60) X 20
Area = 1000 m2 X 4
40.00 m
DQS393_CLASS F :
36
b
40.00 m
1
2
20.00 m
Slope
40.00 m
a
Slope ratio = 2:1
Area = ½ X (a+b) X h
DQS393_CLASS F :
2
Cross section area
Cross
section = 1
X (40.00m + 44.00m) X 4.00m
1 2
= 168.00m2 X 1
= 168.00m2
Cross
section = 1
X (40.00m + 50.00m) X 10.00m
2 2
= 450.00m2 X 4
= 1800.00m2
DQS393_CLASS F :
38
Cross section area
Cross
section = 1
X (40.00m + 56.00m) X 16.00m
3 2
= 768.00m2 X 2
= 1536.00m2
Cross
section = 1
X (40.00m + 58.00m) X 18.00m
5 2
= 882.00m2 X 2
= 1764.00m2
DQS393_CLASS F :
39
Cross section area
Cross
section = 1
X (40.00m + 52.00m) X 12.00m
6 2
= 184.00m2 X 4
= 736.00m2
Cross
section = 1
X (40.00m + 46.00m) X 6.00m
7 2
= 258.00m2 X 1
= 258.00m2
DQS393_CLASS F :
40
1
= X distance between X sum of all cross-
3 cross section section
1
= X 50.00m X 168.00m2 + 1800.00m2
3
1536.00m2 + 4000.00m2
1764.00m2 + 736.00m2
+ 258.00m2
1
= X 50.00m X 10,262.00m2
3
= 156,033.33 m3
DQS393_CLASS F :
41
CLASS F : EARTHWORK
Proposed Earthwork for Road in Lot EARTHWORK 1
1234, Seri Iskandar, Perak
Heading :

F131 Qtty :
156,033
1
3 50.00 [ Cut
9362.00
1.00
156,033.33
DQS393_CLASS F :
42
BULK EXCAVATION
Primordial Rules
Simpler in calculation but accuracy

suspected.
DQS393_CLASS F :
43
PRIMORDIAL RULES
Application of Primodial Rule
First 4X Last
1
X Total length X cross + middle + cross
=
6 cross section
section
area section area
area
First Middle Last

cross cross cross
section section section
area area area
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
20.00 m
16.00 m 18.00 m
10.00 m 12.00 m
6.00 m
4.00 m
400.00 m
Total length
DQS393_CLASS F :
44
Cross section area
First
Cross = 1
X (40.00m + 44.00m) X 4.00m
section 2
= 168.00m2
Middle
Cross = 1
X (40.00m + 60.00m) X 20.00m
section 2
= 1000.00m2
Last
Cross = 1
X (40.00m + 46.00m) X 6.00m
section 2
= 258.00m2
DQS393_CLASS F :
45
Application of Primodial Rule
First 4X Last
1 + +
= X Total length X cross middle cross
6 cross section
section
area section area
area
168.00 4X 258.00
1
X 400.00m X m2 + 1000.00 + m2
=
6 m2
168.00 4,000.00 258.00

1 400.00m X + +
= X m2 m2 m2
6
1 400.00m X 4,426.00m2
= X
6
= 295,066.67m3
DQS393_CLASS F :
46
CLASS F : EARTHWORK
Proposed Earthwork for Road in Lot EARTHWORK 1
1234, Seri Iskandar, Perak
Heading :

F131 Qtty :
295,066
1
6 400.00 [ Cut
4426.00
1.00
295,066.67
DQS393_CLASS F :
47
BULK EXCAVATION
Conventional Method
The volume measured by counting

the numbers of lorries (for other
means) used to remove material
from site or importing to site for
filling purposes.
This method may be not scientific
but it is easy to be agreed by both
parties, since it involve give and
take basis.
DQS393_CLASS F :
48
BULK EXCAVATION
Conventional Method
1. Multiplying the capacity of the
transport vehicle.
2. The number of loads dumped into
the Site.
3. Weighing the rock and convert into
volume by using density
DQS393_CLASS F :
49
the END
DQS393_CLASS F :
50
REFERENCES
• Construction Industry Development Board (2011).
Malaysian Civil Engineering Standard Method of
Measurement (CESMM). Malaysia: CIDB
• Construction Industry Development Board (2011). A

Guide to Malaysian Civil Engineering Standard Method
of Measurement (CESMM). Malaysia: CIDB.
QSD393_CLASS F :
51

Dqs393 - Class F - Earthwork Volume Calculation

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Dqs393 - Class F - Earthwork Volume Calculation

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

• Ability to prepare draft Bills of

• General principle = to measure

• NOT COVERED = any excavation for

CLASS F : Excavation in CUT

Excavation in a LARGE VOLUME

The items that shall be

The items that shall be

MOST USED and RELIABLE METHOD

Average Depth Method (with or

Suitable for preparation of platform

EACH grid point using

2. Insert in Formulae below :

A1 84.80 80.00 4.80

Average DEPTH : 36.95 m 1.76 m

A6 78.29 80.00 1.71

Average DEPTH : 39.48 m 1.41 m

Description: Code : Unit : m³

Excavation ; cut to fill ; earth

Description: Code : Unit : m³

Excavation ; cut and dispose ; earth

Description: Code : Unit : m³

Filling ; general ; excavated material

Platform Level = 80.00

POINT EXISTING PLATFORM DEPTH WEIGHTAGE WEIGHTAGE

TOTAL 36.95 Y (65) X (100.32)

POINT EXISTING PLATFORM DEPTH WEIGHTAGE WEIGHTAGE

TOTAL 39.48 79 97.49

Average 97.49 m 1.23 m

Description: Code : Unit : m³

Excavation ; cut to fill ; earth

Description: Code : Unit : m³

Excavation ; cut and dispose ; earth

Description: Code : Unit : m³

Filling ; general ; excavated material

Simpsons’ Rules a.k.a

Suitable for preparation of platform

Application of Simpson’s Rule

Cross-sections must be odd / even number of spaces

The areas of even cross section are multiplied by 4.

The areas of odd cross section are multiplied by 2.

The areas of end cross section are multiplied by 1.

Identify the height by using 20.00 m

Slope ratio = 2:1

Area = ½ X (a+b) X h 2 Y = 20.00

Description: Code : Unit : m³

Excavation ; cut and dispose ; earth

Simpler in calculation but accuracy

First Middle Last

168.00 4,000.00 258.00

Description: Code : Unit : m³

Excavation ; cut and dispose ; earth

The volume measured by counting

• Construction Industry Development Board (2011). A

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