ELECTRONICS ANDEngineering

Microwave COMMUNICATIONS

Chapter 4

Introduction to Microwave Amplifier Design

Cuong Huynh, PhD

hpmcuong@hcmut.edu.vn
 Introduction
Why do we need microwave amplifiers ?

Signal In

Transmitter

Signal Out

Receiver

Are different Microwave amplifiers are differently designed ?

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Introduction
 Introduction

Cellular Communication System

 Introduction
 Signal amplification is one of the most basic and prevalent circuit
functions in modern RF and microwave systems.
 Early microwave amplifiers relied on tubes, such as klystrons and
traveling-wave tubes.
 However, due to the dramatic improvements and innovations in
solid-state technology that have occurred since the 1970s, most RF
and microwave amplifiers today use transistor devices such as Si
BJTs, GaAs or SiGe HBTs, Si MOSFETs, GaAs MESFETs, or
GaAs or GaN HEMTs .
 Although microwave tubes are still useful for very high power
and/or very high frequency applications, continuing improvement in
the performance of microwave transistors is steadily reducing the
need for microwave tubes.
 Microwave transistor amplifiers can be easily integrated in both
hybrid and monolithic integrated circuitry. 5
 Microwave technology
Target: smaller size, lighter weight, lower power requirements, lower cost,
and increased complexity.

Microwave integrated circuits (MICs) Technology replace bulky and

expensive waveguide and coaxial components with small and inexpensive planar
components.
MIC technology has advanced to the point where complete microwave
subsystems, such as receiver front ends and radar transmit/receive modules, can
be integrated on a chip that is only a few square millimeters in size.

Hybrid MIC
MIC
MMIC/RFIC
Hybrid Microwave Integrated Circuits
Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits
Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits
 Microwave technology
Hybrid MIC MMIC/RFIC

MMIC/RFIC Application
Microwave Amplifiers
2.4 GHz Transceiver RF Front-end
Microwave Amplifiers
Microwave Transistors

Low power microwave transistor

Microwave Transistors

High power microwave transistor

Microwave Transistors

High power microwave transistor

Microwave Transistors
Transducer Power Gain (GT ) & Stability

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Transducer Power Gain (GT ) & Stability
Definition of Two-Port Power Gains

A two-port network with arbitrary source and load impedances.

Transducer power gain = GT = PL/Pavs is the ratio of the power delivered to the
load to the power available from the source. This depends on both ZS and ZL.

Coâng suaát tieâu thuï treân taûi PL

GT  
Coâng suaát khaû duïng coùtheå cung caáp töø nguoàn Pavs
Pavs  Pin 
in  S
*
Transducer Power Gain (GT ) & Stability
Definition of Two-Port Power Gains

V1   SV1
Transducer Power Gain (GT ) & Stability
Definition of Two-Port Power Gains
Transducer Power Gain (GT ) & Stability
Definition of Two-Port Power Gains

S21 (1   S )(1   L )
2 2 2 S12S21L
GT  in  S11 
1  L S22
1   S in 1   L S22
2 2

S21 (1  S )(1  L ) S12S21S

2 2 2

GT  out  S22 
1  S S11
1  S S11 1  L out
2 2
Power Gain Calculation
Transducer Power Gain (GT ) & Stability

S12S21L S12S21S
in  S11  out  S22 
1  L S22 1  S S11

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Transducer Power Gain (GT ) & Stability

Will be considered more detail in another class !

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