SASO 1577

(GS 1438)

FIBERGLASS REINFORCED
RESIN SEWER PIPES
 FIBERGLASS REINFORCED
RESIN SEWER PIPES

ICS:

Date of GSMO Board of Directors' Approval :

Date of Publication in the Official Gazette :
Date of Enforcement of this Standard :
GULF STANDARD GS 1438/2003

FIBERGLASS REINFORCED
RESIN SEWER PIPES

1. SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION

This standard is concerned with fiberglass sewer pipes and joints, intended for
use in gravity flow systems for conveying sanitary sewage, storm water, mixed
water, and industrial wastes.

2. COMPLEMENTARY REFERENCES
2.1 Draft Gulf standard on "Test Methods of Fiberglass Reinforced Resin Pipes".
2.2 Gulf standard No. 1439/2003 "Fiberglass Reinforced Resin Pressure Pipes".
2.3 Draft Gulf Standard on “Polyester Resin”.
2.4 Draft Gulf standard on ‘Epoxy Resin”.
2.5 Draft Gulf standard on “Glass Fibers”.

3. DEFINITIONS
3.1 Fiberglass reinforced resin pipe
It is a machine made product of corrosion resistant glass fiber reinforcement
and thermosetting resin. It is composed of a corrosion resistant liner, structural
wall and exterior surface that may contain random added. aggregate fillers of
pure silica sand.
3.2 Aggregate fillers
Silica sand having minimum purity of 95% and particle size graduation
between 0.05 mm and 5 mm.
3.3 Resin
A thermosetting resin materials of polyester or vinyl or epoxy resin.
3.4 Glass fiber
A special grade of corrosion, weathering and acids resistant glass fiber that is
compatible with the resin used.
3.5 Interior liner
The resin - rich interior layer of the pipe, consisting of surface tissue, acids
resistant glass fibers reinforcement and compatible resin.
GULF STANDARD GS 1438/2003

3.6 Structural wall

The major part of the pipe wall which provides the structural strength and
integrity of the pipe. The structural wall shall consist of acids resistant glass
fiber reinforcement and resin . Aggregate fillers may be included.
3.7 Exterior Liner
The resin - rich exterior layer of the pipe which may contain surface tissues
from glass fibers.
3.8 Total Pipe Wall Thickness
The sum of thicknesses of the interior liner, structural wall and the exterior
surface of the pipe.
3.9 Nominal diameter
The nominal internal diameter of the pipe.
3.10 Delamination
The separation of the layers in a laminate.
3.11 Crazing
Apparent fine cracks at or under the surface.
3.12 Pipe Stiffness
It is the pipe strength required to resist deflection, expressed in N/M2 and it is
calculated by the following equation.

3
 F   ∆Y 
3
EI/D = 0.0186   1 +
 ∆ Y * L   2 D 

Where:
E = Hoop Flexural Modulus (N/m2)
I = Second Moment of Inertia = (m3/m width) = t3/12
D = Mean diameter; the sum of pipe internal diameter and pipe
total wall thickness in meter.
t = Total pipe wall thickness (m)
F = Total load applied to produce a given deflection expressed in N.
∆Y = The measured change in inside diameter to the direction of
load application, expressed in meter.
L = Sample length in meter.
GULF STANDARD GS 1438/2003

4. REQUIREMENTS
Fiberglass reinforced resin sewer pipes shall fulfill the following requirements:
4.1 Appearance
4.1.1 The internal surface of the pipe shall be smooth and free from defects that
result in a variation of the inside diameter of more than 3.2 mm from that
obtained on an adjacent unaffected portion of the surface. The glass fibers
reinforcement shall not penetrate the interior surface of the pipe.
4.1.2 The internal surface of each pipe shall be free from blisters and crazing.
4.1.3 The external surface of each pipe shall be free from blisters. The glass fibers
reinforcement shall be thoroughly impregnated with resin.
4.1.4 Joint sealing surface shall be free of dents, gouges or other surface
irregularities that will affect the tightness of the joint.
4.2 Hardness
The laminate shall have a barcol hardness of at least 90% of hardness value for
the crude resin specified according to manufacturer's specification or 25 barcol
whichever is greater.
4.3 Dimensions
4.3.1 Nominal diameter
The nominal diameters of pipes and the range of their internal diameter shall be
according to the following Table.
GULF STANDARD GS 1438/2003

Pipe nominal Internal diameter Tolerance

diameter (mm) mm
Minimum mm Maximum mm
25 23.5 26.5 ± 1.5
40 38 42 ± 1.5
50 48 52 ± 1.5
80 78 92 ± 1.5
100 97 111 ± 1.5
150 147 161 ± 1.5
200 196 211 ± 1.5
250 246 261 ± 1.5
300 296 311 ± 1.8
350 346 357 ± 2.1
400 396 408 ± 2.4
450 446 459 ± 2.7
500 496 510 ± 3.0
600 595 612 ± 3.6
700 695 714 ± 4.2
800 795 816 ± 4.2
900 895 918 ± 4.2
1000 995 1020 ± 4.2
1200 1195 1220 ± 5.0
1300 1295 1320 ± 5.0
1400 1395 1420 ± 5.0
1500 1495 1520 ± 5.0
1600 1595 1620 ± 5.0
1700 1695 1720 ± 5.0
1800 1795 1820 ± 5.0
1900 1895 1920 ± 5.0
2000 1995 2020 ± 5.0
2100 2095 2120 ± 5.0
2200 2195 2220 ± 5.0
2300 2295 2320 ± 6.0
2400 2395 2420 ± 6.0
2500 2495 2520 ± 6.0
2600 2595 2620 ± 6.0
2700 2695 2720 ± 6.0
2800 2795 2820 ± 6.0
2900 2895 2920 ± 6.0
3000 2995 3020 ± 6.0
3100 3095 3120 ± 6.0
3200 3195 3220 ± 6.0
3300 3295 3320 ± 7.0
3400 3395 3420 ± 7.0
3500 3495 3520 ± 7.0
3600 3595 3620 ± 7.0
3700 3695 3720 ± 7.0
GULF STANDARD GS 1438/2003

4.3.2 Nominal Length

Pipe shall be available in nominal laying lengths of 6 meters for diameter 25
to 300 mm and 12 meters for diameter 350 to 3700 mm. The actual pipe
length shall be the nominal length +/- 25 mm. Pipes with lengths less than
the nominal laying length shall not be more than 10% of the total consignment
of pipes, provided that the length of each pipe shall not be less than 3 meters
for diameter 25 to 300 mm and 6 meters for diameter 350 to 3700 mm.
4.3.3 Total Pipe Wall Thickness
The average wall thickness of the pipe shall not be less than the minimum wall
thickness published in the manufacturer current literature at the time of
purchase and the minimum wall thickness at any point shall not be less than
87.5% of the minimum wall thickness. Thickness may be reduced for 'ribbed'
'pipe by agreement between purchaser and supplier.
4.3.4 End Squareness
Pipe ends shall be both square to the axis of the pipe and plane with a tolerance
of (2 mm + 0.005 x DN) or 10.0 mm whichever is smaller, where DN is the
nominal diameter of the pipe in millimeters.
4.4 Leak Tightness
The pipe shall withstand a hydrostatic test pressure of 200 kPa without
evidence of weeping or leakage for a period of 3 minutes.
4.5 Stiffness
4.5.1 The pipe stiffness shall not be less than that is specified in table 1.

Table 1 Minimum pipe stiffness

Nominal
Diameter Pipe stiffness (N/M2)
(mm)
1250 2500 5000 10,000
25 - 300 NR NR NR 10,000
350 – 3700 1250 2500 5000 10,000

NR = Not Recommended

4.5.2 At deflection level A as per Table - 2, there shall be note visible change in the
test specimen as evidenced by surface cracks. At deflection level B, there shall
be no indication of structural damage as evidenced by one of the following:
GULF STANDARD GS 1438/2003

— Interlaminate separation.
— Separation of the liner or surface layer form the structural wall.
— Tensile failure of glass fibers reinforcement.
— Presence of buckling of pipe wall.

Table -2 Ring deflection without damage or structural failure

Stiffness class 1250 2500 5000 10000

(N/M2)
Level - A 18% 15% 12% 9%
Level - B 30% 25% 20% 15%

4.6 Glass fiber content

Based upon the requirement, the pipes, glass fiber content shall be determined.
4.7 Joints
4.7.1 Pipes shall be connected by a joint of double bell coupling with two inside
grooves to fix the elastomeric gaskets, or bell and spigot joints with a groove
either on the spigot or in the bell to retain an elastomeric gasket. The
elastomeric gasket shall be the sole element depended upon to provide water
tightness. The elastomeric gasket shall be of suitable material for use with type
of fluid conveyed and suitable with the type of joint used. Typical joint details
are as shown in Figure-1.

Figure-1
Typical Joints
GULF STANDARD GS 1438/2003

4.7.2 The assembled pipe joint shall not leak or weep when subjected to a
hydrostatic test pressure of 200 kPa for 10 minutes. At the time of test it should
be deflected to the maximum deflection angle specified by the manufacturer.
4.7.3 The assembled pipe joint shall not leak or weep when subjected to a negative
pressure of -80 kPa for 10 minutes.
4.7.4 The assembled pipe joint shall not leak or weep when subjected to the
hydrostatic test pressure of 200 kPa for 10 minutes. At the time of test the joint
should be subjected to a shear loading of 17.5 KN/m of diameter.
4.7.5 The pipe can be joined by restraining joints capable of withstanding internal
pressure and longitudinal forces, when pipe is designed to withstand axial
forces. Joints of such capability are butt and warp joint, Bell and Spigot with
Butt and Warp, adhesive bonded or flanges.
4.8 Chemical Requirements
4.8.1 Long-term
Pipe specimens, exposed to , sulfuric acid of 5% concentration by weight shall
be capable of being deflected without failure, when subjected to strain level as
given in Table-3. To find the pipe meets the requirement, determine at least 18
failure points.

Table-3 Min. Sanitary sewer pipe chemical requirement

Pipe stiffness Minimum strain

(N/M2)
10 h 100h 1000 h 10000 h 50 years
1250 0.84 x 0.78 x 0.73 x 0.68 x 0.60 x
2500 0.72 x 0.66 x 0.61 x 0.56 x 0.49 x
5000 0.60 x 0.55 x 0.51 x 0.47 x 0.41 x
10000 0.48 x 0.44 x 0.41 x 0.38 x 0.34 x

Where:
X = t/D
t = Total wall thickness (mm)
D = Mean diameter (inside diameter + t) (mm)
4.8.2 Short-term
Pipe specimens exposed to sulfuric acid of 5% concentration by weight shall be
capable of being deflected, without failure, when subjected to strain levels
corresponding to the 100 and 1000 h failure times from the product's regression
line. Alternatively, test at least three specimens each at 100 and 1000 h
minimum strain given in Table-3. All specimens shall exceed minimum failure
time.
GULF STANDARD GS 1438/2003

4.9 Longitudinal tensile strength

The pipe longitudinal tensile or compressive strength shall not be
less than the values shown in Table-4
Table-4 Longitudinal tensile strength
Pipe Nominal Longitudinal tensile strength
Diameter (mm) (KN/m of circumference)

25 63
40 63
50 63
80 63
100 63
150 63
200 102
250 102
300 102
350 102
400 102
450 102
500 102
600 102
700 102
800 111
900 122
1000 137
1100 150
1200 161
1300 171
1400 182
1500 200
1700 220
1800 238
2000 260
2100 280
2200 290
2300 301
2400 322
2500 329
2600 340
2700 356
2800 360
2900 382
3000 400
3100 408
3200 421
3300 440
3400 447
3500 460
3600 480
3700 487
GULF STANDARD GS 1438/2003

5. MARKING
Each length of pipe shall be marked clearly with the following information
5.1 Country of origin
5.2 Manufacturer's name or trade mark.
5.3 Nominal diameter in mm.
5.4 Manufacturing Number.
5.5 Nominal laying length in meters.
5.6 Stiffness class

6. METHODS OF INSPECTION AND TESTING

6.1 Sampling
6.1.1 The consignment shall be divided into homogeneous groups of the same pipe
diameter and class.
6.1.2 One or more sample according to the requirements of the tests shall be
withdrawn at random from each group and tested.
6.1.3 For short term chemical test-Annually one pipe shall be withdrawn at random.
Six samples shall be taken from the pipe and tested.
6.2 Methods of Test
The tests shall be carried out according to item 2.1
6.3 Tests
6.3.1 The following tests shall be carried out on every pipe.
6.3.1.1 Appearance
6.3.1.2 Dimensions
6.3.1.3 Barcol Hardness
6.3.1.4 Leak tightness
6.3.2 The following tests shall be carried out on samples taken in accordance with
6.1
6.3.2.1 Stiffness
6.3.2.2 Loss on ignition
6.3.2.3 Longitudinal tensile strength
6.3.3 The following test shall be carried out annually on a pipe withdrawn in
accordance with 6.1.3.
GULF STANDARD GS 1438/2003

6.3.3.1 Short term chemical tests shall be carried out on three samples at levels
corresponding to the 100 and 1000 h from table-3.
6.3.4 The following tests are qualification tests used to prove the design of the pipe.
A test report shall be furnished by the manufacturer if requested.
6.3.4.1 Joint tightness
63.4.2 Long-term chemical test.

7. RULES OF ACCEPTANCE AND REJECTION

7.1 Each consignment of pipes shall be accompanied with a certificate stating its
conformity to all requirements of this standard.
7.2 The group shall be considered complying with this standard if the
representative sample (s) passes all the tests required in this standard.
7.3 If the representative sample (s) does not pass one or more of the tests the test
(s) shall be repeated on two additional samples from the same group. The
group shall be considered complying with this standard if all the samples pass
all the repeated tests (s), otherwise, the group shall be considered non-
complying.