Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
and
Bryan A. CHIN
Department of Mechanical Engineering, 201 Ross Hall
Auburn University, Alabama 36849-5201, USA
ABSTRACT
there is more know-how due to widespread usage and
RFID systems have been used in numerous applications easier design of antenna and electronics. Inductive
like asset tracking, toll collection and libraries. The coupling and backscatter modulation are used at lower
following paper presents our ongoing research for the frequencies as opposed to systems operating at 2.45 GHz
Auburn University Detection and Food Safety (AUDFS) and higher bands, where true RF communication links
project to use RFID technology combined with sensors are used [2].There are three components in a RFID
for detection of pathogens in food. AUDFS aims to system, a remote device called the tag, a reader and a host
integrate the breakthroughs in the detection of food borne interface. The reader, or scanner, transmits a constant
illnesses with advances in wireless and biosensor amplitude high frequency sine wave. The reader acts as a
technologies. The goal of the research is a system that can transceiver, not only transmitting radiation to the tag, but
keep track of food products from initial production also receiving backscattered radiation from the tag [3]. In
throughout the supply chain thus significantly reducing inductive coupling mode, the reader detects variations in
the mortality rate and lost productivity due to food borne the voltage or current levels when a tag comes in its
bacteria and pathogens like Salmonella and E. Coli. vicinity.
Keywords: RFID, Passive tags, Sensor, Food Safety, If an on-board battery powers the tag, it is termed an
Antennas. active tag. Passive tags draw power from radiation
emitted by the reader and are less expensive and generally
1. INTRODUCTION preferred over active ones. Their only drawback is a
much-reduced reading range compared to an active tag.
Food safety is an important national issue that affects This disadvantage is offset by the very long lifetimes and
everyone. On an annual basis, 76 million Americans durability of passive tags compared to active ones.
become ill due to foodborne pathogens and toxins. The
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) The host interface is normally an application program that
estimates that as many as 5,200 of these individuals will is running on a computer system. The program
die, with another 325,000 being hospitalized as a result of communicates with the reader and makes sense of the
this exposure. Hence our research effort focuses on the data that is obtained from the tag. Tags can be read-only
development of a mobile detection device implementing or read-writable. If the tags can also be written to, then
RFID technology and housing a biosensor on-chip [1]. the application sends out the required data to the reader
through, for instance an RS232C serial port of the
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems have computer [3]. The reader then writes this data to the tag in
found favor over other identification and inventory the field.
techniques chiefly due to their non-line-of-sight operation
and capability to function in adverse environments. The Our ultimate goal is to interface a biosensor with a
frequency of RFID systems can vary from the lower passive tag, which can be interrogated by the reader. The
ranges of the spectrum around 135 kHz to the SHF range objective is to relay the sensory information over a
at 5.875 GHz. The most commonly used frequency which wireless medium to the tag. As a stepping-stone to this
has a whole range of applications associated with it is the goal, our present research is focused on developing an
13.56 MHz ISM (Industrial Scientific Medical) band. We RFID temperature tag.
decided to use this frequency band for our research, as
Fig.1. Photo of the reader with antenna and other circuitry. Fig.3. Output waveform of the oscillator.
Antennas for the reader and the tag are being modeled
using NEC (Numeric Electromagnetic Code) Windows
Professional software. Realistic models of loop antennas
can be obtained using NEC. We have designed a multi
turn rectangular loop antenna for a resonant frequency of
13.56 MHz. Matching networks have to be used to
achieve a low VSWR. Read range is another key factor in
the design. Figure 6 shows the simulated radiation pattern
of the antenna.
4. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
8. REFERENCES
[1] R. W. Cernosek, B. A. Chin, J. M. Barbaree, V. Vodyanoy,
D. E. Conner, and Y-H. P. Hsieh, “A Rapid Biosensing
System for Detecting Food-Borne Pathogens,”
Proceedings of the Sensors Expo, 2001, pp. 113-116.
[2] P. Sorrells, Passive RFID basics, Microchip Technology
Inc., 1998.
[3] S.C.Q. Chen and V. Thomas, "Optimization of inductive
Fig.12. Block diagram of the RFID sensor system. RFID technology," Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE
International Symposium on Electronics and the
Environment, 2001, pp. 82-87.
The biosensor will have sensitive biological film coatings [4] K. Finkenzeller, RFID Handbook, New York: John
that will undergo changes in material properties on Wiley, 2000, 2ed.
contact with target pathogens like Salmonella and E. Coli. [5] microIDTM13.56 MHz RFID System Design Guide,
As a pilot experiment, a simple temperature sensor will be Microchip Technology Inc., 2001
interfaced to the controller and changes in temperature
will be monitored. If a specified temperature is exceeded,
then a warning signal would be sent to the reader. Fig. 12
illustrates the diagram of such a system.