Weeds

 A plant growing in the 'wrong' place;

where it is not wanted or where it causes
harm
 Plant not sown whose undesirable features
outweigh its desirable characteristics
 A plant or part of a plant interfering with th
e objectives of human beings
 Any undesirable plant
Generally, there are:

 Common Weeds
- more or less found in every farm but not
exceptionally injurious and readily controlled by
good farming practices.

 Noxious Weeds
- particularly undesirable because of their certain
undesirable characteristics, like the presence of an
extensive perennial underground system which
enable to resist the most determined effort to control.
 Based on maturity period or life cycle
- Annual and Perennial Weed
 Based on manner of reproduction
- Sexual and Asexual Weed
 Based on habit of stem growth
- Erect, Decumbent, Prostrate, Ascending,
Creeping and Twining
 Based on habitat or place for preferred growth
- Wetland and Dryland Weed
 Based on the floral structure of the plant
- Panicle, Digitate, Raceme and Umbel
 Based on gross morphology
- Grasses, Sedges and Broadleaves
Based on maturity period or life cycle

 Annual weeds
- Matures in one growing season or within a year

Ageratum conyzoides Amaranthus spinosus

Damong mabaho Uray lalake
Based on maturity period or life cycle

 Perennial weeds
- Matures in more than one growing season
• Simple
- reproduce only by seeds

Synedrella nodiflora Portulaca oleracea

Tuhod manok Olissiman
Based on maturity period or life cycle

 Perennial weeds
- Matures in more than one growing season
• Creeping
- reproduce by seeds, spores, stolons, rhizomes

Cynodon dactylon Cyperus rotundus

Kawad-kawad Mutha
Based on manner of reproduction

 Sexual weeds
- Reproduces by means of seeds or seed propagules

Echinocloa crusgalli Echinocloa glabrescens

Based on manner of reproduction

 Asexual weeds
- Reproduces by means of vegetative propagules

• Rhizome
- a modified underground stem with buds
• Stolon
- a modified aboveground stem that creeps
and roots at the side
• Tuber
- a short thickened underground stem
• Off-school
- a baby plant that arises from the mother plant
Based on manner of reproduction

 Asexual weeds

Rhizome
Imperata cylindrica
Kogon

Stolon
Cynodon dactylon
Kawad-kawad
Based on manner of reproduction

 Asexual weeds

Tuber
Cyperus rotundus
Mutha

Off-school
Pistia stratiotes
Kiapo
Based on habit of stem growth

 Erect
 Decumbent
 Prostrate
 Ascending
 Creeping
 Twinning
Based on habitat

 Wetland Weeds
- one that grows well in lowland or moist soil

Echinocloa glabrescens

Echinocloa crusgalli Pistia stratiotes

Kiapo
Based on habitat

 Dryland Weeds
- one that grows well in upland or drier soil

Ipomoea triloba
Rottboellia cochinchinensis
Based on the floral structure of the plant

 Panicle
- an inflorescence in the main axis with at least
primary and secondary branching

Echinocloa crusgalli
Based on the floral structure of the plant

 Digitate
- a compound structure whose members arise
and diverge from the same point, like the fingers
of hand

Eleusine indica
Paragis
Based on the floral structure of the plant

 Raceme
- more or less a conical inflorescence with flowers
arising laterally from a common axis

Rottboellia cochinchinensis
Based on the floral structure of the plant

 Umbel
- an inflorescence in which a number of divergent
flowers arise from the same point

Cyperus rotundus
Mutha
Based on gross morphology

 Grasses (Family Graminae)

- Tufted, erect or creeping annuals or perennials
- Stems are cylindrical and have nodes and
internodes
- Leaves are long and narrow and have parallel
veins, the lower portion which clasps the stem is
called leaf sheath and the upper portion is call
ed leaf blade
- Leaves arise alternatively in two ranks from nodes
- The growing point is protected by sheath
Based on gross morphology

 Grasses (Family Graminae)

Echinocloa crusgalli Cynodon dactylon

Kawad-kawad
Based on gross morphology

 Grasses (Family Graminae)

Eleusine indica Imperata cylindrica

Paragis Kogon
Based on gross morphology

 Sedges (Family Cyperaceae)

- Annuals or perennials
- Triangular solid stems without nodes and
internodes
- Leaf sheaths fused together to form a tube
around stem
- Leaves are borne in a rosette manner - crowd
at the base of the stem and have no ligule
- Leaves arise in three rows
Based on gross morphology

 Sedges (Family Cyperaceae)

Cyperus rotundus Fimbristylis miliacea

Mutha
Based on gross morphology

 Broadleaves (All families other than Graminae

and Cyperaceae)
- Identified by their fully expanded, broadleaf
structure

Amaranthus spinosus Mimosa pudica

Uray lalake Makahiya
Importance of Weed

In Agricultural Production:

Weeds are one of the major problems in crop

production, just like diseases and insects pests. They
provide direct and indirect effects that lead to the
loss of crop yield. But the losses due to weeds are
not easily seen as in insect damage and losses due
to diseases. When weeds are allowed to grow
unchecked, losses ranging from 20% to 100% are
common. Complete crop loss is possible if the farm
is not properly managed.
How do Weeds affect the Crop

 Weeds compete with the crop for light, water,

nutrients and space

- Weeds exert effects primarily by competing

with crops with valuable moisture, essential nutrients,
light, space and carbon dioxide. The extent of their
effects varies according to the weed species and
density, crop variety used, fertilization and cultural
practices.
How do Weeds affect the Crop

 Weeds harbour insect pests, mites, vertebrates

and plant disease agents

- Some weeds are attacked by the same insec

t pests and disease organisms that attack crops.
Thank you!