ENGLISH ONE

SUMARIO DE FUNCIONES

Funciones desde la Unidad 1 hasta la Unidad 5

1- Presentarse a un desconocido y responder a la presentación .

2- Presentar una persona a otra.
3- Saludar a una persona no conocida.
4- Saludar a una persona conocida..
5- Preguntar y decir cómo está alguien.
6- Preguntar quién es alguien.
7- Preguntar y decir la nacionalidad.
8- Preguntar y decir la hora.
9- Localizar lugares y personas.
10- Pedir a alguien que repita lo que ha dicho.
11- Dar las gracias y responder a las gracias.
12- Deletrear nombres y palabras.
13- Pedir y dar permiso.
14- Preguntar y decir hacia dónde se dirige una persona.
15- Preguntar e indicar posesión.
16- Preguntar y decir si algo está correcto o no.
17- Preguntar y decir precios.
18- Tomar o hacer un pedido, una orden.
19- Ofrecer algo. Aceptar o rehusar.
20- Expresar posibilidad o imposibilidad.
21- Despedirse, decir adiós.
22- Pedir y dar direcciones simples.
23- Describir lugares .

Funciones desde la Unidad 6 hasta la Unidad 10.

24- Describir una habitación

25- Solicitar una reservación en un hotel.
26- Preguntar y decir el tiempo de estancia en el hotel.
27- Dar ordenes.
28- Comprar artículos.
29- Preguntar por localidades.
30- Decir lo que usted sabe o puede hacer.
31- Preguntar por el alquiler de una habitación,direcciones,etc.
32- Hablar sobre dónde otros trabajan,viven,etc.
33- Preguntar por el estado civil de una persona.
34- Describir hábitos cotidianos y rutinarios.
35- Obtener información personal.
36- Obtener información sobre otras personas.
37- Expresar inseguridad, duda.
38- Expresar seguridad.
39- Rectificar a una persona.
40- Preguntar y decir si alguien conoce sobre algo

Funciones desde la Unidad 11 hasta la Unidad 15.

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41- Expresar preferencias, gustos y aversiones.

42- Tomar y ordenar el pedido en el restaurante. Ofertar.
43- Dar opiniones.
44- Hablar sobre el tiempo.
45- Preguntar y sugerir qué hacer.
46- Decir qué desea y no desea hacer.
47- Preguntar si está de acuerdo con algo o alguien.
48- Responder a una solicitud.
49- Hablar sobre un hecho que ocurrió en el pasado.
50- Pedir y dar razones acerca de algo.
51- Preguntar y responder sobre el pasado y el presente.
52- Describir sus experiencias en la escuela antes de trabajar.
Hablar de otros trabajos anteriores.
53- Describir lo que una persona hizo ayer, unos días atrás,etc.

Funciones desde la Unidad 16 hasta la Unidad 18.

54- Preguntar y decir si alguien está temeroso o preocupado.

55- Calmar a alguien.
56- Hablar sobre algo que ocurrirá en el futuro.
57- Especular sobre el futuro.
58- Hablar sobre intenciones y planes futuros.
59- Decir que algo es posible o probable.
60- Expresar necesidad, obligación.
6l- Pedir y dar instrucciones.
62- Preguntar y dar direcciones.

ANEXOS

1- Números cardinales
2- Número ordinales
3- Meses del año/Díaz de la semana/Estaciones del año
4- Puestos de trabajo en el hotel
5- Lugares dentro del hotel
6- Lista de verbos regulares
7- Lista de verbos irregulares
8- Menú (Aperitivos/Comidas, ect)
9- Colores
10-El cuerpo
11-Miembros de la familia
12-Partes de la casa
13-Lugares de la ciudad
14-Ropas
15-Frases
l6- Países y nacionalidades
l7- Algunas enfermedades comunes
18- Vegetales y hortalizas
19- Vocabulario

Grammatical Structures and Functional Content.

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Unidad 1.

1-Presentarse a un desconocido. Responder a la presentación.

Formal:

* My name is Robert Steven.

- And my name is Albert Williams.
* How do you do.
- How do you do.

Menos formal:

* Excuse me, what's your name?

- My name's Anna White. What's your name?
*Albert Steven.
- Nice meeting you.
*Nice meeting you, too.

Menos formal:

*My name's Franklyn, James Franklyn.

- And my name's George Gates.
*Glad to meet you, Mr. Gates.
- Glad to meet you too, Mr. Frankklyn.

Informal:

*Excuse me, I don't think we have met before.

- I am Ron Martin.
*And I'm Sylvia Steward.
- Hi!
*Hi!

2-Presentar una persona a otra.

Formal:

*This is Mr. Richard Anderson.

Mr Anderson, this is my friend Alfred Smith.
- How do you do.
- How do you do.
.......................................................
*Do you know Mr. Perkins ?
- No, I don't think so. How do you do.
*Mr. Perkins. I'd like you to meet my
friend Mr. Andrews.
+How do you do.
- How do you do.

........................................................
* I'd like you to meet my friend Robert.
- Nice to meet you. I'm Carolyn.
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* Nice to meet you too, Carolyn.

Informal:

* Judy, this is my friend George. George, this is Judy.

- Hello.
- Hello.
......................................................
- By the way, do you know each other?
* No, I haven't had the pleasure.
My name's Louis Stones.
+ And my name's Martha Stevens.
Hello.
* Hello.

3-Saludar a una persona no conocida.

- Good morning.
*Good morning, sir. What can I do for you?
- Do you have laundry service here?
*Yes, sir. We have laundry service the twenty-four hours.
- That's fine. Thank you very much.
*You're welcome.

Good morning (Después de las doce de la noche hasta las doce del día).
Good afternoon (Después de las doce del día hasta el final del horario de trabajo).
Good evening (Después del horario de trabajo hasta las doce de la noche).

4-Saludar a una persona conocida.

* Hello Martha!
- Hello Betty! How are you?
* Fine, thanks. And you?
- Not bad.

Otras formas:

-Hi! [jai ] ¡Hola!

-How nice to see you [jau nais tu si iu ] ¡Cuánto gusto de verte!
-It's good to see you. [its gud tu si iu ] ¡Que bueno verte!
-Very nice to see you. [veri nais tu si iu ] ¡ Mucho gusto de verte!
-Glad to see you again [glad tu si iu ] ¡Gusto en verte de nuevo!

5-Preguntar y decir cómo está alguien.

* How do you feel today?

- I'm very well, thanks. And you?
*Very well, thanks.

* Are you sick?

- Yes, I have a headache and sore throat.
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* Do you have fever?
- No, I don't think so.

Otras formas para preguntar:

- How are things? [jau er zings ] ¿Cómo están las cosas?

- How are you doing? [jau er iu duing ] ¿Qué tal?. ¿Qué haces?
- How are you feeling today? [jau er iu fíling tudei ] ¿Cómo te sientes hoy?
- How are you getting along? [jau er iu géting alóng ] ¿Cómo te está llevando?
- How are you keeping? [jau er iu kíping ] ¿Cómo te estás
manteniendo?
- How have you been? [jau jav iu bin ] ¿Cómo tú has estado?
- How's it going? [jausit gouing ] ¿Cómo te va?
- How's life? [jaus laif ] ¿Cómo está la vida?

Otras formas para responder:

- All right. [ol rait ] Bién.

- Awful. [óful ] Muy mal
- Bad. [bad ] Mal
- Fantastic. [fantástik ] Fantástico.
- Getting along [géting elóng ] Tirando.
- Horrible. [járebl ] Horrible.
- I can't complain. [kent kempléin ] No puedo quejarme
- Not very well. [nat véri uel ] No muy bién.
- O.K. [óukéi ] Bién.
- Quite well. [kuait uel ] Bastante bién.
- So so. [sou-sou ] Regular

Nota: Ver Anexo 16 para otras enfermedades.

6-Preguntar quién es alguien.

* Who's that young pretty girl?

- She's the new secretary.
* Do you know her?
- Well, I know her name's Susan.
* Is that man her boyfriend?
- I don't know.

Otras formas:

- Excuse me, are you Mr..? [ekskiusmi er iu míster ] Perdone, ¿Es Ud. el Sr...?
* Yes, I am.../No, I'm not. [ies ai am/nou aim nat ] Si, yo soy/ No, no soy.

7-Preguntar y decir la nacionalidad.

- Excuse me, what nationality are you?

*I'm Canadian. What about you?
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- I'm English.
*Oh! Are you from London?
- No, I'm from Liverpool.

Nota: Ver Anexo No.l5 para otras nacionalidades.

Otras formas:

- Where were you born? [juer uer iu born ] ¿Dónde naciste?

- Where do you come from? [juer du iu kan from ] ¿De dónde eres?
- Where are you coming from? [..káming from ] ¿De dónde vienes?
- What's your nationality? [juats iur náshenáliti ] ¿Cuál es tu nacionalidad?
- Where're you from originally? [...iu from eríyineli ] ¿De dónde eres oriundo?

8-Preguntar y decir la hora.

* Excuse me, what time is it, please?

- It's a quarter to ten.
* Excuse me?
- Nine forty-five.
* Thanks.
.........................................................
* Could you tell me the time, please?
- It's eleven past five.
* Thank you very much.'
- You are welcome.

Otras formas para preguntar:

- Tell me the time, please. [télmi de taim plis ] Dígame la hora...

- Have you got the time? [jav iu gat de taim ] ¿Tiene hora?
- The time, please? [de taim plis ] La hora, por favor.
- What's the time, please? [juats de taim plis ] ¿Qué hora es por favor?

Nota: Can y could son formas más corteses para preguntar.

Otras formas para responder:

- It's a quarter past one Es la una y cuarto

- It's half past five Son las cinco y media
- It's six-thirty. Son las seis y treinta
- It's two o'clock sharp Son las dos en punto

La hora en relojes digitales: 12:07 (twelve oh seven).

If you are not sure: Si no está seguro :

- A little after two. [e lítel after tu ] Las dos y pico.

- I don't know, about two [ai dont nou, ebáut tu ] No se, cerca de las dos.
- It must be about two. [it most bi ebáut tu ] Debe ser cerca de las dos
- My watch is slow. [mai uach is slou ] Mi reloj está atrasado.
- My watch is fast. [mai uach is fast ] Mi reloj está adelantado.
- I haven't got the time. [ai jávent gat d e taim ] No tengo hora.
Gramática. Para preguntar y decir la hora generalmente se usa el pronombre neutro it.
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Ejemplo:

- What time is it? [juat taim is it ] ¿Que hora es?

* It’s four o'clock. [its four eklak ] Son las cuatro
Con las horas en punto se le agrega a la hora la palabra o'clock. Ejemplo: Two o'clock,
five o'clock, etc.
Cuando son horas y minutos se puede decir de diferentes formas. Ejemplos:

7:l5: It's seven fifteen.

It's fifteen (minutes) past seven.
It's a quarter past seven.
It's fifteen (minutes) after seven .

7:45: It's fifteen (minutes) to eight.

It's seven forty-five.
It's fifteen (minutes) before eight.
It's a quarter to eight.
Nota: Ver Anexo No.1 para los números.

9-Localizar lugares y personas.

- Excuse me, is Marea del Portillo in Holguin province?

- No, Marea del Portillo is in Granma province.
* And where is Santa Lucía beach?
- It isn't in Granma. It is in Camaguey.

Gramática. Adverbios interrogativos when, where, how, why.

When indica tiempo: When are you going to Havana? Tommorrow.)
Where indica lugar: Where do you live? I live in Holguin).
How indica forma: How do you go to work? I go to work (by bus).

10-Pedir a alguien que repita lo que ha dicho.

* Excuse me, how much is the ticket to Havana, please?

- Twenty-five dollars.
* Pardon?, how much?
- Twenty-five dollars.

Otras formas

- Como again? [kom egén ] ¿Cómo dijo?

- Could you repeat that? [kud iu ripít dat ] ¿Podría repetir eso?
- Could you say that again? [kud iu sei dat egén ] ¿Podría decirlo de nuevo?
- Excuse me? [ekskius mi ] ¿Perdone?
- I'm sorry? [aim sári ] ¿Disculpe?
- Pardon? What did you say? [párdn juatdid iusei ] Disculpe, ¿Qué dijo?
- Sorry, I didn't catch [sári ai didnt kach ] Perdón, no lo cogí.
- Sorry, I didn't hear. [sári ai didnt jir ] Lo siento, no oí.
- What? [juat ] ¿Que?
- When? [juen ] ¿Cuándo?
- Where? [juer ] ¿Dónde?
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- Who? [ju ] ¿Quién?
- You what? [iu juat ] ¿Ud. qué cosa?
11-Dar las gracias. Responder a las gracias .

* Excuse me, where's the shop, please?

- Over there, next to the restaurant.
* Thank you.
- You're welcome.

Otras formas de dar las gracias:

- I really appreciate it [ai ríli epríshiéitit ] Realmente lo agradezco

- Thanks a lot. [zanks e lat ] Muchas gracias
- Thanks a million [zanks e mílien ] Un millón de gracias.
- Thank you very much. [zankiu veri moch ] Muchas gracias

Otras formas para responder a las gracias:

- Don't mention it. [dont menshen it ] No hay de que.

- That's all right [dats ol ráit ] Bién, bueno.
- That's fine/O.K. [.. fáin/ukéi ] Está bién

12-Deletrear nombres o palabras.

* What's your name, please?

- Davison. Michael Davison.
* Could you spell your last name, please?
- di-ei-vi-ai-es-ou-en.
* Thank you.

Nota: Ver Anexo No. 2 para el abecedario.

Otras formas:

- Do you spell the word..like this? ¿La palabra...se deletrea así?

- Is the word...with one...? ¿ La palabra...es con una...?
- How do you spell the word...? ¿Cómo se deletrea la palabra...?
- What's the correct spelling of..? ¿Cuál es la forma correcta para deletrear ?

13-Pedir y dar permiso.

* Excuse me, may I sit down here?

- Yes, sure.
* Thanks.

Otras formas para pedir permiso:

- Can /could I use your...please? ¿Puedo/podría usar su..por favor?

- Could it be possible to...?
- Do you mind if I...?
- Do you think I could...?
- I wonder if I could...
- May I...?
- Would you mind lending me...?
¿Sería posible.....?
¿Le molestaría si yo.....?
¿Ud. cree que yo pudiera....?
¿Quisiera saber si puedo....?
¿Puedo..?
¿Le molestaría prestarme...?
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- Would it be possible to...? ¿Sería posible..?
Otras formas para dar permiso:

- All right. [ol ráit ] Muy bién.

- By all means [bai ol mins ] Si, sin falta.
- Certainly. [sértenli ] Ciertamente.
- Feel free. [fil fri ] Siéntase libre.
- Fine (by me) [ fáin bai mi ] Por mí, bién.
- Go ahead. [gou ejéd ] Adelante.
- Please, do it. [plis du it ] Por favor hágalo.
- Sure. [shur ] Seguro.
- That's fine. [das fain ] Está bién.
- That's O.K. [dats uokéi ] Está bién.
- Why not? [juái nat ] Por qué no?
- Yes, of course. [ies ev kóurs ] Sí, por supuesto.
- Yes, that's right. [ies dats ráit ] Si, está bién.

Formas para rehusar permiso:

- I'd like to, but... [aid laik tu bot ] Me gustaría, pero...

- I'm afraid not. [amefréid nat ] Me temo que no.
- I'm afraid you can't. [...iu kent ] Me temo que no puede.
- It's not possible. [its nat pásibl ] No es posible.
- No way. [nou uei ] De ninguna manera.
- Sorry. [sári ] Lo siento.
- That's not allowed. [datsnat eláud ] Eso no está permitido.

Unidad 2.

14-Preguntar y decir hacia dónde se dirige una persona.

* Excuse me, are you going to Holguin?

- No, I'm going to Guardalavaca.
Where are you going?
• I'm going to Banes.

Gramática. En los ejemplos señalados arriba la forma going to indica destino.

15-Preguntar e indicar por la posesión de algo.

At the customs office En la aduana.

* Excuse me, is this your handbag?

- Yes, that's my handbag, and that's my suitcase, too.
* Whose parcel is this?
+ That's mine.
* And this baggage belongs to you. Right?
+ Yes, that's right.

Gramática. Las formas this dis] ( este) that dat] (aquel). This se refiere a algo que
se encuentra cercano y that se refiere a un objeto que se encuentra más distante. El
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plural de this es these [diis] y el de that es those [dous].

Otras formas:

- Do you have any...? [du iu jav eni ] Usted tiene algún...?

- Do you own a..? [du iu oun e ] Usted posee un...?
- Have you got any...? [javiu gat eni ] Tiene algún...?
- Is this your...? [is dis iur ] Es este su...?
- No, that's hers. [nou dats jers ] No, ese es de ella.
- Yes, that's mine. [ies dats main ] Si, ese es mío.

Nota: En inglés existe una forma muy propia de dicho idioma para indicar posesión, la
cual consiste en añadir al sustantivo un apóstrofe seguido de una s ('s). Ejemplos:

Mary's house. [méris jaus ] La casa de María.

Tom's book. [tams buk ] El libro de Tomás.

En el caso de sustantivos en plural o terminados en s, o es

solo se le añade el apóstrofe. Ejemplos:

The boys' books [de bois buks ] Los libros de los niños.
The ladies' room. [de léidis rum ] El baño de las damas.

Cuando los sustantivos en plural no terminan en s se les añade la -s seguida del

apóstrofe. Ejemplo:

The men's shirts. [ mens sherts ] Las camisas de hombres

* Are those the boy's books?

- Yes, they're.
* Put them on the table, please.

l6-Preguntar y decir si algo está correcto o no.

* Your address is 475 Second Street. NW. Right?

- Yes, that's right.
* You live near the park. Don`'t you?
- No, not very.

Otras formas para decir que algo está correcto:

- Absolutely. [ábselutli ] Absolutamente.

- All right. [ol rait ] Bién.
- Exactly. [eksáktli ] Exactamente.
- Nothing wrong with. [nózing rong ] No hay problema.
- Precisely. [prisáisli ] Presisamente.
- That's fine. [dats fain ] Esta bién.
- Yes, that's correct. [..dats korékt ] Si, correcto.

Algunas formas para decir que algo no está correcto:

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- No, it isn't (actually). [nou, it isnt ] No, no lo es.

- I'm afraid you're wrong. [amefréid iu er... ] Estás equivocado
- You're not right. [iu er nat rait ] No tienes razón.
- I think you're wrong. [ai zink iu er rong ] Estás equivocado.
Unidad 3.

17-Preguntar y decir precios.

*How much is that watch?

- This one?
*No, the small one.
- Oh, that one is twenty dollars.
*Is it automatic?
- Yes, it is.
*Okey, I'll take it. And what is the
price of that ring, please?
- That ring costs fifty dollars.

Otras formas:

- How much do I owe you? [...duai ou iu ] Cuánto le debo?

- How much does it cost? [..dasit kost ] Cuánto vale?
- How much is everything? [..is evrizing ] Cuánto es por todo?
- It's worth... [its uorz ] Vale...
- That'll be... [datl bi ] Serán...
- The price is... [de prais is ] El precio es...
- What's the price of..? [... prais ov ] Cuál es el precio de...?

Gramática. How much? [jau moch] Cuánto/a? se utiliza para preguntar precios y
también para preguntar por cantidades no contables.

Ejemplo:

* How much sugar do you want in your coffee?

- Not much. Only a teaspoon.

18-Tomar o hacer un pedido o una órden.

* Good morning. May I help you?

- Yes, please. Bring me one beer and two sandwiches.
* What kind of beer do you prefer? We have light and dark beers.
- I prefer light beer.
* And what brand do you prefer? We have Hatuey, Cristal...?
- Bring me Cristal, please.
* What kind of sandwiches do you want? We have ham sandwich, ham
and cheese sandwich and cheese sandwich.
- I'd like one ham sandwich and one cheese sandwich.
* To stay or to go?
- One to stay and one to go.
* O.K. I'll bring them right now.
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Nota: Ver la función No. 42 para otras opciones.

19-Ofrecer algo. Aceptar o rehusar.

* Come in and sit down, Mr. Jones.

Would you like coffee?
- Yes, please.
* Do you want any milk in your coffee?
- No, thanks
* Would you care for some biscuits?
- Well, thanks.
* Here you are, serve yourself.
- Thank you, so much. It’s very
kind of you.

Unidad 4.

20-Expresar posibilidad o imposibilidad.

* Can you go to my house tonight, Jim?

- Sure, what time?
* Could you go at five?
- Sorry, but I can't. It's too early.
* What about at seven?
- May I see you at seven-thirty?
* OK. I can see you at seven thirty. Bye Jim.
- Bye Betty.
Gramática. Los verbos can y may se utilizan para expresar posibilidad, como en los
ejemplos anteriores Can también se utiliza para expresar habilidades .

Ejemplo:

* Can you swim, María?

- Yes, I can.
* Can you play the piano?
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- No, I can't.

21-Despedirse, decir adiós.

* I think it's late. What's the time?

- Ten-forty.
* Sorry, I need to go now. Good night.
- Good night, Jim.

Otras formas:

- I've got to go now. Tengo que irme ahora.

- I hope you don't mind... Espero no se moleste...
- Sorry, it's time to go. Lo siento, es hora de irme.
- I should go now Debo marcharme ahora
- I( really) have to go now. Realmente tengo que irme.
- It's been nice talking to you. Ha sido un placer conversar contigo
- See you around. Te veo por ahí.
- See you later. Te veo luego.
- So long. Hasta luego.
- Sorry, I must be on my way. Lo siento, debo seguir camino.
- Take care. Cuídate.

22-Preguntar y dar direcciones simples.

* Where's the barber shop, please?

- That way, at the end of the hall.
On the left.
* Thank you very much.
- You're welcome.
Otras formas:

- across from [ekrós from ] al cruzar

- behind [bijáind ] detrás
- beside [bisáid ] junto a
- between [bituin ] entre
- close to [klous tu ] cerca de
- downstairs [dáunsters ] abajo
- far from [far from ] lejos de
- in front of [in front ev ] en frente de
- near the [nir de ] cerca de
- next to [nekst tu ] al lado de
- on the first... [on de ferst ] en el primer...
- on the right [on de rait ] a la derecha
- upstairs [ópsters ] arriba

Nota: Para más lugares dentro del hotel ver Anexo 3.

Unidad 5.

23-Describir lugares.

* Have you got a house?

- No, I live in an apartment.
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* How many rooms has your apartment got?
- It has got a living room, a dining room, a kitchen,
three bedrooms, and a bathroom. The bathroom is in
front of the dining room, between the second and the
third bedrooms.

Uso de How many? [jau méni] ¿Cuántos? How many se utiliza para preguntar acerca
de cantidades contables en plural. Ej.

How many hospitals are there in Holguín?

How many rooms are there in your house?

Plural de sustantivos:
En inglés el plural de los sustantivos generalmente se forma añadiendo -s. Ej. book
[buk ] (libro) books [buks] (libros). No obstante existen otras formas para el plural.

Ej. Los sustantivos terminados en ch suave, sh, s, ss, x y z toman -es para el plural:

box [baks ] boxes [báksis ] cajas

brush [brosh ] brushes [bróshis ] cepillos
church [cherch ] churches [chérchis ] iglesias
glass [glas ] glasses [glásis ] vasos
lens [lens ] lenses [lénsis ] lentes

Si la pronunciación de la -ch es fuerte, se sigue la regla general, es decir, se le añade

una -s solamente. Ej.

monarch [ mánark ] monarchs [mánarks ] monarcas

Los sustantivos que terminan en -o toman, generalmente, -es para formar el plural.
Ejemplos:

negro [nígrou ] negroes [nígrous ] negros

potato [potéitou ] potatoes [potéitous ] papas
tomato [toméitou ] tomatoes [toméitous ] tomates

Los sustantivos terminados en -f o -fe forman el plural con la terminación -ves.

Ejemplos:

half [jaf ] halves [javs ] mitades

knife [naif ] knives [naivs ] cuchillos
thief [zif ] thieves [zivs ] ladrones
wife [uaif ] wives [uaivs ] esposas

Los excepciones de la regla anterior son:

brief [brif ] briefs [brifs ] resúmenes

chief [chif ] chiefs [chifs ] jefes
proof [pruf ] proofs [prufs ] pruebas
roof [ruf ] roofs [rufs ] techos
 15

Todos los sustantivos terminados en -ff tienen plural regular:

cliff [klif ] cliffs [klifs ] acantilados

stuff [ stof ] stuffs [stofs ] materiales

Los sustantivos terminados en -y precedida de una sola consonante, cambian la -y

en -ies para formar el plural. Ejemplo.

fly [flai ] flies [flais ] moscas

lady [leidi ] ladies [léidis ] damas
story [stóri ] stories [stóris ] cuentos

Cuando la -y precede vocal se le añade la -s solamente:

boy [boi ] boys [bois ] muchachos

day [dei ] days [deis ] días
key [ki ] keys [kis ] llaves
valley [váli ] valleys [vális ] valles
Hay sustantivos que cambian de forma para expresar el plural:

child [chaild ] children [chíldren ] hijos

foot [fut ] feet [fit ] pies
goose [gus ] geese [gis ] gansos
louse [laus ] lice [lais ] piojos
man [man ] men [men ] hombres
mouse [maus ] mice [mais ] ratones
ox [aks ] oxen [áksen ] bueyes
tooth [tuz ] teeth [tiz ] dientes
woman [uuman ] women [uimen ] mujeres

Algunos sustantivos se expresan en plural solamente:

Athletics [azlétiks ] atletismo

billiards [bílierds ] billar/es
news [nius/nus] ] noticia/s
politics [pálitiks ] política
scissors [sísers ] tijera/s
trousers [tráusers ] pantalón/es

Nota: En algunos casos para indicar el singular de algunos de los sustantivos arriba
señados, se puede utilizar la palabra "piece". Ej. A piece of news. (Una noticia.)

Existen sustantivos que se expresan solo en singular:

deer [dir venado/s

fish [fish pez/peces,pescado.
hose [jous manguera/s
sheep [ship oveja/s

Los sustantivos people, police, public, aunque singulares en forma, siempre se usan
con un verbo en plural, así decimos:

The people of Cuba are called Cubans.

 16
The police are investigating the crime.
The public in the restaurant are eating now.

PRIMER TRABAJO DE CONTRO

Unidad 6.

24-Describir una habitación.

* What is there in a double room?

- There are two beds, of course, air conditioner,
bathroom with shower, cold and hot water, color TV...
* What kind of beds are there in the room?
- They're twin beds.
* One more question. Is there telephone in the room?
- Yes, there's telephone too.
* Thank you very much.
- You're welcome sir.

Nota 1: Para otros muebles ver Anexo No.11

Nota 2: En inglés, el adverbio Hay se puede expresar a
través de las formas THERE IS[der is] o THERE ARE [der ar].
THERE IS se utiliza para el singular y THERE ARE para el plural.

1.There is only one hospital in Santa Lucía.

2.There are two hospitals in Holguín.

En la forma interrogativa se invierte el orden:

* Is there a hotel school in Santa Lucía?

- Yes, there's one.
* Are there any foreign language courses
- Yes, there are some English and German courses.

25-Solicitar una reservación en un hotel.

* Good morning. May I help you?

- I'd like to reserve a room.
* Do you wish a single or a double?
- How much is a double, please?
* Twenty-five dollars a night.
- All right, I'll take a double for two nights.
* Let me see your identification card, please?
- Sure. Here you are.
* Thanks. Here's your guest card and the key. Room six-thirty.
The porter will take your luggage to your room.
- No, it's not necessary. I can carry it. Thanks. Where's the
elevator, please?
* Over there, next to the telephone booth.
- Thank you.
* You're welcome, sir. Have a nice staying in the hotel.

Otras formas:

Can I make a reservation?
Can I reserve a room?
Do you have any room available?
I'd like to book a room.
I'd like to make a reservation.
Is it possible to reserve a room?
Is there a vacancy in the hotel?
17
Puedo hacer una reservación?
Puedo reservar una habitación?
Tiene algún cuarto disponible?
Quisiera reservar una habitación.
Desearía hacer una reservación.
Es posible reservar... ?
Hay algún cuarto vacante en el hotel?

26-Preguntar el tiempo de estancia en el hotel.

- Good afternoon.
* Good afternoon sir. May I help you?
- Yes, I have a reservation in this hotel.
* Your name, please?
- Thomas Baker.
* Let me see... Thomas Baker. Oh yes. How long are you staying in the hotel?
- Three nights.
* Could you show me your passport, please.
- Here you are.
* Thank you.

Otras formas:

How long will you be here? Qué tiempo estará aquí?

How many days are you staying? ¿Cuántos días estará?

27-Dar órdenes.

* Listen carefully. Go to the shop and buy me

a pack of cigarettes and some matches. Then go to the
paper stand and buy me a newspaper, OK?
And don't be late.

Otras formas en diferentes situaciones:

- Bring me some napkins. Tráigame algunas servilletas.

- Call me a taxi. Llámeme un taxi.
- Call me at seven. Llámeme a las siete.
- Put the baggage in the trunk. Ponga el equipaje en el maletero.
- Put my suitcase on the scale. Ponga la maleta en la pesa
- Take that dog out. Saque ese perro para afuera.
- Wake me up at six. Despiérteme a las seis.

28-Comprar artículos.

At the post-office : En el correo:

* I want to buy some stamps for this postcard, please.

- Where is it going?
* To Canada. How much is it?
- One dollar.

At the grocery store : En la tienda de víveres:

 18
* Give me two pounds of sugar, a pound of coffee, five pounds
of rice and a quarter of a pound of salt.
- Is that all?
* Yes, that's all. How much is it?
- Let me see... That'll be five dollars and fifty cents.

At the shop: En la tienda de ropa:

* Good morning. May I help you?

- Yes, please. I'd like to buy a shirt.
* What size do you wear?
- Medium, please.
* Would you like this one?
- I prefer something in brown.
* Brown? Let's see...In brown we have
plaid and check. Which one do you prefer?
- Plaid. I prefer plaid.
* Something like this?
- Yes, it's pretty.
* Try it on, please.
- I think that's Ok.
* Anything else? A tie, shoes...?
- No, that's all. How much is it?
* Fifteen dollars.

Nota: Ver Anexo No. 13 para otras prendas de vestir.

At the greengrocery: En el mercado:

* What can I do for you, sir?

- I'd like some potatoes.
* How many pounds do you wish?
- Five pounds.
* Here you are. Anything else?
We have sweet-potato, avocado,
tomatoes, banana, cabbage, lettuce.
- Do you have any red peppers?
* No, we only have green peppers.The red ones are all over.
- Give me two pounds only.
How much is everything?
* Let's see... Five pounds of potatoes and two
pounds of green peppers.
* That'll be one dollar and seventy-five cents.
- Here you are. Two dollars.
* Here's the change. Twenty-five cents.

Gramática. El infinitivo de los verbos en inglés se forma anteponiendo al mismo la

partícula to. Ejemplos:

* Do you want to buy anything, sir?

- Yes, I want to buy some potatoes and tomatoes.
* Would you like to see the bananas? We have green and ripe.
- No, thanks. That's all.
 19
Se exceptúan los verbos modales can, may, must, might, should, could. Después de los
verbos make, let, hear, see, watch, help, feel, y de los modales, cuando es necesario
utilizar otro verbo en infinitivo, éste se usa sin to. Ejemplos:

- Don't let him come in. - No le permita entrar

- Have you heard Tony play the piano?
- I felt someone touch me on the arm.
- I saw him cross the street.
- I watched her play tennis.
- This book will help you learn English.
- You should study hard everyday.
- ¿Has oido a Tony tocar el piano?
- Sentí que alguien me tocó en el brazo
- Lo ví cruzar la calle
- La ví jugar tennis
- Este libro te ayudará a aprender inglés
- Debes estudiar todos los días

Nota: Los verbos see, hear, watch, feel, que son verbos de los sentidos, admiten el uso
del participio (-ing). Asi podemos decir:
- I saw him crossing the street.
- I felt someone touching me on the arm.
- I watched the burglar stealing things.
- I heard the boy crying.

Unidad 7.

29-Preguntar por la ubicación de localidades.

* Do you live near here?

- Yes, I live in Santa Lucía.
* Where is Santa Lucía located?
- It's thirty-two kilometers far from Holguín.
* Near Guardalavaca beach?
- Yes, that's right.
* Oh, I remember now. Last year I went there to visit
some friends of mine. I went to Playa Blanca beach too. It's
a small beach but very nice.
- Have you ever been to Pesquero beach?
* No. Where is it?
- It's between Santa Lucía and Guardalavaca beach.

30-Decir lo que usted sabe o puede hacer.

* Can you speak English?

- Yes, I can. I can speak English, French and Spanish.
* Can you speak German?
- No, I can't.

Otras habilidades o conocimientos:

Cook. [kuk ] Cocinar.

Drive. [dráiv ] Manejar.
Play chess. [pléi ches ] Jugar ajedrez.
Play guitar. [pléi guitár ] Tocar guitarra.
Play piano. [plei piánou ] Tocar piano.
Swim. [suim ] Nadar.
Type. [táip ] Escribir en máquina.

31-Preguntar por alquiler, dirección,etc.

 20

* How much is the rent of the room?

- Fifty dollars a month.
* Do I need to pay in advance?
- No, you can pay at the end of the month.
* What is your address?
- 45 Second street, apartment 3F.
* Is it on the main floor?
- No, it's on the second floor.
Nota : Para la dirección primero se dice el número de la casa y después el nombre
de la calle. Cuando las calles se denoninan con números, se utilizan los ordinales.
Así decimos, First Street, Fifth Avenue, etc.

También se utilizan para los pisos de un edificio. Ej. I live on the second floor.

Unidad 8.

32-Hablar sobre donde otros trabajan, viven, etc.

* Excuse me, do you work here?

- Yes, I do. I'm a bartender.
* Oh, I see. Do you like your job?
- Yes, I like it very much. Besides, I help my country,
because we need foreign currency to buy food, medicines
and other products.
* Do you live near here?
- Yes, I live six kilometers far from here. Where do you live?
* I live in Toronto and work in a hospital.
- Oh, are you a doctor?
* No, I'm a lab technician.

Nota: Para otros nombres de puestos de trabajo, ver Anexo 3.

Otras formas:

Have you got a job? [jav iu gat e yab ] ¿Tiene trabajo?

What do you do [juat du iu du ] ¿Qué hace?
What do you do for a living? [...for e líving ] ¿A qué te dedicas?
What's your occupation? [akiupéishen ] ¿Cuál es socupación?
What's your profession? [`...iur proféshen ] ¿Cuál es su profesión?

Si no trabaja:

- I don't work. [ don`t uerk ] No trabajo.

- I'm a housewife. [aime jaus uaif ] Soy ama de casa.
- I'm a student. [aime stúdent ] Soy estudiante.
- I'm unemployed. [aim onemplóid ] Estoy desempleado.
- I'm looking for a job. [aim lúking.. ] Estoy buscando trabajo.
- I'm out of work. [.. aut ev uerk ] Estoy sin trabajo.
- I'm retired. [aim ritáird ] Soy retirado/jubilado.

33-Hablar sobre el estado civil de una persona.

 21

* Are you still single?

- Well, I got married two years ago, but actually I'm
split away from my husband.
* Are you going to divorce?
- Yes, that's right.
* Oh, I'm sorry.
- Well, to tell you the truth, I've got a
boyfriend. He's very cute. What about you?
* I'm engaged to be married next month.
- Really? Congratulations!

Otras formas:

- I'm a widow. [aime uídou ] Soy viuda.

- I'm a widower. [aime uídouer ] Soy viudo
- I'm divorced. [aim divóurst ] Soy divorciado/a.
- I have a fiancé. [jav e fianséi ] Tengo novio.
- I'm shacked up [aim shakt op ] Estoy acompañado/a.

Unidad 9.

34-Describir hábitos cotidianos y rutinarios. Obtener información de otros.

* What do you usually do in the morning?

- I usually get up at five-thirty or six. Then I take a shower,
shave myself and have breakfast.
* What time do you start working?
- I start working at eight, so I take the bus at seven-thirty.
* What time do you finish?
- I finish at five, then I come back home about five-thirty.
* Do you have lunch at work?
- Yes, I have lunch at work, but I have dinner at home.
* What about the evenings? What do you usually do?
- In the evenings, I usually watch T.V. or read a book.
Sometimes, I go out and drink some beer or talk to my friends.
* What about on weekends?
- On weekends, I sometimes go to the movies or to a restaurant.
When I stay at home I usually see the films and go to bed late.
* Do you always go to bed late?
- Not really. Most of the time I go to bed about ten.

Otras actividades diarias:

do the housework: [... jáusuerk ] trabajar en la casa:

. clean the house. [`klin de jaus ] .limpiar la casa
. cook [kuk ] .cocinar
. do the laundry [du de londri ] .lavar
. dust. [dost ] .desempolvar
. iron. [ai-ern ] .planchar
. make the beds. [méik de beds ] .arreglar las camas.
. mop. [map ] .trapear
 22
. run errands. [ron érends ] .hacer mandados
. set the table. [set de téibol ] .preparar la mesa
. sweep the floor. [suip de flor ] .barrer
. wash the dishes. [uash.. díshis ] .fregar

Otras actividades (en el tiempo libre):

. dance [dans ] bailar

. drink [drink ] tomar.
. go camping [gou kámping ] ir al campismo.
. go fishing [gou físhing ] ir de pesca.
. go to parties [gou tu pártis ] ir a fiestas.
. go to the beach [..tu de bich ] ir a la playa.
. go to the movies [gou to de muvis ] ir al cine.
. listen to music [lísen tu miúsik ] oir música
. play chess [pléi ches ] jugar ajedrez.
. practice sport. [práktis sport ] practicar deportes
. read books [rid buks ] leer libros.
. visit friends [vísit frends ] visitar amigos
. watch T.V [uach tivi ] ver televisión
. write letters [rait léters ] escribir cartas

Otras:
. study. [stódi ] estudiar
. take a bath. [teik e baz ] bañarse
. take a nap. [teik e nap ] echar una siesta
. take care of the children [teik ker ev... ] cuidar los niños

Nota:Al describir estas actividades, podemos hacerlo más correctamente si le

agregamos un adverbio de frecuencia. Así podemos decir:

* I sometimes go fishing on weekends. What about you?

- Well, I always watch television.

Algunos adverbios de frecuencia:

- always [ol-uis ] siempre
- never [néver ] nunca
- often [òfen ] a menudo
-seldom [séldem ] rara vez
- sometimes [sómtaims ] algunas veces
- usually [iúshueli ] generalmente

A esta relación, podemos añadir algunas frases tales como:

- almost never [ólmoust néver ] casi nunca
- almost always [... ol-uis ] casi siempre
- once a year [uans e ier ] una vez al año
- once in a while [uans ine juail ] de vez en cuando
- several times [séverel taims ] varias veces
- twice a year [tuais e ier ] dos veces al año

35-Obtener información personal.

* What's your name, please ?

- Frank Smith.
 23
* Where do you live ?
- I live in Holguin.
* What's your address ?
- 430 Maceo Street.
* How old are you ?
- I'm twenty five years old.
* Are you married?
- No, not yet.

36-Obtener y dar información sobre otras personas.

* What does your wife do ?

- She works in a factory.
* What's her job ?
- Excuse me?
* What is her prefession ?
- She is an engineer.
* How old is she?
- She’s twenty nine years old.

Gramática: A los verbos en la tercera persona del singular

(he, she o it), se le añade una -s.. Ejemplos:

* Do you have children?

- Yes, I have a boy and a girl.
* What do they like to do on weekends?
- Well, the girl likes to go to the beach,
and the boy plays football or goes to the movies.

Nota: Cuando el verbo termina en -ch,-sh,-x,-se,-ce,-z,-s,-ge

se le añade la terminación -es y ésta se pronuncia [iz] La pronunciación de este sonido
es similar al zumbido que produce una abeja al volar.Está representado en la pronunciación
figurada de este folleto, por la letra (-s). Ejemplos:

box [baks ] boxes [báksis ] boxear

cross [kras ] crosses [krásis ] cruzar
dance [dans ] dances [dáncis ] bailar
frizz [fris ] frizzes [frísis ] rizar
teach [tich ] teaches [tíchis ] enseñar
use [ius ] uses [iúsis ] usar
wash [uash ] washes [uáshis ] lavar

Unidad l0.

37-Expresar incertidumbre o duda.

* What time does the shop close ?

- I'm not sure. I think it closes at nine.
I'm not too sure. Sorry.
* Thanks anyway.
........................................................
* Excuse me, what are the hours of the shop?
 24
- I don't know exactly. Sorry.
* That's OK.

Otras formas:

- Could be. [kud bi ] Pudiera ser.

- I can't decide. [ai kent disáid ] No me decido.
- I can't make up my mind. [méikop mai maind ] No puedo decidirme.
- I couldn't say. [ai kúdent sei ] No podría decir.
- I don't know. [ai dount nou ] No se.
- I'm not really sure. [aim nat ríli shur ] No estoy seguro.
- I'm not too sure. [aim nat tuu shur ] No estoy muy seguro.
- It's possible. [ its pásibel ] Es posible.
- Maybe. [méibi ] Puede ser.
- Perhaps. [perjáps ] Quizás.

38- Expresar certeza.

* What are the hours of the post office, please ?

- The post office is open from 8.00 am to 6.00 pm.
* Are you sure?
- Of course, I am.
* Is it open on Sundays too?
- That’s right, but only in the morning.
* Thank you for your information.
- You're welcome, sir.
Otras formas:

Certainly. [sértenli ] Ciertamente

I'm absolutely sure.
I'm fairly sure.
I've got no doubt.
It's quite certain.
That's obvious.
Yes, really.
You can be sure.
You can bet.
[ábselutli shur ] Absolutamente seguro.
[aim férli shur ] Estoy bastante seguro.
[gat nou daubt ] No tengo dudas.
[kuait sérten ] Es cierto.
[dats ábvios ] Eso es obvio.
[ies ríli ] Sí, realmente.
[iu ken bi shur ] Puede estar seguro.
[iu ken bet ] Puedes apostar.

39-Rectificar a una persona.

* Your telephone number is 2-0-4-4-5, isn't it ?

- No, you're wrong. My telephone number is 2-0-4-5-4.

Nota: En inglés el número del teléfono se dice uno por uno. Así el número
anterior se dice: two-oh-four-five-four.

Otras formas:

I'm afraid you're not right Me temo que no tiene razón

I'm afraid you're wrong Me temo que está equivocado.
No, it isn't (actually). No, realmente no lo es.
I think you're wrong. Creo que está equivocado.

40-Preguntar y decir si alguien conoce sobre algo.

 25

* What do you know about Chemistry?

- Actually, I don't know very much about Chemistry. Why?
* I have a test tomorrow and I need to study, but I have some doubts.
- Sorry, but I can't help you. You better ask somebody else.
* Yes. Thanks anyway.

Otras formas:

Do you happen to know...? ¿Por casualidad usted sabe...?

Have you heard about...? ¿Has oido acerca de....?
Have you got any idea about...? ¿Tienes alguna idea acerca...?

SEGUNDO TRABAJO DE CONTROL

41-Preguntar por preferencias. Expresar gustos y aversiones.

Sobre comidas:

* What do you prefer, fish or seafood?

- Actually, I like neither fish nor seafood.
I can't stand them.
* What kind of food do you prefer?
- I prefer beef. In fact, I like beef very much. What about you?
* Well, I like beef too.

Otras formas para preguntar:

Which is your favorite food? ¿Cuál es tu comida favorita?

Don't you like coleslaw? ¿No te gusta la ensalada de col?

Otras formas:

I don't think I'd like it. Creo que no me gustaría.

I enjoy... Me gusta...
I love... Me encanta...
I'm afraid I don't like ... Creo que no me gusta.
I'm fond of... Soy aficionado a...
It’s wonderful Es maravilloso.
¡Oh, how awful! Ah que malo!
What I enjoy more is... Lo que más me gusta es...
I'm very keen on... Soy muy aficionado a...
I hate.. Odio...
I can't bear... No aguanto...
I can’t stand... No soporto...

Sobre películas:

* What kind of films do you like, Richard?

- I like action films. What about you ?
* Well, I like all kind of films, except musicals.
 26
Otros tipos de películas:

Cartoons. [kartnús ] Dibujos animados.

Comedies. [kámedis ] Comedias.
Comics. [kámiks ] Tira cómica
Disaster. [disáster ] Desastres.
Epic films. [épik films ] Filmes épicos
Historic films. [jistárik ] Históricos
Horror. [járer ] De horror.
Love story [lov ] De amor.
Police story. [polís stóri ] Policiaco.
Romantic films. [roumántik ] Películas románticas
Science-fiction. [sáiens fíkshen ] Ciencia-ficción.
War films. [uor films ] De guerra.
Westerns. [uésterns ] Del oeste.

Sobre deportes:

- Do you like sports, Tony?

*Yes, I love baseball. What about you?
- I like tennis.
*Do you practice it?
- Not really, I only like to see it.

Otros deportes:

Athletics. [azlétiks ] Atletismo.

Basketball. [báskitbol ] Baloncesto.
Bowling. [bouling ] Bolos.
Boxing. [báksing ] Boxeo.
Fencing. [fénsing ] Esgrima.
Football. [fútbol ] Balompié.
Golf. [galf ] Golf.
Gymnastics. [yimnástiks ] Gimnasia.
Handball. [jándbol ] Balonmano.
Hockey. [jáki ] Hockey.
Horse racing. [jors réising ] Carrera de caballos.
Ice hockey [ais jáki ] Hockey sobre hielo.
Ice skating. [ais skéiting ] Patinaje sobre hielo.
Judo. [yúdou ] Judo.
Softball. [sóftbol ] Softbol.
Swimming. [suíming ] Natación.
Table tennis. [téibel ténis ] Tenis de mesa.
Volleyball. [válibol ] Volibol.
Water polo. [uóter póulou ] Polo Acuático.
Wrestling. [résling ] Lucha.

42-Tomar y ordenar el pedido en el restaurante. Ofertar.

HW: Good afternoon. Welcome to our restaurant. Would you like to have lunch?
T1: Yes, please.
HW: How many persons?
T1: Two persons.
HW: Follow me, please... Do you like this table?
 27
T1: Yes, that's OK, thanks.
HW: Here's the menu.
T2: What's on the menu, honey?
T1: There's shrimp cocktail and juice as an appetizer.
T2: What about the main dish?
T1: There's shrimp creole, fish filet, blue crab and lobster with sauce.
T1: Let's order grilled filet of fish and mashed potatoes.
T2: I want lobster... and I want to try the rice with seafood. I think they
call it "paella".
T1: What about dessert? We can have ice-cream or custard.They also have bread
pudding and French pastry.
HW: May I take your order now?
T1: Yes, we'd like two orange juices, then we'll have two fish chowders.
HW: And what would you like as a main dish?
T2: I'd like rice with seafood. I mean paella and grilled filet of fish with mashed
potatoes.
T1: What goes with the lobster?
HW: Excuse me?
T1: Does the lobster come with a vegetable?
HW: Yes, it does. It comes with carrots or if you'd like, French fries.
T1: Then I'll take the lobster and the French fries.
HW: Would you like salad? We have a lettuce and tomato salad, cucumber, mixed
salad and coleslaw.
T2: We'll take coleslaw and tomato salad.
HW: Just one?
T2: Yes, just one.
T1: Remember, I want chocolate ice-cream.
T2: We'll order that afterwards.
HW: What would you like to drink? We have red and white wine, Cuban beers, light
and dark.
T2: I'll have a beer.I found the dark beer very good. What would you like?
T1: I'll have one, too.
HW: I'll bring everything right away. Here you are. Enjoy your meal.
T1: Thanks.
HW: Anything else?
T1: Would you care for anything else, darling?
T2: No, I don't care for anything else.
T1: Neither do I. Could we have the check, please?
HW: Yes, of course, right now.

Otras formas para tomar el pedido:

May I take your order now? ¿Puedo tomar el pedido ahora?

Can I have your order? ¿Puedo tomar el pedido?
Are you ready to order? ¿Está listo para ordenar?
What would you like to have? Qué desea ordenar?

Otras formas para ordenar un pedido:

Bring me some lamb, please. Tráigame cordero, por favor.

Have you got any tomato salad? ¿Tiene ensalada de tomate?
I want roast pork. Deseo lechón asado.
I'd like some chicken, please. Quisiera pollo, por favor.
I'll have seafood, please. Quiero marisco, por favor
 28
Lobster for me, please Langosta para mi, por favor.

Nota: Para otras opciones en el restaurante ver Anexo No. 6

43-Dar opiniones.

En el restaurante:

* What do you think about the food?

- I think it was very good.
* And what's your opinion about the service?
- I guess it was excellent.

Otras formas:

The chicken was tasteless. El pollo estaba desabrido.

The lamb had a funny taste. El cordero tenía un gusto raro.
The soup was salty. La sopa estaba salada.
The steak was rough. El bisté estaba correoso.

En el cine:

* Did you like the movie, Mariam?

- I think it was O.K.
* What about you Jim?
+ Frankly, I think it was boring.
* Do you think so, Betty?
- Well, I think it was funny after all.

Otras formas:

Fantastic. [fantástik ] Fastástico

From my point of view... [...póint ev viu ] Desde mi punto de vista.
I believe... [ia bilív ] Yo creo...
I guess [ai ges ] Me imagino...
I just like to say... [... laik tu sei ] Quisiera decir...
I must say... [ai most sei ] Debo decir...
I think... [ai zink ] Yo pienso...
In my opinion... [in mai opínien ] En mi opinión.
It was good. [it uas gud ] Fue buena.
It was great. [...greit ] Estaba excelente.
It was too long. [it uas tuu long ] Fue muy larga.
It wasn't any good. [it uasnt eni gud ] No estuvo nada buena.
Terrific [terífik ] Bárbara.

44-Hablar sobre el tiempo.

* What's the weather like in your country?

- It's rather cold. In winter, it snows and the days are cold and windy.
In spring, it's always warm and it rains sometimes.
* What's it like in summer?
- June, July and August are summer months. They're rather hot, but,
 29
of course, not so hot like here, in Cuba. The sun shines most of the time.
* Is it hot in autumm, too?
- Well, in September and October, it's always warm. November is rather cold
and sometimes it rains and snows.
* What season do you prefer?
- I like spring and autumn. The weather's very pleasant. I don't like winter
at all because the days are very cold and short.
What's the weather like in Cuba?
*Oh, Cuba is an endless summer.

Otros estados del tiempo:

cloudy. [kláudi ] nublado.

cool. [kul ] fresco.
foggy [fógi ] neblinoso.
rainy. [réini ] lluvioso.
stormy. [stórmi ] tempestuoso.
sunny [sóni ] soleado.
drizzly [drísli ] lloviznoso.

Nota: Ver Anexo No. 2 para las estaciones del año

Unidad l2.

45-Preguntar y sugerir qué hacer.

* Do you want to go to the movies ?

- No, I don't want to go to the movies.
I prefer to go to a restaurant.
* Would you like to go to a French restaurant ?
- No, I'd like to go to an Italian restaurant .
- Well, let's go then.

Otras formas de preguntar y sugerir:

How about..? ¿Que te parece....?

What about going to...? ¿Que te parece ir a...?
Do you wish to go to...? ¿Deseas ir a...?
We might... Podríamos...
We could go to... Pudiéramos ir a...

46-Decir qué desea y no desea hacer.

* I don't want to go to the beach tomorrow .

- Frankly, I don't feel like going either.
I prefer to stay home and rest this weekend.
* I think we could go out for dinner tonight.
What do you think?
- Good idea! Let's go.
........................................................
* Betty, I have two tickets for a concert.
Would you like to go?
- What time is the concert?
* It's at eight-thirty.
 30
- OK. Great!

Otras formas:

I believe... I guess... Yo creo... Supongo

I have to work. Tengo que trabajar
I think it's too late. Creo que es muy tarde.
I'd like to. Me gustaría.
I'd love to. Me encantaría.
I'm sleepy, tired Tengo sueño. Estoy cansado
I'm too busy. Estoy muy ocupado.
Marvellous! ¡Maravilloso!
Wonderful! ¡Formidable!
47-Preguntar si está de acuerdo o no con algo o alguien.

* Guardalavaca beach is really beautiful, isn't it?

- Oh, yes. It really is, but people prefer Pesquero beach.
Don't you agree?
* I don't think so. I prefer Guardalavaca.

Otras formas de preguntar si está de acuerdo.

Do you agree? ¿Estás de acuerdo?

Don't you think so? ¿No piensas eso?
What's your opinion? Cuál es tu opinión?
What do you think about...? ¿Qué tu piensas sobre...?
What do you feel about.. Qué piensas de...?

Otras formas de decir si está de acuerdo o no.

Actually, I think... Realmente pienso...

I agree entirely.
I don't think that's right.
I think so, too.
Oh, I'm not too sure.
That's no the way I see it.
That's what I think.
Yes, but on the other hand...
I agree with you.
I think so too.
Estoy enteramente de acuerdo
Creo que eso no está bién.
Creo eso también.
Oh, no estoy muy seguro.
No lo veo de esa forma.
Eso es lo que pienso
Si, pero por otra parte...
Estoy de acuerdo contigo.
Pienso eso también.

48-Responder a una solicitud.

* Excuse me, can you give me a brochure

about Varadero?
- Sure, here you are. Anything else?
* Do you have Cuban maps available?
- I'm sorry, sir. We don't have any left.
* Thanks anyway.
 31

Unidad 13.

49-Hablar sobre un hecho que ocurrió en el pasado.

* Where were you last week ?

- I was at the beach. What about you ?
* I was in the country at my mother's.
- Did you enjoy your vacation ?
* Yes, I enjoyed it very much.
- What did you do there ?
* I rode on horseback, made a campfire,
sang songs and danced.

Nota: Como puede observar en los ejemplos del diálogo, el pasado de los verbos
regulares se forma agregándole al verbo la terminación ed. (Anexo No.4). Para los
verbos irregulares ver Anexo No.5. Para las formas interrogativas se utiliza el auxiliar
did al inicio de la oración, con el verbo en presente. Para el negativo se utiliza generalmente la forma
contractada didn't. Ejemplos:

-Did you go to the movies last night?

* Yes, I did.
-Did your girlfriend go too?
* No, she didn`t.

Otras formas:

- Did you go to...last weekend? ¿Fuiste a...el fin de semana?

- Were you at home last night? ¿Estabas en casa anoche?
- What did you do yesterday? ¿Qué hiciste ayer?

50-Pedir y dar razones acerca de algo.

* Do you like your job ?

- Yes, I do.
* Why do you like it?
- Because I feel happy in my job and
my co-workers are friendly.
........................................................
* You didn't eat your meal. Why ?
- Because it was too salty and tasteless.
........................................................
* Why didn't you come to school yesterday?
- Because I was sick.
........................................................
* Why didn't you go to the party?
- Because I didn't have money.

Otras formas:

- Let me explain, you see... - Déjame explicarte, tu ves...

- The reason was that... - El motivo fue que....
 32
- Well, you see... - Bueno, mira...
- You know, the matter is... - Tu sabes, la cuestión es...
Unidad 14.

51-Preguntar y hablar sobre el pasado y el presente.

* Why didn't you come to work yesterday? What happened ?

- Well. I was sick, I had fever and headache.
* Did you see the doctor ?
- Yes, I went to see the doctor. He told me
to stay in bed and take some aspirins.
* How do you feel today ?
- I'm better now.

52-Describir sus experiencias en la escuela, antes de trabajar.

Hablar de otros trabajos anteriores.

* When did you start studying and where ?
- I started school when I was six. I went to a
primary school near my house. I began the secondary
school at the age of twelve and finished when I was
sixteen. When I was seventeen I went to study at a
polytechnical school. My first job was in a factory as
a mechanic, but I didn't like it because it was too dirty
and the pay was very bad.
* What happened then ?
- I changed my job and started working in this hotel.

Unidad 15.

53-Describir lo que una persona hizo ayer, unos días atrás.

*What did you do yesterday Peter?

- I went to the baseball game. Later, I drank some beer and played
dominoes. What about you ? What did you do?
*Oh, nothing special. I stayed home and watched TV.
- Did you see the film?
*Yes, I saw it.
- Did you like it?
*Well, it wasn't bad.

TERCER TRABAJO DE CONTROL

Unidad 16.

54-Preguntar y decir si alguien está temeroso o preocupado.

*You don't look well. What's the matter with you?

- Well, I'm all right, but I'm worried about my English test.
*Worried about the English test? Why? I think you're the best student in class.
 33
*Well, to tell you the truth, I always have problems with the listening comprehension.
It's hard to me to understand the dialogues.
- Well, that happens to me too, but I'm not worried about that.
You know what? My problem is that I'm afraid of talking.

Otras formas:

You look upset. iu luk opsét ] Pareces indispuesto

Is anything wrong?
You seem depressed.
Is something wrong?
You seem nervous.
Are you O.K.?
55-Calmar a alguien.
[is énizing rong ] ¿Algún problema?
[iu sim diprést ] Te ves deprimido.
[is somzing rong ] ¿Hay algún problema?
[iu sim nérves ] Te ves nervioso.
[ar iu oukéi ] ¿Estás bien?

* Hey Tom, you look worried. Is something wrong?

- Well, I'm worried about Martha. She didn't go to the partylast night.
She didn't call me either. Maybe she's sick or had a problem at home.
I called her up, but nobody answered.
* Come on, take it easy. Perhaps she was tired or had to take care of her daughter.
- Yes, I think you're right.
* Why don't you try to call her again?
- Yes, that's what I'll do. Thanks, Miriam.
* See you later, Tom.

Otras formas:

- Calm down¡ - ¡Cálmate!

- Cheer up¡ - ¡Anímate!
- Don't worry. - No te preocupes.
- I assure you... - Te aseguro que...
- It must be nothing serious. - No debe ser nada serio.
- Relax. - Relájate
- There's nothing to worry about. - No hay por qué preocuparse.
- You shouldn't get nervous. - No debes ponerte nervioso
- Take it easy - Tómalo con calma

56-Hablar sobre algo que ocurrirá en el futuro

* What are you going to do tomorrow ?

- I'm going to work in the morning. In the afternoon, I'm going to
have a meeting and in the evening, I'm going to stay home.
What about you?
*Well, I don't know what to do. Maybe I'll go to the movies or somewhere else.
You know, a
friend invited me to a party, but I don't know what to do.
- Well, see you around.
* Bye, John.

Nota: En inglés el futuro se forma, principalmente, de dos maneras diferentes:

una es utilizando, como en los ejemplos arriba indicados, la forma going to y la otra
el auxiliar will delante del verbo de que se trate. Ejemplos: I will go (I'll go) to the party
if she invites me. Cuando se utiliza en la forma interrogativa, se invierte el orden del
auxiliar. Ejemplo:
 34

* Will you go to the movies tonight?

-Yes, I will
Nota: El negativo de will es will not (won't)
57-Especular sobre el futuro.

* When are you going to Havana ?

- Probably next week.
* Are you going by bus ?
- No, I think by plane.
* How long are you staying there ?
- I don't know exactly. I made a reservation
for a week, but it depends. In fact,
I guess I'll need one more week.
* Do you have any relatives there?
- Yes, I have some uncles, aunts and cousins.
* Well, have a nice trip.
- Thanks.
..........................................................
* I want to invite Mary to go to the movies.
Do you think she will go?
- Well, if you are going to invite her, I think you
should first call her up.
* Yes, that's right. I'm going to call her up first,
to see if she is free tonight. Thanks.
- Are you going anywhere later ?
* I don't know. I think we could go to a restaurant
or to a night club.
- Well, good luck.
* Thanks.

Unidad 17.

58-Hablar sobre intenciones y planes futuros.

* Well, Mike, it's the New Year's Eve. Do you have any plans
for the future ?
- Well, next year I intend to make a trip to Germany.
I'm going to see my brother. He got married there and he
invited me to spend my vacations together. What about you?
* Next year, I hope to work in Havana.
- Really? Do you have some relatives there ?
* Yes, all my family lives in Old Havana. So I'm definitely
going to live there.
- Where are you planning to work?
* Well, I think in a hotel by the beach.

59-Decir que algo es posible o probable.

* Where are you going to spend your vacations ?

- Possibly, I'll go to the country.
* How long are you going to stay there ?
- I'm not sure. Probably a week, perhaps more, it depends.
* What about you ?
 35
- I don't know, I think I'll go see my mother in Santiago.

Otras formas:

- Could be. [kud bi ] - Pudiera ser.

- It would be possible. [it ud bi pásebl ] - Sería posible.
- It`s probable. [its prábebl ] - Es probable.
- Maybe. [méibi ] - Puede ser.
- Possibly. [pásebli ] - Posiblemente.

Unidad 18.

60-Expresar necesidad, obligación.

* Listen. I'm going camping this weekend. Do you want to join me?
- I would like to go, but I have to work on Saturday
and on Sunday, too. I have a lot of work to do and I need to finish as soon as possible.
* Well, maybe some other time.
- Yes, sure. Thanks anyway.

Otras formas:

- You don`t feel very well. I think you should see the doctor.
- I have so many things to do, that I have to work this Sunday.
- We have a meeting at seven. You must be here on t

Nota 1: Have to y must indican obligación.

Should expresa obligacion moral.
También en lugar de should se puede utiilizar el verbo ought to. Need expresa
necesidad. Observe que después de must y should se omite la partícula to para
expresar el infinitivo del verbo que les precede en los ejemplos señalados.

Nota 2: Los verbos must y ought to son invariables, por lo que no tienen ni pasado
ni futuro.

61-Pedir y dar instrucciones.

* I don't know how this tape-recorder works .

- Let me show you. First, of course, put the cassette
in the recorder then put the recorder on, and press
the "play" button. That's easy. Isn't it?
Let me see... First I put the cassette in the recorder, then I
turn the tape-recorder on. Is it OK.?
- Yes, that's right.
* One more question: How can I record?
- Well, press the record and the play buttons at the same time.
* Thanks a lot.
- Don't mention it.
 36

Otras formas:

-First [ferst ] - Primero

-After that... [á fter dat ] - Después de eso...
-Later... [léiter ] - Más tarde...
-At the end... [at di end ] - Al final...
-Cut. [kot ] - Corta
-Finally... [fáineli ] - Finalmente.
-It`s like this [its laik dis ] - Es de esta forma...
-Let me show you. [letmi shou iu ] - Déjame enseñarte.
-Lift and push... [lift end push ] - Levanta y empuja
-Press [pres ] - Presiona...
-Take... [téik ] - Coge...
-This is how to do it. [jau tu du it ] - Así es cómo se hace.
-Turn off... [tern of ] - Apaga...
-Turn on... [tern on ] - Enciende...

62-Preguntar y dar direcciones.

* Excuse me, could you tell me where the supermarket is, please?
- Sure. Go straight ahead for two blocks, then turn right the
supermarket is on the left.
* Thank you very much.
- You're welcome.
.............................................................
* Do you know where the drug store is, please?
- Well, walk to the corner and turn left. At the end of the
second block is the drug store. You can see the neon sign
in front of the building.
..............................................................
- Please, where is the bus station?
* Down the street, near the hospital.
- Is that near here ?
* Yes, only two blocks far.
- Thank you very much.
* You're welcome.
..............................................................
- Can you tell me the way to go to the beach, please?
* Sure. On the corner of the park turn left, then walk 'till the end
of the street and turn right. That's the road to the beach.
- Thank you.
* Enjoy yourselves.
..............................................................
- Do you happen to know where the manager's office is, please?
* Yes, go upstairs and turn right. At the end of the hall
is the manager's office.
- Thanks a lot.
* Don't mention it.
..............................................................
- Excuse me, how can I get to the library, please?
* That way, in front of the gas station.
- Thanks.
 37

- Excuse me, is there a telephone booth around here?

* Yes, it`s next to the post office.
- Good. Thank you.
* You're welcome, sir.
.............................................................
* Good morning sir. Could you show me the way to get to the
bank, please?
- Sure. Go to the corner and turn right. The bank is on the left, behind the
post office.
..............................................................
* Excuse me, is the hospital near here?
- Yes. Do you see that four-story building at the end of the
street?
* That big one?
- Yes. That's the hospital.
* Oh, thank you very much.
- You are welcome.

PRUEBA FINAL

ANEXOS

Anexo No.1

Cardinal Numbers [kádinal nómbers ] Números Cardinales

Numbers [nómbers ] Números

zero [sírou ] cero

one [uan ] uno
two [tu ] dos
three [zri ] tres
four [four ] cuatro
five [faiv ] cinco
six [siks ] seis
seven [séven ] siete
 38
eight [eit ] ocho
nine [nain ] nueve
ten [ten ] diez
eleven [iléven ] once
twelve [tuelv ] doce
thirteen [zertín ] trece
fourteen [fourtín ] catorce
fifteen [fiftín ] quince
sixteen [sikstín ] dieciseis
seventeen seventín [ diecisiete
eighteen [eitín ] dieciocho
nineteen [naintín ] diecinueve
twenty [tuénti ] veinte
thirty [zérti ] treinta
forty [forti ] cuarenta
fifty [fífti ] cincuenta
sixty [síksti ] sesenta
seventy [séventi ] setenta
eighty [éiti ] ochenta
ninety [náinti ] noventa
one hundred [uan jóndred ] cien
one hundred and one [...end uan ] ciento uno
one thousand [uan záusand ] mil
one thousand and one [... end uan ] mil uno

Anexo No 2

Ordinal Numbers [órdinal nómbers] Números ordinales

1st. first [ferst ] primero

2nd. second [sékond ] segundo
3rd. third [zerd ] tercero
4th. fourth [fóurz ] cuarto
5th. fifth [fifz ] quinto
6th. sixth [siksz ] sexto
7th. seventh [sévenz ] séptimo
8th. eighth [éitz ] octavo
9th. ninth [náinz ] noveno
10th. tenth [tenz ] décimo
11th. eleventh [ilévenz ] undécimo
12th. twelfth [tuelfz ] duodécimo
13th. thirteenth [zertínz ] décimotercero
14th. fourteenth [fourtínz ] décimocuarto
15th. fifteenth [fiftínz ] décimoquinto
16th. sixteenth [sikstínz ] décimosexto
l7th. seventeenth [seventínz ] décimoseptimo
 39
18th. eighteenth [eitínz ] décimoctavo
19th. nineteenth [naintínz ] decimonoveno
20th. twentieth [tuenti-iz ] tuenti-iz
21st. twentieth first [tuenti ferst ] tuenti-iz
30th. thirtieth [zérti-iz ] trigésimo
40th. fortieth [fórti-iz ] cuadragésimo
50th. fiftieth [fífti-iz ] quincuagésimo
60th. sixtieth [síksti-iz ] sexagsimo
70th. seventieth [séventi-iz ] septuagésimo
80th. eightieth [éiti-iz ] octagésimo
90th. ninetieth [náinti-iz ] nonagésimo
100th. one hundredh [uan jndredz ] centésimo
101st. ...and first [ ...end ferst ] centésimo primero
1000th one-thousandth [uan záusanz ] milésimo

Anexo No. 3

a) Months of the year [monzs ov de iar ] Meses del año:

January [yániueri ] Enero

February [fébrueri ] Febrero
March [march ] Marzo
April [éipril ] Abril
May [méi ] Mayo
June [yun ] Junio
July [yulái ] Julio
August [ gost ] Agosto
September [ septémber ] Septiembre
October [aktóuber ] Octubre
November [nouvmber ] Noviembre
December [disémber ] diciembre.

b) Days of the week [déis ev de uik ] Días de la semana

Sunday [sóndi ] Domingo

Monday [mondi ] Lunes
Tuesday [tiusdi ] Martes
Wednesday [uénsdi ] Miércoles
Thursday [zérsdi ] Jueves
Friday [fráidi ] Viernes
Saturday [sáterdi ] Sábado

Nota: Los días de la semana y los meses se escriben con mayúscula.

c) Seasons [sísons ] Estaciones:

winter [uínter ] invierno

spring [spring ] primavera
summer [sómer ] verano
autumn [ótom ] otoño

d) Alphabet: [álfabet ] Alfabeto:

 40
a [ei ] b [bi ] c [si ] d [di ] e [i ] f [ef ] g [yi ] h` [eich] i [ai ]

j [yei ] s [es ] k [kei] l [el ] m [em] n [en ] o [ou ] p [pi ] q [kiu]

r [ar ] t [ ti ] u [iu ] v [vi ] w [dóbel iu] x [eks] y [uai ] z [zi ] (l)

(1) El sonido de esta letra, aunque se representa con la -z, es similar al alsonido que produce
una abeja al volar. En la pronunciación figurada de este folleto, para evitar confusiones, lo
representamos con la letra -s.

Anexo No. 4

Puestos de trabajo en el hotel :

Bartender [bártender ] Cantinero/a.

Bellboy/Porter [bélboi/pórter ] Maletero.
Bus driver [bos dráiver ] Chofer de omnibus.
Cashier [kashír ] Cajero.
Chambermaid [chéimberméid ] Camarera
Chef [chef ] J. de cocina
Cook [kuk ] Cocinero
Cook helper [kuk jélper ] Ayudante de cocina.
Customer's Services [kóstemers... ] Relaciones pùblicas
Desk clerk [désklerk ] Carpetero.
Disc Jockey [disk yáki ] Operador de audio
Entertainer [entertéiner ] Animador.
Gardemanger [gardemanyéi ] Lunchero
Head waiter [jed uéiter ] J. de salón(m).
Head waitress [jed uéitres ] J. de salón(f).
Housekeeper [jáuskíper ] Ama de llaves
Maitre d' Hotel [méiterdoutél ] Maitre
Manager [ máneyer ] Gerente.
Office clerk [ófis klerk ] Empleado de oficina
Pastry cook [péistri kuk ] Cocinero repostero
Pasty cook [pasti kuk ] Cocinero de pastas
Personnel manager [pérsenél... ] J. de Personal.
Receptionist [risépshenist ] Carpetero.
Salesperson [séils pérsen ] Depte. de tienda.
Salesman [séilsmen [ Dependiente (m)
Saleswoman [séils umen Dependienta (f)
]
Security guard sekiúriti gard] [ Custodio.
Supervisor [súperváiser ] Supervisor/a.
Swichtboard operator [suitchbourd... ] Telefonista.
Waiter [uéiter ] Dpte. de salón (m).
Waitress [uéitres ] Dpte. de salón (f).
Warehouse-man [uérjáus man ] Almacenero

Anexo No. 5

Lugares del hotel.

Barber Shop [bárber shap ] Barberia

Beauty Parlor [biúti párler ] Salón de Belleza
 41
Book store [buk stour ] Librería
Cafeteria [cafetírie ] Cafeteria
Car-rental [kar réntel ] Renta de autos
Conference Hall [kánferens jol ] Salón de
conferencias
Dining-room [dáining rum ] Comedor
Elevators [elivéiters ] Elevadores
Game room [geim rum ] Sala de juegos
Gift shop [gift shap ] Tienda de regalos
Grill [gril ] Parrillada
Ice Cream Parlor [áiskrim párler ] Cremería
Infirmary [inférmeri ] Enfermería
Laundry [lóndri ] Lavandería
Lobby [lábi ] Vestibulo
Manager's Office [máneyers ófis ] Ofic.del gerente
Massage room [masách rum ] Sala de masajes.
Parking lot [párking lat ] Parqueo
Pharmacy [fármesi ] Farmacia
Post Office [póust ófis ] Ofic. de correos
Reception [risépshen ] Recepción
Restaurant [résterent ] Restaurante
Shop [shap ] Tienda
Snack Bar [snak bar ] Bar-cafetería
Swimming pool [suíming pul ] Piscina
Taxi Stand [táksi stand ] Piquera de taxi
Toilets [tóilits ] Baños
Tourism Bureau [túrism bíurou ] Buró de turismo

Anexo No.6

Verbos Regulares

Los verbos regulares en inglés son aquellos que forman el pasado y pasado participio
Añadiéndole la terminación ed. Esta terminación se pronuncia [t] si el verbo termina
en p, k, f, s, ch, sh. Se pronuncia [d] si termina en b, g, l, m, n, r, v, w, z. Se pronuncia
[id] si termina en t o d.

Presente Pasado y Pasado Part. Significado

[d]
Agree [egrí ] Agreed [egríd ] Estar de acuerdo
Answer [ánser ] Answered [ánserd ] Responder
Arrive [eráiv ] Arrived [eráivd ] Arribar
Believe [bilív ] Believed [bilívd ] Creer
Belong [bilóng ] Belonged [bilóngd ] Pertenecer
Burn [bern ] Burned [bernd ] Quemar
Call [kol ] Called [kold ] Llamar
Call up [kólop ] Called up [koldop ] Llamar por telf.
Carry [kári ] Carried [kárid ] LLevar
Cry [krai ] Cried [kraid ] Gritar
Dial [daiel ] Dialed [dáield ] Discar
Die [dai ] Died [daid ] Morir
Earn [ern ] Earned [ernd ] Ganar
 42
Enjoy [inyói ] Enjoyed [inyóid ] Gozar
Excuse [ikskiús ] Excused [ikskiúsd ] Excusar
Follow [fálou ] Fallowed [fáloud ] Seguir
Guess [ges ] Guessed [gest ] Creer
Happen [jápen ] Happened [jápend ] Sucede
Hurry [jéri ] Hurried [jérid ] Apurarse
Join [yoin ] Joined [yoind ] Unirse, juntarse
Kill [kil ] Killed [kild ] Matar
Listen [lísen ] Listened [lísend ] Escuchar
Live [liv ] Lived [livd ] Vivir
Love [lov ] Loved [lovd ] Amar, querer
Marry [mári ] Married [márid ] Casarse
Move [muv ] Moved [muvd ] Mover, mudarse
Open [óupen ] Opened [óupend ] Abrir
Order [órder ] Ordered [órderd ] Ordenar
Own [oun ] Owned [ound ] Poseer
Phone [foun ] Phoned [found ] Telefonea
Play [plei ] Played [pleid ] Jugar
Prefer [prifér ] Prefered [priférd ] Preferir
Rain [rein ] Rained [reind ] LLover
Remember [rimémber ] Rememberd [rimémberd ] Recordar
Reserve [risérv ] Reserved [risérvd ] Reservar
Shave [sheiv ] Shaved [sheivd ] Afeitar
Show [shou ] Showed [shoud ] Demostrar
Smile [smail ] Smiled [smaild ] Sonreir
Snow [snou ] Snowed [snoud ] Nevar
Spell [spel ] Spelled [speld ] Deletrear
Stay [stei ] Stayed [steid ] Permanecer
Study [stódi ] Studied [stódid ] Estudiar
Turn [tern ] Turned [ternd ] Doblar
Use [ius ] Used [iusd ] Usar
[t]
Ask [ask ] Asked [askt ] Preguntar
Cook [kuk ] Cooked [kukt ] Cocinar
Cross [kras ] Crossed [krast ] Cruzar
Dance [dans ] Danced [danst ] Bailar
Finish [fínish ] Finished [fínisht ] Terminar
Help [jelp ] Helped [jelpt ] Ayudar
Hope [joup ] Hoped [joupt ] Esperar
Knock [nak ] Knocked [nakt ] Tocar, llamar
Like [laik ] Liked [laikt ] Gustar
Look [luk ] Looked [lukt ] Mirar
Practice [práktis ] Practiced [práktist ] Practicar
Press [pres ] Pressed [prest ] Apretar
Smoke [smouk ] Smoked [smoukt ] Fumar
Stop [stap ] Stopped [stapt ] Parar
Talk [tok ] Talked [tokt ] Conversar
Touch [toch ] Touched [tocht ] Tocar
Walk [uok ] Walked [uokt ] Caminar
Wash [uash ] Washed [uasht ] Lavar
Watch [uach ] Watched [uacht ] Observar
Wish [uish ] Wished [uisht ] Desear
Work [uerk ] Worked [uorkt ] Trabajar
[id]
 43
Arrest [erést ] Arrested [eréstid ] Arrestar
Intend [inténd ] Intended [inténdid ] Intentar
Invite [inváit ] Invited [invitid ] Invitar
Locate [loukéit ] Located [loukitid ] Localizar
Need [nid ] Needed [nídid ] Necesitar
Record [rikórd ] Recorded [rikórdid ] Grabar
Start [start ] Started [stártid ] Comenzar
Visit [vísit ] Visited [vísitid ] Visitar
Wait [ueit ] Waited [uéitid ] Esperar
Want [uant ] Wanted [uántid ] Querer

Anexo No.7

Verbos Irregulares

Los verbos irregulares son aquellos cuyo pasado y/o pasado participio no toman la
terminación ed.

Presente Pasado P. Participio Significado

Break [breik ] Broke [brouk ] Broken [bróuken ] Romper

Speak [spik ] Spoke [spouk ] Spoken [spóuken ] Hablar
Steal [stil ] Stole [stoul ] Stolen [stóulen ] Robar
Wake [ueik ] Woke [uouk ] Waken [uéiken ] Despertar

Bring [brin ] Brought [brot ] Brought [brot ] Traer

Buy [bai ] Bought [bot ] Bought [bot ] Comprar
Catch [kach ] Caught [kot ] Caught [kot ] Coger
Teach [tich ] Taught [tot ] Taught [tot ] Enseñar
Think [zink ] Thought [zot ] Thought [zot ] Pensar
Begin [bigín ] Began [bigán ] Begun [bigón ] Comenzar
Drink [drink ] Drank [drank ] Drunk [dronk ] Beber
Ring [ring ] Rang [rang ] Rung [rong ] Sonar
Run [ron ] Ran [ran ] Run [ron ] Correr
Sing [sing ] Sang [sang ] Sung [song ] Cantar
Swim [suim ] Swam [suam ] Swum [suom ] Nadar

Drive [draiv ] Drove [drouv ] Driven [dríven ] Conducir

Eat [it ] Ate [eit ] Eaten [íten ] Comer
Give [giv ] Gave [geiv ] Given [gíven ] Dar
Ride [raid ] Rode [roud ] Ridden [ríden ] Cabalgar
Write [rait ] Wrote [rout ] Written [ríten ] Escribir

Feel [fil ] Felt [felt ] Felt [felt ] Sentir

Keep [kip ] Kept [kept ] Kept [kept ] Mantener
Leave [liv ] Left [left ] Left [left ] Marcharse
Mean [min ] Meant [ment ] Meant [ment ] Querer decir
Meet [mit ] Met [met ] Met [met ] Conocer
Sleep [slip ] Slept [slept ] Slept [slept ] Dormir
Spell [spel ] Spelt [spelt ] Spelt [spelt ] Deletrear
Spend [spend ] Spent [spent ] Spent [spent ] Gastar
Sweep [suip ] Swept [suept ] Swept [suept ] Barrer
Hear [jir ] Heard [jerd ] Heard [jerd ] Oir
 44
Read [rid ] Read [red ] Read [red ] Leer
Say [sei ] Said [sed ] Said [sed ] Decir

Find [faind ] Found [faund ] Found [faund ] Encontrar

Fly [flai ] Flew [flu ] Flown [floun ] Volar
Grind [graind ] Ground [graun ] Ground [graund ] Moler
d
Know [nou ] Knew [niu ] Known [noun ] Saber,
Wind [uaind ] Wound [uond ] Wound [uound ] Dar cuerda (reloj).

Have [hav ] Had [jad ] Had [jad ] Haber, tener

Has [jas ] Had [jad ] Had [jad ] Haber, tener
Hang [jang ] Hung [jong ] Hung [jong ] Colgar
Lend [lend ] Lent [lent ] Lent [lent ] Prestar
Make [meik ] Made [meid ] Made [meid ] Hacer
Pay [pei ] Paid [peid ] Paid [peid ] Pagar
Try [trai ] Tried [traid ] Tried [traid ] Probar, tratar

Shine [shain ] Shone [shoun ] Shone [shoun ] Brillar

Cost [kost ] Cost [kost ] Cost [kost ] Costar

Get [get ] Got [gat ] Got [gat ] Conseguir
Let [let ] Let [let ] Let [let ] Prmitir
Put [put ] Put [put ] Put [put ] Poner
Shut [Shot ] Shut [shot ] Shut [shot ] Cerrar
Sit [sit ] Sat [sat ] Sat [sat ] Sentarse
Split [split ] Split [split ] Split [split ] Separar
Stand [stand ] Stood [stud ] Stood [stud ] Pararse

Tell [tel ] Told [tould ] Told [tould ] Decir

Bear [ber ] Bore [bour ] Born [born ] Parir
Wear [uer ] Wore [uour ] Worn [uourn ] Usar

Take [teik ] Took [tuk ] Taken [teiken ] Coger

Am [am ] Was [uas ] Been [bin ] Ser o Estar

Are [ar ] Were [uer ] Been [bin ] Ser o Estar
Is [is ] Was [us ] Been [bin ] Ser o Estar
Come [kom ] Came [keim ] Come [kom ] Venir
Do [du ] Did [did ] Done [don ] Hacer
Does [dos ] Did [did ] Done [don ] Hacer
Go [gou ] Went [uent ] Gone [gon ] Ir
Goes [gous ] Went [uent ] Gone [gon [ Ir
See [si ] Saw [so ] Seen [sin ]Ver

Anexo No.8

Menu: [ méniu ] Menú

Appetizers: [apetáisers ] Aperitivos:

Cocktails: [kaktéils ] Cocteles:
Lobster cocktail [lábster ... ] Coctel de langosta
Seafood cocktail [sífud káktéil ] Coctel de mariscos
 45
Shrimp cocktail [shrimp káktéil ] Coctel de camarones
Fruit juices: [frut yúsis ] Jugos de frutas
Mango juice [mángou yus ] Jugo de mango
Orange juice [órinch yus ] Jugo de naranja
Papaya juice [pepáia yus ] Jugo de fruta bomba
Pineapple juice [páinánpel yus ] Jugo de piña
Tomato juice [teméitou yus ] Jugo de tomate
Fruit slices: [frut sláises ] Tajadas de frutas
Guava slices [guava sláises ] Tajadas de guayaba
Watermelon slices [uátermélon... ] Tajades de melón
Main dishes: [méin díshis ] Platos principales:
Beef steak [bif stéik ] Bisté de res
Breaded beef steak [bredid.. ] Bisté de res empanado
Blue crab [blu krab. ] Jaiba
Fillet of fish [filéi ev fish ] Filete de pescado
Fried chicken [fráid chíken ] Pollo frito
Grilled lobster [grild lábster ] Langosta grillé
Lobster in sauce [lábster in sos ] Langosta en salsa
Lamb fricassee [lam fríkesí ] Fricasé de cordero
Rice with seasfood [ráis uiz sifud ] Arroz con mariscos
Roast pork [roust pork ] Cerdo azado
Shreded jerked beef [shrédid yerkt bif ] Aporreado de tasajo
Shrimp creole [shrimp krioul ] Camarones a la criolla
Shrimp enchilado [... enchilado ] Enchilado de camarones
Veal stew [vil stiu ] Ternera guisada

Side dishes: [said díshis ] Platos secundarios:

Chicken giblets suop [..yíblits sup ] Sopa de menudo de pollo
Chíken sup [chíken sup ] Sopa de pollo
Garlic soup [gárlik sup ] Sopa de ajo
Mashed potatoes [masht potéitos ] Puré de papas
Onion soup [ónien sup ] Sopa de cebolla
Rice and beans [rais end bins ] Arroz con frijoles
White rice [juait rais ] Arroz blanco
Salads: [sálads Ensaladas:
Cabbage salad [kábich sálad ] Ensalada de col
Carrot salad [káret sálad ] Ensalada de zanahoria
Coleslaw [kóuslo ] Ensalada de col cruda
Cucumber salad [kiúkomber ] Ensalada de pepino
Lettuce salad [létis sálad ] Ensalada de lechuga
Mixed salad [mikst sálad ] Ensalada mixta
Tomato salad [toméito sálad ] Ensalada de tomate
Deserts: [disérts ] Postres:
Bread pudding [ bred púding ] Pudín de pan
Caramel custard [káremel kóstard ] Flan de caramelo
Chocolate pie [chóklit pai ] Pastel de chocolate
French pastry [french péistri ] Pastelería francesa
Guava shells [guáva shels ] Cascos de guayaba
Rice pudding [rais púding ] Arroz con leche
Vanilla ice-cream [veníle áiskrim ] Helado de vainilla

Anexo No 9

Colors: [kálors ] Colores

 46

black [blak ] negro

blue [blu ] azul
brown [braun ] pardo, castaño
chestnut [chéstnot ] castaño
chocolate [chóklit ] chocolate
cream [krim ] crema
dark blue [dark blu ] azul oscuro
gold [gould ] dorado
green [grin ] verde
grey [grei ] gris
light blue [lait blu ] azul claro
mustard [mósterd ] mostaza
olive [áliv ] verde olivo
orange [órinch ] anaranjado
pink [pink ] rosado
red [red ] rojo
silver [sílver ] plateado
violet [váielit ] violeta
white [juait ] blanco
yellow [iélou ] amarillo

Anexo No.10

The body [de bádi ] El cuerpo

head [jed ] cabeza

face [feis ] rostro, cara
eyes [ais ] ojos
eyeball [áibol ] globo del ojo
eyebrow [áibráu ] ceja
eyelid [áilid ] párpado
nose [nous ] nariz
mouth [mauz ] boca
tongue [tong ] lengua
lips [lips ] labios
tooth [tuz ] diente
teeth [tiz ] dientes
jaw [yo ] mandíbula
ear [ir ] oreja
forehead [fárid ] frente
chin [chin ] mentón
hair [jer ] cabello
cheek [chik ] mejilla
neck [nek ] cuello
shoulder [shóulder ] hombro
chest [chest ] pecho,tórax
breast [brest ] pecho,seno
arm [arm ] brazo
armpit [ármpit ] sobaco
elbow [élbou ] codo
 47
wrist [rist ] muñeca
hand [jand ] mano
finger [fínger ] dedo (de la mano)
nail [neil ] uña (de la mano)
belly [béli ] vientre
genitals [yénitels ] genitales
buttocks [bóteks ] nalgas
hip [jip ] cadera
back [bak ] espalda
leg [leg ] pierna
knee [ni ] rodilla
thigh [zai ] muslo
calf [kaf ] pantorrilla
ankle [ánkel ] tobillo
heel [jil ] talón, calcañar
foot [fut ] pie
feet [fit ] pies
toe [tou ] dedo (del pie)
toenail [tou neil ] uña (del pie)
skin [skin ] piel

Internal organs [intérnal órgans ] Organos internos

artery [árteri ] arteria

bladder [bláder ] vejiga
blood blod ] sangre
bones [bouns ] huesos
brain [brein ] cerebro
heart [jart ] corazón
intestins [intéstins ] intestinos
kidney [kídni ] riñón
liver [líver ] hígado
lung [long ] pulmón
muscle [mósel ] músculo
pancreas [pánkris ] páncreas
stomach [stómek ] estómago
throat [zrout ] garganta
veins [veins ] venas

Anexo No.11

Family Members [fámili mémbers ] Miembros de la familia

parents [párents ] padres

-father [fáder ] padre
-mother [móder ] madre
grandparents: [gránd párents ] abuelos
-grandfather [gránd fáder ] abuelo
-grandmother [gránd móder ] abuela
children: [chíldren ] hijos
-son [son ] hijo
 48
-daughter [dóter ] hija
grandchildren [gránd chíldren ] nietos
-grandson [gránd son ] nieto
-granddaughter [gránd dóter ] nieta
brother [bróder ] hermano
sister [síster ] hermana
uncle [ónkel ] tío
aunt [ant ] tía
nephew [néfiu ] sobrino
niece [nis ] sobrina
cousins [kósins ] primos
spouse [spaus ] cónyuges
-husband [jósbend ] esposo
-wife [uaif ] esposa

Other Members [óder mémbers ] Otros Miembros

father-in-law [fáder in lo ] suegro

mother-in-law [móder in lo ] suegra
brother-in-law [bróder in lo ] cuñado
sister-in-law [síster in lo ] cuñada
stepfather [stépfáder ] padrastro
stepmother [stépmóder ] madrastra
stepson [stépsón ] hijastro
stepdaughter [stépdóter ] hijastra

Anexo No. 12

Parts of the house [parts ev de jáus ] Partes de la casa

porch [pourch ] portal

living room [líving rum ] sala
dining room [dáining rum ] comedor
bedroom [béd rum ] dormitorio
kitchen [kítchen ] cocina
bathroom [bázrum ] baño
hall [jol ] pasillo
utility room [iutíleti rum ] cuarto de desahogo
balcony [bálkeni ] balcón
garage [garách ] garaje
garden [gárden ] jardín
yard [iard ] patio
attic [átik ] desván, ático

Other parts [oder parts ] Otras partes:

ceiling [síling ] cielo raso

door [dor ] puerta
floor [flor ] piso
roof [ruf ] techo
staircase [stérkéis ] escalera
walls [uols ] paredes
window [uíndou ] ventana
 49

Furniture: [férnicher ] Muebles

Of the living room [líving rum ] De la sala

armchair [ármcher ] butaca

bookcase [buk keis ] librero
lamp [lamp ] lámpara
lamptable [lamp téibel ] mesa para lámpara
pictures [píkchers ] cuadros
radio [réidio ] radio
rocking-chair [ráking cher ] balance
sofa [sóufa ] sofá
TV set [tivi set ] televisor
vase [veis ] florero,jarrón
carpet [kárpet ] alfombra

Of the dining room. [dáining rum ] Del comedor

chair [cher ] silla

cupboard [kóberd ] aparador
dinner set [díner set ] vajilla
shelf [shelf ] estante
table [téibel ] mesa
cabinet [kábinet ] gabinete, estante

Of the kitchen. [kítchen ] De la cocina

coffee maker [kófi méiker ] cafetera

cooker [kúker ] cocina,fogón
counter [káunter ] meseta, mostrador
mixer [míkser ] batidora
pan [pan ] cacerola
refrigerator [rifríyeréiter ] refrigerador
sink [sink ] fregadero
oven [óven ] horno

Of the bedroom. [bédrum ] Del cuarto.

bed [bed ] cama

chest of drawers [chest ov dror ] cómoda
closet [klóset ] close
cradle [kréidel ] cuna mecedora
dressing-table [drésing téibel ] tocador, cómoda
mirror [mírer ] espejo
night table [náit téibel ] mesa de noche
wardrobe [wórdróub ] armario

Of the bathroom [báz rum ] Del Baño

bath mat [baz mat ] alfombra de baño

bathtub [báztob ] bañadera
hamper [jámper ] cesto para ropas
medicine chest [médisin chest ] botiquín
 50
shower [shauer ] ducha
shower curtain [shauer kórten ] cortina de baño
soap dish [soup dish ] jabonera
toilet [toilet ] taza sanitaria
toilet paper [tóilet péiper ] papel sanitario
towel rack [tauel rak ] toallero
washbasin [uash béisin ] lavamanos

Of the utility room. [iutíliti rum ] Cuarto de desahogo.

broom [brum ] escoba

bucket [bókit ] cubo
iron [áiron ] plancha
ironing board [áironing bord ] tabla de planchar
mop [map ] trapeador
washing machine [uáshing machín ] lavadora

Anexo No.13

Places in a city [pléisis in e síti ] Lugares en una ciudad.

Art Gallery [art gáleri ] Galería de Arte

avenue [áveniu ] avenida
bakery [béikeri ] panadería
bank [bank ] banco
barber shop [bárber shap ] barbería
beauty parlor [biúti párler ] salón de belleza
book store [buk stour ] librería
bus station [bos stéishen ] terminal de ómnibus
butcher shop [búcher shap ] carnicería
church [cherch ] iglesia
cigar factory [sigár fákteri ] fábrica de tabacos
coffee shop [kófi shap ] cafetería
Community Center [kamiúniti sénter ] Casa de la Cultura
dairy [déiri ] lechería
day nursery [dei nérseri ] círculo infantil
district [dístrikt ] distrito, barrio
drugstore [drog stour ] farmacia
firehouse [fáirjaus ] estación de bomberos
gas station [gas stéishen ] servicentro
greengrocery [gríngróuseri ] placita,verdulería
grocery store [gróuseri stour ] tienda de víveres
hotel [joutél ] hotel
jewelry [yúelri ] joyería
library [láibreri ] biblioteca
movie [múvi ] cine
museum [miusíem ] museo
night club [nait klob ] cabaret
paper stand [péiper stand ] estanquillo
park [park ] parque
 51
parking lot [párking lat ] parqueo
police station [polís stéishen ] estación de policía
post office [poust ófis ] oficina de correos
railroad station [reil roud ... ] terminal de trenes
repair shop [ripér shap ] taller de reparaciones
restaurant [résterant ] restaurante
schools: [skuls ] escuelas
-primary [práimari ] primaria
-Junior High School [júnier jai ] secundaria
-Senior High School [sénier jai ] pre universitario
-polytechnic [palitéknik ] politécnico
shoe store [shu stour ] peletería
square [skuer ] plaza
stationary store [stéishenéri ] papelería
supermarket [súpermárket ] supermercado
tailor's [téilers ] sastrería
taxi stand [táxi stand ] piquera de taxis
theater [zíater ] teatro
University [iunivérsiti ] universidad

Anexo No.14

Clothes [klouds ] Ropas

bathrobe [báz roub ] bata de baño

belt [belt ] cinto
blouse [blaus ] blusa
boots [buts ] botas
coat [kout ] abrigo,sobretodo
dress [dres ] vestido
jeans [yins ] pitusa
nightgown [naitgáun ] bata de casa
pants [pants ] pantalones
pullover [pulóver ] pulover
purse [pors ] cartera
shirt [shert ] camisa
shoes [shus ] zapato
short [short ] pantalones cortos
skirt [skert ] falda
slasks [slaks ] pantalones flojos
slippers [slípers ] zapatillas
suit [sut ] traje
sweater [suéter ] sueter, abrigo
trousers [tráusers ] pantalones
underwears: [ónder-uers ] ropa interior:
. brassiere [brasíer ] . ajustadores
. panties [pántis ] . pantis
. socks [saks ] . calcetines
. underpants [ónderpants ] . calzoncillos
. undershirt [ónder shert ] . camiseta
. underskirt [ónder skert ] . refajo
bed clothes: [bed klóuds ] ropa de cama:
.bedspread [bédspred ] sobrecama, cobertor
.blanket [blánkit ] frazada, manta
 52
.pillow [pílou ] almohada
.pillowcase [píloukéis ] funda de almohada
.sheet [shit ] sábana
wallet [uálit ] billetera

Others. [oders ] Otros

comforter [kómferter ] colcha

hat [jat ] sombrero
mattress [mátris ] colchón
rain coat [réinkóut ] capa de agua
towel [táuel ] toalla
umbrella [ombréla ] paraguas, sombrilla

Anexo No.15

Phrases [ fréisis ] Frases

All right. [ol rait ] Está bien.
An endless summer. [endles sómer ] Un eterno verano.
Anything else? [énizing els ] ¿Algo más?
As far as [as far as ] Hasta (distancia).
As soon as [as sun as ] Tan pronto como.
At all. [atól ] En absoluto.
At the same time [at de seim taim ] Al mismo tiempo.
By the way [bai de uei ] A propósito.
Care for [ker for ] Querer.
Come in [kom in ] Entre, entrar.
Come on [kom on ] Vamos, siga.
Do the laundry [du de lóndri ] Lavar la ropa.
Do you happen to know? [jápen tu nou ] ¿Por casualidad Ud sabe..?
Do you mind...? [du iu maind ] ¿Le molesta...?
Don't mention it [dont ménshen it ] Por nada.
Enjoy your meal. [...iur mil ] Disfrute su comida.
Enjoy yourself [enyói iursélf ] Que se divierta.
Fill out this form [fil aut dis form ] Llene esta planilla.
Foreign currency [fáring kérensi ] Divisa.
Four-story building [four stóri bilding ] Edificio de 4 plantas.
Get angry [get ángri ] Enfadarse.
Get in [get in ] Entrar.
Get married [get márid ] Casarse.
Go on [gou on ] Adelante.
Go straight ahead. [gou stréit ejéd ] Siga recto.
Go to bed [gou tu bed ] Ir a dormir.
Good luck [gud lok ] Buena suerte.
Have a good time [jav e gud taim ] Que la pase bién.
Have a seat. [jav e sit ] Siéntese.
Have you got...? [jav iu gat ] ¿Tiene...?
Here you are. [jir iu ar ] Aquí lo tiene.
How can I get to [jau kan ai get ] ¿Cómo puedo llegar a...?
 53
How do you do. [jau do iu du ] Mucho gusto.
How do you like...? [jau du iu laik ] ¿Cómo te gusta...?
How long are you staying? [jau long ar iu stéing ] Qué tiempo estará?
How much? [jau moch ] Cuánto vale?
How often? [jau ófen ] Con qué frecuencia?
How old are you? [jau ould ar iu ] Qué edad Ud. tiene?
I am sorry [ai am sóri ] Lo siento.
I can't stand [ai kant stand ] No soporto.
In fact. [in fakt ] En efecto.
It doesn't matter. [ dosent matter ] No importa.
It's up to you. [its op tu iu ] Depende de Ud.
Let's go. [lets gou ] Vamos.
May I help you? [me ai jelp iu ] ¿En qué puedo servirle?
Most of the time. [moust av de taim ] La mayor parte del tiempo.
Neither do I. [níder du ai ] Ni yo tampoco.
Neither... nor... [níder...nor ] Ni...ni...
Nice to meet you [nais to mit iu ] Mucho gusto.
Not at all [nat at ol ] No hay de qué.
Of course. [av kours ] Por supuesto.
Out of work. [aut av uork ] Sin trabajo.
Over there. [ouver der ] Por allá.
Pick me up. [pik mi op ] Recógeme.
Right away [rait euei ] Enseguida.
Right now [rait nau ] En seguida.
Run into [ron intu ] Toparse con, encontrarse con
So long [sou long ] Hasta luego.
Split away. [split euei ] Separado.
Take care. [teik ker ] Cuídate.
Take it easy. [teik it ísi ] Tómelo con calma.
That sounds great. [ dats saunds greit ] Magnífico.
That's very kind of you [dats véri kaind av iu ] Es Ud muy amable.
There isn't any left. [ der isnt eni left ] No queda ninguno.
To be fond of. [tu bi faund ev ] Ser aficionado a.
To feel like going. [to fil laik going ] Tener ganas.
To make up my mind [meikop mai maind ] Decidirme.
To pay in advance. [pei in adváns ] Pagar por adelantado.
To stay or to go? [tu stei or tu gou ] Para aquí o para llevar?
Take care of. [teiker av ] Cuidar de.
Till we meet again [til ui mit egen ] Hasta la vista.
Try it on [trai it on ] Pruébeselo
Turn on/off [tern on/of ] Encender/apagar
What about...? [juat abaut ] ¿Y...?
What are the hours of? [..de ours av ] ¿Cuál es el horario de?
What can I do for you? [ juat kan ai du for iu ] ¿En qué puedo servirle?
What goes with the...? [juat gos uiz de... ] ¿Con qué viene la...?
What kind of...? [juat kaind ov ] ¿Qué tipo de...?
What's the matter? [juats de máter ] ¿Qué pasa?
What's wrong? [juats rong ] ¿Qué te pasa?
Which way? [juich uei ] ¿Por dónde?
Would you care for...? [uld iu ker for ] ¿Quisieras....?
You are kiding [iu ar kíding ] No juegues
You are right [iu ar rait ] Tienes razón
You are welcome [iu ar uélkem ] Por nada
You are wrong [iu ar rong ] Estás equivocado
 54

Anexo No.l6

Países y Nacionalidades:

Argentina [aryentína ] Argentina Argentinean [aryentínie ] Argentino

Australia [ostréilia ] Autralia Austrealian [ostréilien ] Autraliano
Austria [óstrie ] Austria Austrian [óstrien ] Austriaco
Belgium [bélyen ] Bélgica Belgian [bélyen ] Belga
Brazil [brasíl ] Brasil Brazilian [bresílien ] Brasileño
Canada [kánede ] Canada Canadian [kanéidien ] Canadiense
Chile [chíli ] Chile Chilian [chílien ] Chileno
China [cháine ] China Chinese [chainís ] Chino
Cuba [kiube ] Cuba Cuban [kiuben ] Cubano
England [ínglend ] Inglaterra English [Inglish ] Inglés
France [frans ] Francia French [french ] Francés
Germany [yérmeni ] Alemania German [yérmen ] Alemán
Greece [gris ] Grecia Greek [grik ] Griego
Holland [jálend ] Holanda Dutch [dotch ] Holandés
India [índie ] India Indian [índien ] Indú
Ireland [áirlend ] Irlanda Irish [áirish ] Irlandés
Italy [íteli ] Italia Italian [itálien ] Italiano
Jamaica [yeméike ] Jamaica Jamaican [yeméiken ] Jamaicano
Japan [yepán ] Japón Japanese [yapenís ] Japonés
Mexico [méksikou ] Mexico Mexican [méksiken ] Mejicano
Norway [nor-uei ] Noruega Norwegian [noruéyen ] Noruego
Portugal [póurchegel ] Portugal Portuguese [póurchegis ] Portugués
Russia [rósha ] Rusia Russian [róshen ] Ruso
Spain [spein ] España Spanish [spánish ] Español
Sweden [suíden ] Suecia Swidish [suidísh ] Sueco
Switzerland [suítserland ] Suiza Swiss [suis ] Suiso
U.S.A [iu es ei ] EE.UU American [amérikan ] Americano

Anexo No.l7

Algunas enfermedades y malestares comunes.

Abdominal pain [abdóminal pein ] Dolor abdominal

Allergy [áleryi ] Alergia
Angina [anyina ] Angina
Appendicitis [apendisáitis ] Apendicitis
Asthma [ásma ] Asma
Backache [bákéik ] Dolor de espalda
Bronchitis [bronkáitis ] Bronquitis
Chest pain [chéstpein ] Dolor en el pecho
Chicken pox [chíkenpaks ] Varicela
Chills [chils ] Escalofríos
Cold [kould ] Catarro
Constipation [konstipashen ] Estreñimiento
Coughing [koufin ] Tos
Diabetes [daiebétis ] Diabetes
Diarrhea [dáieríe ] Diarrea
Dizziness [dísines ] Vértigos
 55
Dizziness [dísines ] Vértigos
Earache [íréik ] Dolor de oídos
Fever [fíver ] Fiebre
Flu [flu ] Influenza, gripe
Gall stones [gol stouns ] Cálculos en la vesícula
Headache [jédéik ] Dolor de cabeza
Heart attack [jart aták ] Ataque cardiaco
Hepatitis [jepatáitis ] Hepatitis
High blood pressure [jai blod preshur ] Presión arterial alta
Hypertension [jaiperténshen ] Hipertensión
Itch [ich ] Picazón
Jaundice [yándis ] Ictericia
Kidney stones [kidni stouns ] Cálculos en los riñones
Loss of appetite [los ov appetáit ] Perdida de apetito
Measles [mísles ] Sarampión
Mumps [momps ] Paperas, bocio
Nausea [nóshie ] Náusea
Pneumania [niumounie ] Neumonía, piulmonía
Rash [rash ] Erupción, roncha
Rheumatic fever [reumátik fíver ] Fiebre reumática
Sore throat [sor zrot ] Dolor de garganta
Stomachache [stómekéik ] Dolor de estómago
Tonsillitis [tonsilitis ] Amigdalitis
Toothache [túzéik ] Dolor de muelas
Tuberculosis [tiuberkiulóusis ] Tuberculosis
Upset stomach [ópset stámak ] Malestar estomacal
Vomits [vámits ] Vómitos

Anexo No.18

Vegetales y hortalizas.

Banana [benáne ] Plátano

Avocado [avekádou ] Aguacate
Bean [bin ] Habichuela
Beet [bit ] Remolacha
Cabbage [kábich ] Col
Carrot [káret ] Zanahoria
Celery [séleri ] Apio
Corn [korn ] Maiz
Cucumber [kiúkember ] Pepino
Chard [chard ] Acelga
Chayote [chayoute ] Chayote
Egg-plant [egplant ] Verengena
Garlic [gárlik ] Ajo
Green pepper [grinpéper ] Pimiento
Lettuce [létis ] Lechuga
Malanga [Malánge ] Malanga
Onion [ónien ] Cebolla
Potato [petéitou ] Papa
Pumpkin [pómpkin ] Calabaza
Radish [rádish ] Rábano
Spinach [spínich ] Espinaca
Sweet potato [suit petéitou ] Boniato
 56
Tomato [toméitou ] Tomate
Turnip [térnip ] Nabo
Watercress [uóterkrés ] Berro
Yam [iam ] Ñame
Yucca [ioke ] Yuca

Anexo No.19

Vocabulario.

El presente vocabulario contiene un listado de palabras en orden alfabético el cual

comprende vocablos que aparecen en los diálogos de las diferentes unidades. En el
mismo se han omitido los verbos y otras palabras que se encuentran dentro de los
Anexos y en Otras Formas a fin de evitar dualidades o repeticiones innecesarias.
El significado de las palabras es el que tiene en las situaciones en que se encuentran
dentro de los diálogos.
Queremos aclarar que la pronunciación figurada no es una transcripción fonética,
sino un aproximado, lo más fiel posible, de su pronunciación.

A
a [e ] un, uno, una beside [bisáid ] al lado
about [ebáut ] cerca de besides [bisáids ] además
absolutely [abselútli ] bsolutamente better [béter ] mejor
action [ákshen ] acción between [bituín ] entre
actually [ákchuali ] en realidad boring [bóuring ] aburrido
address [adrés ] dirección boy [boi ] muchacho
advance [adváns ] adelantado boyfriend [bóifrend ] novio
afraid [efréid ] asustado bread [bred ] pan
after [áfter ] después breakfast [brékfast ] desayuno
afternoon [áfternún ] tarde brochure [brouchúr ] folleto
afterward [áfteruerd ] después building [bílding ] edificio
again [egén ] de nuevo burglar [bórgler ] escalador
age [eich ] edad bus [bos ] ómnibus
ahead [ejéd ] delante but [bot ] pero
air [er ] aire button [bóton ] botón
all [ol ] todo by [bai ] por
also [ólsou ] también bye [bai ] adiosito
any [eni ] algún campfire [kámpfáir ] fogata
and [end ] y C-
anybody [énibadi ] alguien camping [kámping ] campismo
anything [énizing ] alguna cosa card [kard ] tarjeta
anywhere [énijuer ] dondequiera careful [kérful ] cuidadoso
apartment [apártment ] apartamento cash [kash ] efectivo
around [eráund ] alrededor cassette [kasét ] casete
as [as ] tan, como cent [sent ] centavo
aspirin [áspirin ] aspirina change [chéinch ] vuelto
at [at ] en check [chek ] cheque
available [evéilebel ] disponible cheese [chis ] queso
away [euei ] lejos chemistry [kémistri ] Química
B- chicken [chíken ] pollo
bad [bad ] mal children [chíldren ] niños
baggage [bágich ] equipaje chocolate [chóklit ] chocolate
 57
beach [bich ] playa chowder [cháuder ] estofado
beautiful [biútiful ] bonito cigarette [sígerét ] cigarro
because [bikós ] porque class [klas ] clase
before [bifóur ] antes club [klob ] casino
beef [bif ] carne de res cocktail [káktéil ] coctel
beer [bir ] cerveza coffee [kófi ] café
fin de de la página 56
cold [kould ] frío free [fri ] libre
concert [kánsert ] concierto friend [frend ] amigo
corner [kórner ] esquina friendly [fréndli ] amistoso
correct [kerékt ] correcto from [from ] de, desde
country [kóntri ] campo, país front [front ] frente
coworker [kouérker ] comp. trabajo funny [fóni ] raro, cómico
currency [kérensi ] moneda corr. future [fiúcher ] futuro
cute [kiut ] bonito, mono G-
D- game [geim ] juego
dark [dark ] obscuro/a girl [gerl ] muchacha
darling [dárling ] querido/a good [gud ] bueno/a
daugther [dóter ] hija great [greit ] magnífico
day [dei ] dia guess [ges ] suposición
dialogue [dáielog ] diálogo guest [gest ] huesped
dirty [dérti ] sucio guest card [...kard ] tarjeta de huesped
dish [dish ] plato H-
divorced [divórst ] divorciado hall [jol ] pasillo
doctor [dákter ] doctor handbag [jándbag ] bolso
dog [dog ] perro happy [jápi ] feliz
dollar [dáler ] dólar hard [jard ] dificil, duro
domino [dámenou ] dominó her [jer ] su (de ella
double [dóbel ] doble here [jir ] aquí
doubt [daut ] duda his [jis ] su (de él)
down [daun ] abajo home [joum ] hogar
E- honey [jóni ] (coll)querido
each [ich ] cada hospital [jáspital ] hospital
early [érli ] temprano hot [jat ] caluroso
easy [ísi ] fácil hotel [joutél ] hotel
either [íder ] tampoco hour [aur ] hora
elevator [élevéiter ] elevador house [jáus ] casa
end [end ] fin how [jau ] cómo
engineer [enyenír ] ingeniero husband [jósbend ] esposo
eve [iv ] víspera I-
evening] [ívning ] noche ice [ais ] hielo
ever [éver ]alguna vez idea [aidía ] idea
everybody [évribádi ] ]todo el mundo in [in ] en
everyday [évridéi ]diario if [if ] (conj.) si
everythin [évrizing ]todo information [informéishen ] información
exactly [eksáktli ]exactamente is [is ] es
excellent [ékselent ] excelente it [it ] Pron. neutro
excuse [ekskíus ]excusa/r J-
F- job [yab ] trabajo
factory [fákteri ] fábrica just [yost ] justamente
family [fámili ] familia K-
far [far ] lejano key [ki ] llave
fast [fast ] rápido kilometer [kilómiter ] kilómetro
favorite [féiverit ] favorito kind [kaind ] clase, tipo
 58
film [film ] película L-
fine [fáin ] muy bien language [lánguich ] idioma
floor [flour ] piso last [last ] último
food [fud ] comida late [léit ] atrasado
for [for ] por, para later [léiter ] más tarde
foreign [fárin ] extranjero left [left ] izquierdo
light [lait ] luz ; clara occupation [ákiupéishen ] ocupación
little [lítel ] poco of [av ] de
lot [lat ] mucho ofer [ófer ] oferta
luggage [lógich ] equipaje office [ófis ] oficina
lunch [lonch ] almuerzo oh [ou ] (interj.)ah
luck [lok ] suerte old [ould ] viejo, antiguo
M- old Havana [..javána ] Habana Vieja
main [mein ] principal on [on ] en, sobre
man [man ] hombre only [óunli ] solo, único
many [méni ] muchos or [er ] o, u
map [map ] mapa out [aut ] afuera
married [márid ] casado/a opinion [epínien ] opinión
match [mach ] fósforo our [aur ] nuestro
matter [máter ] asunto over [ouver ] encima de
maybe [méibi ] tal vez order [órder ]orden
me [mi ] pron.me other [óder ] otro
meal [mil ] comida P-
mechanic [mekánik ] mecánico pack [pak ] cajetilla
medicine [médisin ] medicina paper [péiper ] papel
medium [mídiem ] medio parcel [pársel ] paquete
meeting [míting ] reunión pardon [párdon ] perdón
mention [ménshen ] mencionar park [park ] parque
milk [milk ] leche party [párti ] fiesta
million [mílien ] millón passport [páspert ] pasaporte
mine [main ] mio/a perhaps [perjáps ] quizás
mixed [mikst ] mixta person [pérsen ] persona
money [móni ] dinero piano [piánou ] piano
month [monz ] mes plaid [plad ] a cuadros
morning [mórning ] mañana plan [plan ] plan
most [moust ] la mayoría plane [pléin ] avión
movie [múvi ] cine pleasant [plésent ] agradable
much [moch ] mucho possible [pásibel ] posible
my [mai ] adj.pos.mi possibly [pásibli ] posiblemente
myself [maisélf ] yo mismo postcard [póustkard ] tarjeta postal
N- pound [paund ] libra
name [neim ] nombre precisely [prisáisli ] precisamente
napkin [nápkin ] servilleta pretty [príti ] bonito,lindo
nationality [náshenáliti ] nacionalidad price [prais ] precio
near [nir ] cerca de probably [prábebli ] probablemente
necessary [nésesári ] necesario problem [práblem ] problema
neither [níder ] ninguno, ni product [prádekt ] producto
neon sign [nían sain ] anuncio neón profession [prouféshen ] profesión
nervous [nérves ] nervioso province [právins ] provincia
new [niu ] nuevo/a please [plis ] por favor
newspaper [niúspéiper ] periódico pleasure [plésher ] placer
next [nekst ] próximo Q-
nice [nais ] agradable quarter [kuórter ] cuarto
night [nait ] noche question [kuéschen ] pregunta
 59
no [nou ] no R-
nobody [noubádi ] nadie rather [ráder ] más bién
not [nat ] no ready [rédi ] listo
nothing [názing ] nada really [ríli ] de veras
now [nau ] ahora reason [rísen ] razón
rent [rent ] alquiler recorder [rikórder ] grabadora
restaurant [résterant ] restaurante relative [réletiv ] pariente
retired [ritáierd ] jubilado then [den ] entonces
rice [ráis ] arroz there [der ] allá,allí
right [ráit ] derecha thing [zing ] cosa
road [róud ] camino ticket [tíket ] boleto
room [rum ] habitacióin tie [tai ] corbata
rough [rof ] áspero till [til ] hasta
S- time [taim ] hora
salt [solt ] sal time [táim ] tiempo, hor
sandwich [sánduich ] emparedado tip [tip ] propina
scale [skéil ] pesa tired [taird ] cansado
secretary [sékritéri ] secretaria tired [táird ] cansado/a
service [sérvis ] servicio today [tudéi ] hoy
she [shi ] ella together [tugéder ] junto/s
shirt [shert ] camisa tomorrow [tumárou ] mañana
shoe [shu ] zapato tonight [tunáit ] esta noche
shop [shap ] tienda too [tu ] también
sick [sik ] enfermo/a tough [tof ] correoso
single [singel ] soltero,simple trip [trip ] viaje
sir [ser ] señor trunk [tronk ] maletero
size [sais ] talla truth [truz ] verdad
slow [slou ] despacio twin [tuin ] gemelo
small [smol ] pequeño U-
snow [snóu ] nieve up [op ] hacia arriba
so [sou ] así que upstairs [ópsters ] arriba
some [som ] un poco de V-
something [sómzing ] algo vacancy [véikensi ] vacante
song [song ] canción vacation [véikéishen ] vacaciones
soon [sun ] pronto vegetable [véyitebel ] vegetales
sorry [sári ] apenado very [véri ] mucho
soup [sup ] sopa W-
special [spéshel ] especial warm [uorm ] tibio
spelling [spéling ] deletreo watch [uach ] reloj
sport [sport ] deporte water [uóter ] agua
stamp [stamp ] sello way [uei ] vía, camino
staying [stéing ] estancia we [ui ] nosotros
still [stil ] aún weather [uéder ] clima
store [stóur ] tienda week [uik ] semana
straight [stréit ] derecho,recto weekend [uíkend ] fin de semana
street [strit ] calle welcome [úélkem ] bienvenido
student [stdents ] estudiantes well [uel ] bién
sugar [shúger ] azúcar which [juich ] cuál, qué
suitcase [sútkéis ] maleta whose [jus ] de quien
sun [son ] sol wife [uaif ] esposa
sure [shur ] seguro wine [uain ] vino (bebida)
T- with [uiz ] con
table [téibel ] mesa word [uerd ] palabra
taxi [táksi ] taxi Y-
 60
teaspoonful [tíspunful ] cucharadita yes [ies ] sí
telephone [télefoun ] teléfono yesterday [iésterdi ] ayer
test [test ] examen young [iong ] joven
the [de ] el,lo/s,la/s your [iur ] su (de Ud.)