Physic 231 Lecture 6

• Main points of last lecture: • Main points of today’s lecture:

• Two dimension coordinate • Trajectories of objects in 2
systems dimensions:
• Vectors and components vy = vy0 − gt
• Trajectories of objects in 2
dimensions: ∆y ≡ y − y0 =
1
(vy + vyo )t
2
vy = vy0 − gt 1
∆y = vy 0t − gt2
2
∆y ≡ y − y0 =
1
(vy + vyo )t v2y − v2y 0 = −2g∆y
2
1 vx = vx0
∆y = vy 0t − gt2
2 ∆x = vx0t
v2y − v2y 0 = −2g∆y
vx = vx0 • Relative Velocity
v v v
∆x = vx0t v = v ′ + vt
v
v is the velocity in the " stationary" frame
v
v ′ is the velocity in the " moving" frame
v
vt is the velocity of the " moving" frame
 example
• A motorcycle daredevil is attempting to jump across as many buses as
possible (see the drawing). The takeoff ramp makes an angle of 18.0°
above the horizontal, and the landing ramp is identical to the takeoff
ramp. The buses are parked side by side, and each bus is 2.74 m wide.
The cyclist leaves the ramp with a speed of 33.5 m/s. What is the
maximum number of buses over which the cyclist can jump?

33.5 m/s _ _

2.74m
a) vy = vy 0 − gt
v0 33.5 m/s
Which equation for vertical b) ∆y ≡ y − y0 =
1
(vy + vyo )t
2
motion
θ 18o should one use? 1
c) ∆y = vy 0t − gt2
2
d) v2y − v2y 0 = −2g∆y
 example
• A small can is hanging from the ceiling. A rifle is aimed directly at the
can, as the figure illustrates. At the instant the gun if fired, the can is
released. Ignore air resistance and show that the bullet will always
strike the can, regardless of the initial speed of the bullet. Assume that
the bullet strikes the can before the can reaches the ground.

g ht
f si
e o
lin

∆ygravity
v0

θ
 Relative velocity
• Chuck practices throwing a newspaper in his front yard. He finds that
he can throw a newspaper at 40 km/hr. The next day he goes with Al
on his paper route. He stands in the bed of Al’s pickup truck which is
moving West at 40 km/hr. He see Ms. Jones standing on the street as
he passes her and throws her a newspaper. Relative to the truck, the
newspaper moves East with a velocity of 40 km/hr. What is the
velocity of the newspaper relative to Ms. Jones?

– a) 0 km/hr v paper _ relative _ to _ ground

– b) 80 km/hr due west = vtruck + v paper _ relative _ to _ truck
– c) 80 km/hr due east
⇒ v paper _ relative _ to _ ground = 40 − 40 = 0
– d) don’t know

vtruck 40 km/hr West

vpaper relative to truck 40 km/hr East
=-40 km/hr West
vpaper relative to ground ?
 Quiz
• Chuck looks ahead and sees Grandpa Harper. He throws him a
newspaper over the top of the hood to him. The truck is still moving 40
km/hr due West. Relative to the truck, the newspaper also moves West
with a velocity of 40 km/hr. What is the velocity of the newspaper
relative to Grandpa Harper?
– a) 0 km/hr
v paper _ relative _ to _ ground
– b) 80 km/hr due west
– c) 80 km/hr due east = vtruck + v paper _ relative _ to _ truck
– d) don’t know ⇒ v paper _ relative _ to _ ground = 40 + 40
= 80 km/hr West

vtruck 40 km/hr West

vpaper relative to truck 40 km/hr West

vpaper relative to ground ?

 relative velocity problems
• Label each object by a letter that reminds you of what it is (for
example p for paper, g for ground, t for truck).
• Look for phases such as "the velocity of the paper relative to truck"
and write the velocity as:
v v
v paper _ relative _ to _ truck = v pt

• Take the three velocities and assemble them into an equation such as;
v r v
v pg = vtg + v pt

• Solve for the velocity you want. Note that these velocities need not be
parallel. You may need to solve two equations, one in the x direction
and another in the y direction.
 Example
• Two boatmen have equally fast boats. They have a race to see who can
cross a river in the least time. Boatman A drives upstream at an angle
to the current and lands on the far shore directly opposite the starting
point. Boatman B drives perpendicular to the current and lands on the
far shore downstream of the starting point. Boatman A wins the race
because he goes the shortest distanc
– a) True
– b) False
– c) There is insufficient information to answer the question.
 Example
• A ferry boat is traveling in a direction 35.1o north of east with a speed
of 5.12 m/s relative to the water. A passenger is walking with a
west

velocity of 2.71 m/s due east relative to the boat. What is the velocity
(magnitude and direction) of the passenger with respect to the water?
y
.1 2 x
= 5
v bw east
s
m/
vpb= 2.71 m/s

vbw,y
.1 2
v pw = 5
v bw s
m/
θ 35.1o
vbw,x
vpb= 2.71 m/s
 Example
• Two cars A and B, are traveling in the same direction, although car B
is 186 m behind car A. The speed of B is 24.4 m/s and the speed of A
is 18.6 m/s. How much time does it take for B to catch A?

4 m/s
24 .

6 m/s
18 .
vA 18.6 m/s
vB 24.4 m/s
xA0 –xB0 186 m
 example
• Mary makes a bet with Sally about who can throw a softball the
farthest. She wants to win. Assuming that she can throw the softball at
30 m/s, what angle above the horizontal should she throw the ball to
achieve the greatest distance?
– a) 15 degrees
– b) 30 degrees
– c) 45 degrees
– d) 60 degrees

v0 30 m/s
∆y 0