ENGLISH:

EIRS

DiTION
pdated for the revised FCE exam by Language Testing
 Unit Page Unit title Grammar Vocabulary Word building

' Present tense review • Family and friends Adjective suffixes

• Present perfect vs Past • Home life Verb patterns (1): Verbs +
- i p5 i Youriife simple • Free time infinitive / gerund
' used fo and would -ed and -ing adjectives

• Relative clauses • Appearance Compound adjectives

' Artlcles • Personality Phrasal verbs (1): relationships
Style and substance • Fashion Extreme adjectives

• Narrative tenses • Travel Comparatives and superlatives

' Comparative línkers • Geography and Verb patterns (2): + gerund or
Adventure climate infinitive
• Accident and emergency
Easily-confused nouns
' Future forms ' Environment
' Other uses of the gerund • Time Determiners
Saving the planet and infinitive ' Animáis Phrasal verbs (2): solving
problems
Noun suffixes
• Conditionals 0-3 • Places Compound nouns
• Conditional línkers ' Advertising Collocations (1): prepositions
City space ' City life + nouns

' Modal verbs (1): obllgation,
necessity and advice; ability
' Permission
Easily-confused verbs
Health and fitness
Food Adverbs
Movement Phrasal verbs (3): health
Adverb collocations

' The passive • Science and technology Negative prefixes

' have / get something done ' Computers Collocations (2): verbs +
' Communication prepositions

Word stem transformatíons

• Modal verbs (2): deduction ' Emotions
• Coordinatlng línkers ' Abstract nouns Responses
• Laughter Phrasal verbs (4): behaviour
Make and do

' Wishes and regrets ' Success and failure Words with similar meanings
' Mixed conditionals ' Sport Collocations (3): adjectives +
' be / get used to ' Body idioms prepositions
Word families

Reported speech • Film, fiction and TV Expressions with mind

Reporting verbs • Action and atmosphere Phrasal verbs (5): life's dramas
•Thought Words with similar forms

Participle clauses • Art and culture Comparative expressions: like,

Inversión • The senses as, as if/though
pl25 Sound and visión Exam skills • Music Collocations (4): verbs + nouns
Exam skills

• Review of tenses and verb • Work Affixes: review

patterns • Crime Phrasal verbs (6): work
pl3Í Just the ]ob ' Exam skills • Learning Exam skills

• m
pi49 Pairwork activities pise Language summary pies Writing reference
R e a d i n g a n d U s e of E n g l i s h Writin

• P a r t 2: Open cloze • P a r t 5 : Múltiple cholee • P a r t 2: An informal • P a r t 1: Múltiple cholee • P a r t 1: I n t e r v i e w

• reading for gist ••ctiecl<ing context email • preparing to listen - personal preferences
• P a r t 3: Word f o r m a t i o n •• understanding the tasíc
•• the stem word • L i n k e r s (1): basic
linkers

• P a r t 1: Multiple-choice cloze ' P a r t 6 : Gapped text • P a r t 2: An article • P a r t 2: S e n t e n c e • Part 2: Long turn

reading for gist • understanding • an article eompletion preparing to speak
• P a r t 4 : K e y word t r a n s f o r m a t i o n text flow • P u n c t u a t i o n and •• approaching the task
• following instructions spelling

• P a r t 1: Multiple-clioice cloze • P a r t 7: Múltiple • P a r t 2: A report • P a r t 3: Múltiple • P a r t 3: C o l l a b o r a t i v e

•• eliminating options matching • a report matching task
• P a r t 2: Open cloze •• reading for specific • Linkers (2); time *-listening twice •• understanding the
*-part of speech information task

• P a r t 3: Word f o r m a t i o n • P a r t 6 : Gapped text • P a r t 1: An e s s a y • P a r t 4 : Múltiple cholee • Part 2: Long turn

suffixes • finding c/ues •• organising your essay • listening to a long text • comparison
• Part 4: Key word transformation • L i n k e r s ( 3 ) : purpose,
• tf)inl<ing about language r e a s o n and r e s u l t

' P a r t 1: Multiple-choice cloze • P a r t 5: Múltiple cholee • P a r t 1: An e s s a y • P a r t 1: Múltiple choice • Parts 3/4:

• eas/'/y confused verbs 'CheMng tfie context • a n essay • opinions Collaborative task and
• P a r t 4 : K e y word t r a n s f o r m a t i o n • L i n k e r s ( 4 ) : addition, follow-up discussion
• key words c o n t r a s t and discussing opinions
summarising

• P a r t 1: Multiple-choice cloze ' P a r t 7: Múltiple • P a r t 2: A r e p o r t • P a r t 2: S e n t e n c e • P a r t 1: I n t e r v i e w

*-meaning and usage matching • a report eompletion >• staying calm!
• P a r t 2: Open cloze 'synonyms and • F o r m a l language • giving relevant
• verb forms paraphrasing answers

• P a r t 3: Word f o r m a t i o n • P a r t 5: Múltiple cholee • P a r t 2: A f o r m a l letter • P a r t 3: Múltiple ' P a r t 2: L o n g t u r n

• ttie whole word - tiiinl^ing about organisation and matching • taiking for one minute
• Part 4: Key word transformation tfie options cohesión listening for clues
mai<ing changes ' Pronouns

• P a r t 1: Multiple-choice cloze • P a r t 6 : Gapped text • P a r t 2: An i n f o r m a l • P a r t 4 : Múltiple choice • Parts 3/4:

*-collocations • reference words email *-attitude Collaborative task and
• P a r t 2: Open cloze • range follow-up discussion
' Word order listening
• the whole context

• P a r t 3: Word f o r m a t i o n • P a r t 7: Múltiple • P a r t 2: An article • P a r t 1: Múltiple choice ' Parts 3/4:

*• word families matching • an article • Part 1 the exam Collaborative task and
>• matching correctly • A p p r o p r i a t e language follow-up d i s c u s s i o n
' Part 4: Key word transformation
•• a full response
keeping the meaning

• P a r t 2: Open cloze • P a r t 5 : Múltiple choice • P a r t 2: A r e v i e w • P a r t 2: S e n t e n c e • P a r t 1: Interview

•usage • Part 5 the exam • a review eompletion • Part 1 the exam
• P a r t 3: Word f o r m a t i o n • Opinions • P a r f 2 the exam
words with a similar form

• P a r t 1: Multiple-choice cloze • P a r t 6: Gapped text • P a r t 1: A n e s s a y • P a r t 3: Múltiple • P a r t 2: Long t u r n

Part 1 the exam • Part 6 the exam • Part 1 the exam matching • P a r f 2 the exam
• P a r t 2: Open cloze ' P r e p a r i n g for P a r t 1 •• Part 3 the exam
P a r f 2 the exam

• P a r t 3: Word f o r m a t i o n • P a r t 7: Múltiple • P a r t 2: A f o r m a l letter • P a r t 4 : Múltiple cholee • Parts 3/4:

> Part 3 the exam
• Part 4: Key word
• P a r f 4 the exam
matching • P a r f 2 the exam • Part 4 the exam Collaborative task and
• P a r f 7 the exam • P r e p a r i n g for P a r t 2 follow-up discussion
transformation
• Parts 3 and 4 the exam
 TARGET
CAMBRIDGE
ENGLISH:
Introduction
. FIRST

About FCE Richmond Learning Platform

You can go to the Richmond L e a r n i n g Platform for Online
Cambridge English: First examination (FCE) is an e x a m
P r a c t i c e T e s t s , E x t r a P r a c t i c e Activities and e x t r a r e s o u r c e s .
set by Cambridge English Language Assessment (part of
Y o u r unique a c c e s s code is at the front of this book. T h e r e
the University of Cambridge). If you pass, you will get
are two oniine practice tests in a similar format to the
a qualification which shows that you have an upper-
computer-based F C E e x a m . T h e y aiso provide a step-by-step
intermediate level of English (Common E u r o p e a n F r a m e w o r k
guide to the e x a m , helpful information about each paper and
B2) and that you c a n :
tips to help with e x a m technique.
• use English In a range of situations with native or
non-native s p e a k e r s
T h e format of the e x a m
• understand written t e x t s s u c h as letters, newspaper
articles and fiction
Paper Part Number of Task type
• understand spoken English in a range of situations such
questions
as e x t r a c t s from the radio, and taiks and interviews
/ timing
• pick out tactual detall and identify o p i n i ó n and attitudes
from longer reading and listening t e x t s 1 Reading and Partí 8 Multiple-choice cloze
• follow instructions and ask and a n s w e r questions Use of English
appropriately 75 minutes Part 2 8 Open cloze
• e x p r e s s opinions and offer advice
• take part in a conversation on a wide range of topics Parta 8 Word formation
• make notes in English while somebody is taiking in English.
Part 4 6 Key word
transformation

About Target Cambridge English: First Parts 6 M ú l t i p l e cholee

Target Cambridge Engiish: First will help you improve your Part 6 6 Gapped text
English, practise the question types used in F C E , and develop
the skills you need to pass the exam. Each of the 12 units in Part 7 10 M ú l t i p l e matching
the book looks at one of the topics that could appear in the
exam and contains sections on grammar, vocabulary and word 2 Writing Partí 1 Compulsory task
building, as well as realistic exam practice on all four papers. 80 minutes
Part 2 1 Cholee of three tasks
E x a m practice
3 Listening Partí 8 M ú l t i p l e cholee
Each unit includes work on all four e x a m papers, so there are approx. 40 minutes (discrete Items)
plenty of opportunities to practise e v e r y part of the e x a m .
The e x a m tasks are supported by Exam tips, which give you Part 2 10 Sentence
completion
helpful hints on how to do that task. T h e Worl<bool< contains
lots more e x a m practice questions.
Part 3 5 M ú l t i p l e matching

Language focus and Vocabulary Part 4 7 M ú l t i p l e choice

Each unit introduces and re-uses important topic vocabulary. (long text)
The Grammar and Word building sections systematically
4 Speaking Partí 2 minutes Interview
practise the key language á r e a s you could need for the exam.
14 minutes
There is aiso a Language summary section at the back of the Part 2 4 minutes Long turn
book (pages 156 to 167), which looks at the language points
covered in the lessons in more detall. You can get further Part 3 4 minutes Collaborative task
practice of the language points and vocabulary in the Worl<bool<
and in the On target? sections at the end of the units. Part 4 4 minutes Discussion
 T o p i c v o c a b u l a r y : family and triends • home life
• free time
G r a m m a i : present tense review • present p e r f e c
v s past simple
• used to and would
Word b u i l d i n g : adjective suffixes ® verb patterns
« -ed and -ing adjectives
W r i t i n g : an informal email • linkers í l )
E x a m pzeparation: Readmg and Use of E n g
Parts 2, 3 and 5 ® Listenmg Part 1
• Speakmg Part 1 • Writmg Part 2

Family a n d friends
With a partner, discuss photos A-C and say why you
think people might keep these photos.

Useful language
As lar as I can tell, the photo shows...
One possibility is that...
It looks as ií/ though they're ...
People may I might / could / would keep this because
MÍ| 1.1 Listen again and complete phrases 1-8.
someone you get on with
What do you think the reiationship is between the you enjoy other's company
people in each photo in Activity 1 ?
you might not have a lot common with tliem
/ thmkfhatfhis womam is ihe bridéis tnetAj
someone who drives you
this is someone you look „ to
sister-in-íaw.
6 someone you take in your family
7 a person you've fallen (ove with
Think about the people in your life. Write down the
8 someone you feel really cióse,
ñ a m e of a person you associate with each of the
illustrations. Don't spend too long thinking! Word boost I • Family and friends • Workbook p. 4
1 ir^L 2
• •IIJJIJ.HJ.U»

Choose five expressions from Activity 5 and match them

to different people in your life. With a partner, take it in
turns to describe each person, giving details.

How good a listener were you? Write one sentence

« i l 1-1 Listen to someone expiain what the illustrations about each of your partner's 'important people'. Then
mean, then tell your partner whether you agree or compare sentences. Did you remember correctly?
disagree with the explanations and why.
R e a d i n g a n d U s e o f E n g l i s h : Part 5 - Múltiple cholee

With a partner, describe t h e photos and answer t h e Read t h e e x t r a c t f r o m an a u t o b i o g r a p h y quickiy for

questions. gist and find two similarities or differences between
t h e w r i t e r ' s home and your o w n . Tell your p a r t n e r
1 What kind of people do you think live in these homes?
about t h e m .

9
2 Which home would you prefer to live in? Why?

For questions 1-6, choose t h e answer (A, B, C or

/i. D) which you think fits best according t o the t e x t .
Question one has been given as an example.
II.
1 What advantage did Bill's parents have?
A They carne f r o m wealthy families.
(ÉJ Their income was higher than the average.
C They lived cióse to the people they worked with.
D Their house was the largest in Des Moines.

2 What do we learn about Michael in paragraph 2?

A He had some very untidy habits at home.

i
B He found sharing a room inconvenient.
C He was proud of his collection of handkerchiefs.
D Bill was very sympathetic about Michael's
illnesses.

3 What does 'was not her strong suit' mean in line 25?
A was not something she did often

M-
B was something she complained about

'41 •
C was not something she did well
D was her least favourite thing

4 Bill suggests that dinner was usually late because

his mother
A got caught up in other tasks.
B never finished all the housework.
C often forgot to prepare any food.
D spent too long shopping after work.

5 Why does Bill think that his parents got on so well?

A Mr Bryson enjoyed eating overcooked food.
B Mrs Bryson did not notice that her husband
hated the food.
C Mr Bryson forgave his wife for her terrible
cooking.
D Mr and Mrs Bryson both enjoyed food with
strong flavours.

6 Bill was interested in his mother's magazines

because
A he didn't have very much to do at home.
E x a t n pfactice B he was keen to learn more about his
mother's work.
C they showed him a very different way of lite.
R e a d i n g a n d Use of E n g l i s h EXñltl típ
D he wanted to learn how to look after a house
P a r t 5: checking context
properiy.
When you have t o read a long text for a Part 5 task, don't panic!
Read the t e x t first and t r y t o work out the gist (general
meaning) of each paragraph. You do NOT need t o understand
every single w o r d in the t e x t .
: Read t h e questions, but not t h e options. Then read t h e t e x t
again carefully and underline t h e answers as you find t h e m .
> For each question, go back and read the options. Choose the
. á ^ n e which best matches the evidence in the text. „ .«^^^^^^^^^
 Life and Times of theThunderbolt Kid
by Bill Bryson

B e c a u s e m y p a r e n t s b o t h w o r k e d w e _ w e r e better ofF t h a n _ I t ' s a bit burned,' m y mother

^E25LP£2P11ÍÍL2MLSOC^^ (which i n would s a y apologetically at
D e s M o i n e s i n t h e 1950s w a s m o s t p e o p l e ) . W e - t h a t is to say, every meal, presenting y o u w i t h
m y p a r e n t s , m y b r o t h e r M i c h a e l , m y sister M a r y E l i z a b e t h (or a piece o f m e a t that l o o k e d like
B e t t y ) a n d I - h a d a bigger h o u s e o n a larger l o t t h a n m o s t o f something - a much-loved pet
m y p a r e n t s ' coUeagues. I t w a s a w h i t e c l a p b o a r d h o u s e w i t h perhaps - salvaged f r o m a tragic
b l a c k s h u t t e r s a n d a b i g s c r e e n e d p o r c h atop a s h a d y h i l l o n h o u s e fire. ' B u t I t h i n k I s c r a p e d
the best side o f t o w n . off m o s t of the b u r n e d part,' she
M y sister a n d b r o t h e r w e r e considerably older t h a n I - m y w o u l d add, overlooking that this
sister b y s i x years, m y brother b y n i n e ~ a n d so w e r e effectively i n c l u d e d e v e r y b i t o f it that h a d
adults f r o m m y perspective. T h e y w e r e big e n o u g h to be s e l d o m once been flesh.
a r o u n d for m o s t of m y c h i l d h o o d . F o r the first f e w years of m y Happily, all this suited m y
life, I s h a r e d a s m a l l b e d r o o m w i t h m y brother. W e got along father. H i s palate o n l y r e s p o n d e d
fine. M y brother h a d constant colds a n d allergies, a n d o w n e d to t w o tastes - b u r n e d a n d i c e
at least four h u n d r e d cotton h a n d k e r c h i e f s , w h i c h he devotedly cream - so everything w a s
filled w i t h great h o n k s a n d t h e n p u s h e d into any c o n v e n i e n t fine b y h i m s o l o n g as it w a s s u f f i c i e n t l y d a r k a n d n o t t o o
r e s t i n g place - u n d e r t h e mattress, b e t w e e n sofá c u s h i o n s , startlingly flavourful. Theirs truly was a marriage made i n
b e h i n d the c u r t a i n s . W h e n I w a s n i n e he left for coUege a n d a life h e a v e n , for n o o n e c o u l d b u r n f o o d like m y m o t h e r o r eat i t
as a j o u r n a l i s t i n N e w Y o r k City, n e v e r to r e t u r n permanently, like m y d a d .
a n d I h a d the r o o m to m y s e l f after that. B u t I w a s still ñnding A s p a r t o f h e r j o b at the D e s M o i n e s R e g i s t e r (the l o c a l
his h a n d k e r c h i e f s w h e n I w a s i n h i g h school, newspaper) m y mother bought stacks of housekeeping
T h e only d o w n s i d e of m y mother's w o r k i n g w a s that magazines - House Beautiful, House and Garden, Better
it p u t a little p r e s s u r e o n h e r w i t h r e g a r á to r u n n i n g t h e Homes and Gardens, Good Housekeeping - a n d I read
h o m e a n d p a r t i c u l a r l y w i t h r e g a r d to d i n n e r , w h i c h f r a n k l y t h e s e w i t h a c e r t a i n avidity, p a r t l y b e c a u s e t h e y w e r e a l w a y s

Une 25 w a s n o t h e r s t r o n g s u i t a n y w a y . M y m o t h e r a l w a y s r a n late l y i n g a r o u n d a n d i n o u r h o u s e a l l idle m o m e n t s w e r e s p e n t

and w a s dangerously forgetful into the bargain. Y o u soon
l e a r n e d to s t a n d aside at a b o u t t e n to s i x e v e r y e v e n i n g , f o r i t
w a s t h e n t h a t she w o u l d fly i n the b a c k door, t h r o w s o m e t h i n g
i n t h e oven, and disappear into some other quarter o f the
h o u s e t o e m b a r k o n the t h o u s a n d o t h e r h o u s e h o l d t a s k s t h a t
greeted her each evening. I n consequence, she nearly always
forgot a b o u t d i n n e r u n t i l a p o i n t s l i g h t l y b e y o n d w a y too late.
A s a r u l e y o u k n e w i t w a s t i m e to eat w h e n y o u c o u l d h e a r
p o t a t o e s e x p l o d i n g i n the o v e n .
W e didn't c a l i it t h e k i t c h e n i n o u r h o u s e . W e c a l l e d it t h e
Burns Unit.
r e a d i n g s o m e t h i n g , a n d p a r t l y b e c a u s e t h e y d e p i c t e d Uves
so a b s o r b i n g l y at v a r i a n c e w i t h o u r o w n . T h e h o u s e w i v e s
d e p i c t e d i n m y m o t h e r ' s m a g a z i n e s w e r e so coUected, so
organized, so c a l m l y o n top o f things, and their food w a s
p e r f e c t - t h e i r Uves w e r e p e r f e c t . T h e y d r e s s e d u p to t a k e
their food out o f the oven! T h e r e w e r e n o black circles o n
the c e i l i n g above t h e i r stoves, n o m u t a t i n g goo c l i m b i n g o v e r
the sides o f t h e i r f o r g o t t e n s a u c e p a n s . C h i l d r e n didn't h a v e
to b e o r d e r e d to s t a n d b a c k e v e r y t i m e t h e y o p e n e d t h e i r
oven doors.

V o c a b u l a r y i n c o n t e x t : home life

With a partner, find words in the text wliich refer to

What's life like in your house? Write 5 0 words on one of
a) parts of a liouse or b) iiousetiold appliances or
the topics below on a piece of paper. Be as interesting
furniture. How many other words can you think of?
or as funny a s possible.
í?) shiAften (pamgmph i)
evenings housework mealtime mornings Sundays

Write a definition or an example s e n t e n c e for the

Momings im mtj hoiAse are alwaijs a sfressfal ti'me...
following words and expressions in the text:

1 had the room to myself (paragraph 2) When you've finished, give your description to the
2 a l w a y s ran late (paragraph 3) teacher. Don't write your ñame.
3 overlooking (paragraph 5)
4 into the bargain (paragraph 3) Read the descriptions from the rest of the class and try
5 a m a r r i a g e made in h e a v e n (paragraph 6) to match one to each of your c l a s s m a t e s .

Word boost I • Home life • Workbook p. 4

 )«•• •

G r a m m a r : present tense review; present perfect vs past simple

Mrs B r y s o n w a n t s her family to help her make dinner, but |0| With a partner, look at the s e n t e n c e s and label t h e
e v e r y o n e has an e x c u s e ! With a partner, decide which is t i m e l i n e s with the c o r r e c t t e n s e s . E x p l a i n the difference
the best / w o r s t e x c u s e . Do you ever help out at home? in meaning between s e n t e n c e s A and B.

A I lived there last summer.

^ai ] B Tve been living there for y e a r s .

Present perfect vs past simple

tense past present

1 Don't ask me - 1 help with dinner nearly every evening! 1

2 Have you ever tried my cooking? It's terrible!
3 l'm doing my homework at the moment. 2
4 l've been working since 7 : 0 0 . 1 need a rest!
5 l've already had a sandwich, so l'm not hungry.
6 I don't live here - l'm just visiting! Language summary I • p. 156
I Complete gaps 1-4 in the table with the t e n s e s in the
box. T h e n m a t c h u s e s A - F to e x a m p l e s 1-6 in A c t i v i t y 1. Work with a partner. Write e x c u s e s for people in t h e
following s i t u a t i o n s ! Include at least four of t h e w o r d s
present continuous present simple present perfect (x2) in the list. T h e words c a n be used more than once.

•a§e- -already- for last since then

Present tense review
1 you don't want to go out with your friends tonight
1 A unchanging or permanent present
situations iorfí/j biAtPve alreadij gotplakis. I pwmised to
B regular or repeated actions babujsitages aqo.
2 C changing or temporary present 2 you were late home last night
situations 3 you missed your last English lesson
4 you forgot it was your friend's birthday y e s t e r d a y
3 D past actions or situations that
don't specify a time
E past actions with a present result

4 F actions that started in the past

Imagine y o u a r e going to interview someone for a
and continué into the present
programme called Your Home, Your Ufe. P r e p a r e six
Interesting questions to a s k , including a range of t e n s e s .

Watch out! stative verbs Student A: Y o u will interview the person in photo A.
Student B: Y o u will interview the person in photo B.
We don't usually use a continuous form with certain
v e r b s used to describe states (be, like, etc.).
/ hate cooking. NOT / am hating cooking.

Languagc summary • p. 156

Work with a p a r t n e r and w r i t e the c o r r e c t p r e s e n t

f o r m of the v e r b s in bold. H a v e y o u e v e r used e x c u s e s
like t h e s e ?
1 A: At last, you (arrive)! I
(wait) here all morning!
B: Sorry I (be) late. I overslept.
2 A: (you / do) anything at the moment?
Can you help me tidy up?
B: E r . . . we (do) a project for school.
Sorry, it (be) really important.
3 A: Carla, hurry up! Y o u (get) ready for
hours! ' T a k e turns to interview each other. A n s w e r the questions
B: I (come)! It (take) effort as if you w e r e the person in the photo. T h e n decide
to look this good, you know. w h i c h person y o u would most like to meet and w h y .
R e a d i n g a n d Use o f E n g l i s h : Part 2 - Open cloze ••

G e t r e a d y : used to and would

^ 1 Read the quotations. Has Liz and Danny's relationship Complete the rules with used to or would. What tense
got better or worse? has a similar meaning to these s t r u c t u r e s ?

Used to a n d w o u l d f
1 + infinitive to talk about a past action or
Wkat did your rehtionship
State that dees not happen or exist now.
use to be like?
2 + infinitive to talk about a repeated past
action that does not happen now. We often use this
form to talk about pleasant memories.

B ' f c ^ u s e d to and would • Workbook p. 7

Dainmij used fo buij me
flomrs everij mek Lcz luould W / m e j A e
1^ Work In groups. Compare your life ten y e a r s ago with
your life now, using used to and would. Consider the
following topics and add ideas of your own. How much
does your group have in common?
1 your interests 2 your favourite foods
We didn't use to argüe!
3 your daily routine 4 your f riends

/ Msed fo ¡ove carívoms. Non/1 fhiioktheij're borímg!

Exam practice

Discuss questions 1 and 2 with a partner. Then quickiy

R e a d i n g a n d Use of E n g l i s h Exam tip read the text below. Did any of your ideas appear in the
P a r t 2 : reading for gist
article?
Always read the whole text first before you complete
1 Why do people often feel excitad and happy at the
the gaps.
start of a relationship?
Read quickiy - don't waste time trying to understand
2 Do these feelings usually stay the s a m e ? Why?
every word!
Think about the general meaning of the text when you Complete the exam task.
choose your answers.

For questions 1-8, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use oniy one word in each gap.
There is an example at the beginning (0).
Whte your answers IN C A P I T A L L E T T E R S .

Love and relationships

In the past, the first stages (0)

OF love were often described a s 'lovesickness', and many people used
(1) believe that love was a kind of madness! However, there could be a rational, scientific explanation for
the intense feelings we experience when we fall (2) love. Studies suggest that, when we are beginning a
relationship, our brains produce a hormone called dopamine, which causes us to feel great joy and excitement. But
watch out: this doesn't last! (3) about a year, levéis of the hormone recede, and w e return to our usual
emotional levéis.

So (4) don't all relationships fall apart at that point? Luckily, it seems that a year is just enough time for
couples to find out how well they get (5) with their partners, and how much they enjoy (6)
other's company. A s a result, new bonds of love, affection and friendship are created which can last a lifetime.
According to May Wiiks, who has been happily married to J a c k (7) seventy-eight years, 'true love takes
work. When w e were first dating, J a c k bought me flowers every week, and he (8) walk me home every
evening after work. He's just a s kind and loving today. Now l'm 106, J a c k still tells me every day how beautiful I am!
I couldn't be any happier.'
 • • -

L i s t e n i n g f : Parí 1 - Múltiple cholee

G e t v e a d y : í r e e time E x a m practice

Look at t h e photos A - D and rank t h e activities f r o m 1-4,
w i t h 7 being t h e a c t i v i t y y o u would enjoy doing t h e
most. Explain your answers t o a p a r t n e r and agree on
one a c t i v i t y t o do t o g e t h e r t o m o r r o w .
I can't stand... /1 (don't) fancy (+ -ing) ...
I absolutely love ... / I'd be really up íor (+ -ing) ...
I'd much raí/jer ("+ infinitivaj ... than ... because ...
Read t h e exam task in A c t i v i t y 4 . Find questions which
relate t o t h e activities in photos A - D .
^ 12
. You will hear people taiking in eight different
s i t u a t i o n s . For questions 1-8, choose t h e best answer
(A, B or C).
1 You overhear a giri taiking on the phone. What is her
main criticism of Steve?
A He taiked about himself too much.
B He toid t o o many jokes.
C He did not share her interests.

2 You hear a man taiking about starting a collection.

What does he advise new collectors t o think about?
A whether their collection will be a worthwhile
investment
B what kind of objects they are interested in
C whether it will be easy t o start their collection

3 You hear a giri telling a friend about a conversation

she's just had. What was the main purpose of the
conversation?
A to persuade her parents to allow her to have a part
B t o explain how tired and stressed she'd been feelin
C to suggest that the family spend more time
together

4 You hear a student taiking on t h e radio about a type o

With a partner, c o m p l e t e t h e table. Can y o u add any
m o r e expressions? Find t h r e e people in t h e r o o m w h o
share one of your i n t e r e s t s .
puzzle called Sudoku. Why does he advise people not
totryit?
A It is very addictive.
B It is less interesting than other hobbies.
C It does not require any special skills.
5 You hear a woman taiking about her hobby of
bird-watching. What is the most i m p o r t a n t thing peopi
can do f o r birds?

a bike ride computer games a concert -ñxmsswardr A grow special trees and plants
a(youth)club dancing a drive the guitar B keep cats out of the garden
a puzzle a quiet night in a walk t h e beach C put out water f o r t h e m
some friends round shopping swimming yoga 6 On the radio, you hear a man taiking about music.
What is he doing?
s t a y i n g in going o u t
A taiking about his family's musical interests
do a crossvMord go B explaining how difficult it is to make money
have go f o r f r o m music
play goto C describing the background t o his career in music

• Pree time • Workbook p, 4 7 You overhear a couple taiking about their free time.
What do they agree about?
A They watch t o o much televisión.
L i s t e n i n g Part 1: £ x a i f l ífjp B They need to do something different.
preparing to listen C They are going t o go cycling.
You will hear different speakers t a i k i n g on a range of
8 You hear a woman taiking about her hobby. Why did
topics. Before y o u listen:
she start riding?
read each question and o p t i o n carefully and t r y t o
, predict t h e topics y o u will hear. A She wanted to take up a sport.
^ i j n d e r l i n e any key words in t h e question. B She was passionate about horses.
C She wanted to help her friend.

Look at tlie photos A-D. Which activities do you do?
Who do you usually do them with? Are there any
activities you never do? Why? Discuss with a partner.
Work with a partner. IVIatch the pairs of questions
1-3 with the headings in the list. Then write ene more
question for each category.
Home life Leisuretime Likes and dislikes
a Do you prefer spending time alone or with other
people? (Why?)
b What is your favourite part of the day? (Why?)
c How much time do you usually spend at home?
(What do you usually do?)
d Could you tell me something about your family?
e Do you play any sports or games?
(What do you play?)
f Do any of your friends have an interesting hobby?
(What d o e s s h e / h e d o ? )
i 1.3 Listen to six people answering the questions in
Activity 2. Which questions are they responding to?
Match speakers 1-6 to questions a-f.
Speakíng P a r t 1 : Exam tip
personal preíerences
In Part 1 you will answer questions about yourself. Try to
make your answers as interesting as possible!
Use a variety of expressions to talk about your likes,
dislikes and interests: don't just say / Me or / don't like.
Expand your ideas by giving reasons for your opinions,
or by giving examples.
/ can't get enough of..., because it's ...
/Ve always had a passion for..., Last year, I...
1.3 Listen again and complete the phrases for taiking
about likes and dislikes. Write the neme or speaker
number of the person who gives these opinions.
Person Opinión
1 I absolutely .sailing
2 l'm graphic novéis
3 is really interested spiders
4 l'm not keen. „ sport
5 I'd probably. ^ be with friends
Work with a partner. How many more useful
expressions can you think of for taiking about likes,
dislikes and preferences?
' Ask and answer the questions in Activity 2 with your
partner.
 • •

W o r d b u i l d i n g : family a n d f r i e n d s : t

Adjective suffixes V e r b p a t t e r n s ( 1 ) : verbs + inñmtive I gerund

We can add suffixes (= e n d i n g s ) t o some nouns and Read t h e profiles f r o m t h e website F r i e n d s Online.
verbs t o cliange t h e m into adjectives. In groups, add Which person would y o u most lií<e t o reply t o ? Why?
one m o r e example for eacfi suffix. Can y o u think of any
m o r e adjective suffixes?

suffix example
Basia, 18, Poland
-able relyrellable I ' m a C r e a t i v e , a r t i s t i c p e r s o n w h o likes
-al music musical readinq a n d d r a w i n g , a n d leves playing
t h e guitar. I w a n t t o s t u d y music at
-ent excel excellent
u n i v e r s i t y - if I m a n a g e t o p a s s m y e x a m s !
-ful hope -> hopeful (full of h o p e ) This y e a r I've decided t o learn m o r e
-ic a r t i s t - > artistic about music, art and literature from other
c o u n t r i e s , so p l e a s e g e t in t o u c h if y o u
-ish c h i l d - > childish share a n y of these interests. I look f o r w a r d
-ive act - » a c t i v e to hearing f r o m y o u - I promise t o reply to
every email.
-less hope -» hopeless (without hope)
-cus glamourglamorous
-y sport - » s p o r t y Diego, 18, Argentina
I'm a v e r y sporty, active p e r s o n . I love t o
With a p a r t n e r , c o m p l e t e t h e t e x t w i t h t h e c o r r e c t play football a n d g o s u r f i n g . I aiso really
adjective f o r m of t h e words in bold. enjoy skateboarding, aithough I'm not
v e r y g o o d . I've given up doing tricks - I
k e e p f a l l i n g o f f ! W h a t else? O h y e s , I ' m

The Simpsons i n t e r e s t e d in l o t s o f o t h e r t h i n g s , like

c o m p u t a r g a m e s a n d TV, b u t I c a n ' t s t a n d
rofile s h o p p i n g ! I'd r e a l l y like t o h e a r f r o m p e o p l e
w h o a r e into t h e s a m e stuff. I hope t o hear
from you soon.
The Simpsons are one of the
worid's most (1 fame)
families! As well as baby Maggie, • p. 156
they consist of:
Underline all t h e examples of v e r b / e x p r e s s i o n + t o
M a r g e (the mother) - the infinitive OR v e r b / e x p r e s s i o n + gerund (-/ng f o r m ) .
most (2 depend) person
in the househoid, IVIarge is a With a p a r t n e r , c o m p l e t e t h e table w i t h expressions
(3 help) and ioving mum. She's always very f r o m A c t i v i t y 4 and t h e list below. Can y o u add
(4 protect) of her family - even when they get any more?
into trouble!
agree can't help don't mind give up hate
H o m e r (the dad) - (5 greed), lazy and practise prefer pretend seem start
(6 care) at worl<, Homer isn't a great role model
as a dad! He is often (7 self), but, in the end, + g e r u n d OR
+ to i n f i n i t i v e + gerund
his love for his family aiways wins out. to i n f i n i t i v e

B a r t (the son) - the star of the show for many

lihe
people, Bart is ioud, rude and (8 mischief). A
(9 natura) comedian, he's fortunately aiso very
Over to y o u
(10 like) and funny too!

L i s a (the daughter) - completely (11 differ) W r i t e a s h o r t profile of yourself f o r t h e F r i e n d s Online

from Bart, Lisa is very clever and (12 knowledge). w e b s i t e . Use at least two adjectives f o r m e d w i t h
Highiy (13 success) at sohool, Lisa is the brains t h e suffixes in A c t i v i t y 1 and at least five verbs or
of the family! She's (14 hero) in defending her expressions followed by to + infinitive o r a g e r u n d .
moral and (15 politics) beliefs, aithough she can
be self-righteous at times. Read t h e o t h e r s t u d e n t s ' profiles and decide which
three people y o u have t h e m o s t in c o m m o n w i t h !

0
Lan0uagc summary • p. 156
Word boost I ^ W o r k b o o k p . 76
R e a d i i t g a n d U s e o f E n g l i s h : Part 3 - Word formation !t

G e t r e a d y : -ed and -ing adjectives

I In s e n t e n c e s 1 a n d 2 , w h i c h a d j e c t i v e is u s e d t o t a l k W i t h a p a r t n e r , t a l k a b o u t h o w y o u w o u l d f e e l in t h e
a b o u t a ) h o w w e f e e l , b) h o w s o m e t h i n g m a k e s u s f e e l ? f o l l o w i n g s i t u a t i o n s . U s e -ecí a n d -ing adjectives.

1 M y f a m i l y is b o r i n g ! 2 l'm b o r e d b y m y f a m i l y . 1 Y o u r dad w a n t s you to help him do s o m e gardening.

O C o m p l e t e t h e s e n t e n c e s w i t h t h e c o r r e c t -ing o r
f o r m o f embarrass-, exc/í- or tir-.
-ed
2
VW be reallij annoifed. GaráMmt^ is
Your eiderly relatives are coming t o stay with you
borm§P

1 W h e n m y m u m t u r n e d up at t h e p a r t y , I was really for a week.

. Everyone laughed. 3 You're doing your homework when a friend phones

2 W e w e r e all r e a l l y when our sister married you for a chat.
t h e pop star. We hoped we'd b e c o m e f a m o u s t o o ! 4 Your m u m buys you some c o m p u t e r games for
3 I f e i t so a f t e r l o o k i n g a f t e r m y n i e c e s all d a y , your birthday.
I w e n t to bed eariy. 5 You're h e m e alone w h e n y o u hear a strange noise.
4 G o i n g s h o p p i n g w i t h m y m u m is q u i t e . She • -ed and -ing adjectives • Workbook p. í
never stops!
5 D a d , please s t o p d a n c i n g ! It's so . Y o u look
ridiculous.
6 Having a f a m o u s p a r e n t w o u l d be really .
L i f e w o u l d c e r t a i n l y be o u t o f t h e o r d i n a r y !

Exam practice
Readíng a n d Use o f E n g l i s h Exam tip
Read the e x a m task, ignoring the gaps. What are the P a r t 3 : f/ie stem word %
d i s a d v a n t a g e s of h a v i n g a c e l e b r i t y p a r e n t ? When you complete a qap, r e m e m b e r that: i
y o u m u s t atways chanqe the stem word. I
Complete the exam task. you may need to add a suffix, a prefix or both t o t h e
s t e m w o r d , or m a k e internal changes t o t h e spelling.

For q u e s t i o n s 1-8, read t h e t e x t b e l o w . U s e t h e w o r d g i v e n in c a p i t a l s at t h e e n d of s o m e of t h e lines t o f o r m a w o r d

t h a t f i t s in t h e g a p i n t h e s a m e l i n e . T h e r e is an e x a m p l e at t h e b e g i n n i n g (0).
W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s IN C A P I T A L L E T T E R S .

Celebrity parents

For m a n y p e o p l e , h a v i n g a (0) .^.éM.Q.'^.S.. parent w o u l d be a d r e a m FAME

c o m e t r u e . I m a g i n e i n t r o d u c i n g R o n a l d i n h o or Keira K n i g h t i e y t o y o u r
W : friends! T h i n k a b o u t t h e g l a m o r o u s l i f e s t y l e y o ü ' d l e a d , a n d al! t h e w i l d ,
(1) partiesyou'd g o t o ! EXCITE

1 B u t c e l e b r i t y f a m i l i e s a r e n ' t (2) f u n . For a start, s t a r s NECESSARY

d o n ' t m a k e t h e m o s t (3) p a r e n t s . For s o m e , t h e i r c a r e e r DEPEND

will a l w a y s c o m e first. T h e n , t h e r e ' s all t h e (4) from the ATTEND

p r e s s . G r o w i n g u p is o f t e n h a r d : b u t t h i n k a b o u t h o w (5) EMBARRASS

y o u ' d feel if y o u h a d t o r e a d a b o u t y o u r m i s t a k e s in t h e n e w s ! A n d
last b u t n o t least, c e l e b r i t y c h i l d r e n c o m e u n d e r h u g e p r e s s u r e t o b e
b e a u t i f u l , (6) a n d t a l e n t e d . A f t e r all, t h e y k n o w t h a t p e o p l e are c o n t i n u a l l y c o m p a h n g FASCINATE

t h e m t o their m u m s or d a d s !

W h e n y o u r e a d t h e latest g o s s i p a b o u t J a c k O s b o u r n e or Paris Hilton (son of a h e a v y m e t a l s i n g e r

a n d d a u g h t e r of a highiy s u c c e s s f u l b u s i n e s s m a n , r e s p e c t i v e l y ) , y o u g e t t h e (7) that IMPRESS

life a s a c e l e b r i t y ' s c h i l d b r i n g s a lot of p r o b l e m s t o o . S o , m a y b e t h e p r e s s is b e i n g (8) KIND

w h e n it m o c k s f a m o u s o f f s p r i n g . M a y b e w e s h o u l d s h o w t h e m m o r e s y m p a t h y !
W r i t i n g : Part 2 - An informal email i |»••• • •
Prepare
With a partner, discuss t h e
questions.
1 How often do you email your
friends and family?
2 What kind of things do you
usually write about?
Analyse the task
Read t h e task below, t h e n read Mark's email. Which of these things should
you do In y o u r reply?
Q use linkers to connect ideas Q copy language f r o m your
Q organise your work into friend's email
paragraphs Q use formal language
Q deal with all the questions Q use contractions (/'m, it's)
This is part of an email you recieve from an English-speaking friend. Reply to your
friend answering the questions in the email.
Write 140-190 words in an appropriate styie.
A i college we're doing a project on sports. I want to do
well because the mark wiil go towards my final grades.
A n d it's a really interesting topic too, I think. So, could
you tell me which sports are most popular in your
country? AIso, what's your o w n favourite and w h y do
you like it? How did you first get into it? l'd be really
grateful for your answers w h e n you have time.
Impvove your writing: R e a d y to w r i t e !
linkers (1): hasic linkers
You are going to do the task in Activity 2. Read
the email again. What questions do you have to
When you are writing it is important to link your ideas in a answer?
clear and logical way. Some of the most basic linkers are
and, or, so, but and because, but many more are possible! 1

Which linkers can you find in your friend's email? How

many other linkers can you think of? ^ Read the Exam í/p and brainstorm ideas for each
note. Look at the ideas in the table to help you.
Work with a partner and join the sentences in 1-5 in
as many different ways as possible. Use the linkers in
Activity 3 or your own ideas. Does the meaning change W r i t i n g P a r t 2: Exdíltl típ
when you use different linkers?
Always read the prompt material and all the notes
1 My brothers and I fell out. We'd had a huge argument.
carefully befare you start writing. Think about:
Mij bmfhen and I fell oiAtas a resi^ltofa who is writing to you: a friend or a stranger?
huge ar^i/iymeht Should your reply be formal or informal?
2 I get on like a house on tire with my mum. My dad what type of answer you need to write for each
never listens to me. nolo. Do you need to give Information, apologise
3 My best friend is my next-door neighbour. This means or make a request?
I see him every day. how you can complete the task as fully as
4 Do you take after your dad? Do you resemble possible. Brainstorm ideas for each note before
your mum? ou writ
5 The door of my house is blue. The shutters are aiso >p.U2
painted blue.
6 I don't talk to my ex-girifriend often. She drives me mad.
Read the mini-profile below. What do the linkers and, aiso,
Notes Bxampb ¡deas Yom own ideets
as well and too have in common? Where do we usually put
these linkers in a sentence? 1 depends on whether
¡rvatching orpkijing
I ' m obsessed uj/>h surCmq md Suj'mm'i^ md l ' m reall^ ,
Mo stafeboardíncj as aseli. rrit^ s i s i e r is aiso prt-Hij keen |
on slcafeboard/níj, 5(ie's mad aboai íocrí-bfl^^^iTO^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^Í

skafíng - ¡ove
1^ Think of at least two interesting things to say about movinq to mmic,
topics 1-4. Write three sentences, connecting your ideas learning ne'/>j moves
with different linkers. When you've finished, explain your
sentences to a partner. Which topic would they like to
learn more about? Give them more details. 3 vyhen I was ten¡
cousin tau0htme

*¥f .4,

'O Write your email, using ideas from Activity 8.

Remember to respond to all of the notes.
a person who's sometimes annoying
fV\ij bniher''s somefimes anmijing. He''s reaíltj I • Look at the checkiist on page 172. Check your
email and make any corrections.
mischievom, and he often gefs y»e intv froMe fvol
I wish he mi/ld Mlyn down, because somefimes he
gefs on mij nervesl
a place where I feel relaxed
an activity I can't stand doing
something I wouldn't want to live without

6
 ••
On target? >•••••
Unit 1
Complete t h e t e x t w i t h t h e c o r r e c t f o r m of t h e verbs in bold.

Our best friends?

Many people's idea of 'fanuly' (O lincll^des include) a small
four-legged pet - usually a cat or a dog. At the moment, there
(1 be / already) more dogs and cats than people on the
planet and the number (2 grow). Today, the USA, China
and Brazil ( 3 . have) the biggest dog and cat populations in
the world. Since 1998, the number of dogs and cats in Brazil
(4 rise) by over 30%!

Our attitudes to animáis have changed. People (5 not/

used to / think) of dogs and cats as 'pets'. I n the past, people
(6 keep) cats because they (7 catch) mice, and
dogs were useful because they guarded the house. Today, cats and dogs
more closely (8 resemble) family members or friends. The
actress Nathalie Portman, who (9 choose) the ñame 'Whiz'
for her much-loved little Yorkshire Terrier, allegedly (10 take)
her precious pet everywhere - even to award shows!

1^ Write suitable questions for t h e answers. More t h a n one c o r r e c t i Choose t h e c o r r e c t suffix t o f o r m t h e

question may be possible. adjective. For each adjective, w r i t e a
sentence about someone you know.
0 He's got t w o brothers and a step-sister.
0 protect - a l / - i v e ; / - o u s
Ho^v maníj broWters a^d sisten éoes he have?
1 No, l've never been in love. Mij dad ís verij -profecfive ofhis
2 We've been staying at my mother-in-law's house for three weel<s. familij, ahd he fríes fv ynake si^re
3 My grandmother came f r o m Colombia. fhatmofhimg bad ei/erhappens fv i^s.
4 No, we didn't use to get on at al! when we were young!
1 depend -able / -ed / - f u l
5 My dad is a very dependable, reliable person.
2 hero -al / -ic / -íess
6 We live in a large white house with a blacl< front porch.
3 success -Iess / - f u l / -able

9 Think of a f a m o u s person you know well. Complete these sentences as

If t h e y w e r e t r u e for this person.
4
5
greed - f u l / - y / - o u s
self - i s h / -ive / - y

1 At the moment, l'm working ... Work w i t h a partner. Write definitions

2 loften... for s i x w o r d s or expressions f r o m
3 l've never... this unit.

4 Before I was famous, I didn't use to ...

Find a n o t h e r pair. Take it in t u r n s t o
Choose t h e c o r r e c t a l t e r n a t i v e s . read out y o u r definitions. The o t h e r
0 l'm really Glose t o / w i t h my sister. pair has t e n seconds t o guess t h e w o r d
1 I don't get on good / well with my cousin. or phrase. Which pair gets t h e m o s t
2 I can't stand t o do / doing housework. c o r r e c t answers?
3 We decided t o g e t / g e t t i n g married last year.
4 Can you do / play this crossword?
5 Granddad's stories are always long and bored / b o r i n g .
6 He really looks up / o u t to his m u m .
7 We usually go / go f o r a walk on Sundays.
8 They had a marriage done / made in heaven.

0
 Topic v o c a b u l a r y : appearance • personality

Style and
• fashion
G r a m m a r : relativa clauses • articles
Word building: compound adjectives • phrasal verbs (1)
• extreme adjectives

suDstanc
W r i t i n g : an article • punotuation and spelling
E x a m preparation: Reading and Use of English Parts
, 1. 4 and 6 • Listening Part 2 • Speaking Part 2
Writing Part 2

Appearance

^ Do you recognise a n y of the people in photos A - D ?

Why a r e t h e y f a m o u s ?

^1 In groups, complete the table with the a d j e c t i v e s . T r y to

add a s m a n y e x t r a ideas a s you c a n to e a c h c a t e g o r y .

hs\á curvy clean-shaven dyed freci<led

glamorous gorgeous hideous palé plump
skinny slim stubbly stunning tanned wavy
weli-built wrinkied

skin / general
h a i r / beard build / s i z e
complexión appearance

baid

T a k e t u r n s to d e s c r i b e the people in photos A - D . A f t e r

e a c h description, decide a s a group how a t t r a c t i v e
the person is, on a s c a l e of 1 to 10. Give r e a s o n s for
your s c o r e .

2.1 Y o u a r e going to hear a ' f a c e r e a d e r ' explain

what people's f a c e s can r e v e a l about their personality.
With a partner, m a t c h p h y s i c a l f e a t u r e s 1-6 to the
people in photos A - D . T h e n listen and c h e c k .

Face reading what does youi- face say about you "i

Personal qiiality I
1 round face AII^, exfroi/ert
2 square chin
3 very curly hair
4 irregular smile
5 high cheekbones
6 large forehead

•1^ 2.1 L i s t e n again and complete the third column

in the table in A c t i v i t y 4 . Do y o u agree t h a t people's
a p p e a r a n c e c a n tell you about their p e r s o n a l i t y ?

Word boost • Appearance • Workbook p. 10

• •iijjii.iu.utm
O Work with a partner. S t u d e n t A t u r n to page 1 4 9 .
S t u d e n t B t u r n to page 151.
R e a d í n g a n d U s e o f E n g l i s l i : Part 6 - G a p p e d text
•••••

Look at the photos A - C and d i s c u s s t h e questions in groups. C h o o s e f r o m the s e n t e n c e s A - G the

1 What do you think the people in the photos are doing? W h y ? one which fits e a c h gap (1-6). T h e r e is
one e x t r a s e n t e n c e w h i c h y o u do not
2 Do you ever watch shows like t h e s e ? W h y ? / Why not?
need to u s e .
3 Which show would you most like to appear on? Why?
A Y o u could say they're just trying to
teach wannabes how to be more
realistic about themselves and their
abilities.
B They take from them a message that
becoming famous is quick and easy.
C J u s t because someone hasn't got
the celebrity factor, it doesn't mean
that they haven't got other, more
impressive qualities.
D Shows like these mislead people
about the reality of fame.
E However, most of them are pretty
clueless about how we're meant to
achieve this.
F These distinctive personality traits
are what keep the media interested.
G In order for US to promote someone
effectively, we have to be convinced
that they genuinely have something
original and exciting to offer.

Vocabuiary i n context:
personality.
Find w o r d s in t h e a r t i c l e w h i c h
m e a n the opposite of t h e following
adjectives:
R e a d the introductory s e n t e n c e to the a r t i c l e on page 19. In groups,
Paragraphs 2 - 5
d i s c u s s w h a t kind of w a r n i n g s or a d v i c e y o u think S a s k i a will give.
1 talented
Quickiy re ad t h e whole a r t i c l e . Were y o u r i g h t ? 2 hard-working
3 calm
4 sociable
E x a m practice 5 ordinary, conventional

Paragraphs 6-7
R e a d i n g a n d Use of E n g l i s h Exam tip 6 serious
P a r t 6: understanding text fíow 7 modest
Try to understand how the t ex t is organised before you complete the gaps. 8 polite
t h e whole t e x t first for gist and work out w h a t the main ideas 9 kind
n each paragraph. 10 sensible
Look at the e x t r a c t e d s e n t e n c e s . Do any of t h e m h a vie similar
similar tof
topics
to the p a r a g r a p h s in the t e x t ? With a partner, d i s c u s s who y o u r
f a v o u r i t e and l e a s t f a v o u r i t e
Look for íinks between t h e g r a m m a r and v o c a b u i a r y inn the e xxttrraacc t e d
c e l e b r i t i e s a r e , giving r e a s o n s . Write
s e n t e n c e s and in the t e x t . Think c a r e f u l l y about any pronouns (he, ¡t,
s e n t e n c e s describing how y o u r
this) or linkers (however, although, e t c . ) .
p a r t n e r f e e i s about two c e l e b r i t i e s .

ffWWPWHfü • Personality
' R e a d t h e a r t i c l e again c a r e f u l l y . With a partner, w r i t e one s e n t e n c e
• W o r k b o o k p . 10
about e a c h p a r a g r a p h , s u m m a r i s i n g t h e main ideas.

Peimgmph i: TVcaio help people ft> become si^ccessfíil verij cji^ictíij.

W h e n will I b e f a m o u s ?
Unfortunately we do have to re)ect the majority of
So you want to be a star? applicants. O f course, this can be devastating for some, and

Saskia Young, the co-founder of The I can't say that I enjoy this part of m y job. But I always
try to offer positive feedback too. 5 T h e y might
Star Maker Agency, taIks about the be a very funny or smart person, or maybe they're really
dream and the reality of the f ame game. Creative. It would be a shame to waste these skills on
reality TV.
Televisión can t u m yesterday's nobody into a millionaire One thing that's a bit different about my agency is that we
overnight. T h i n k about Leona Lewis. Befo re The X-Factor consider each applicant very carefully on their o w n unique
she was just another pretty singer. After her w i n , she released merits. We try not to be arrogant like the judges on Pop Idol
a best-selling debut álbum and became an international or The X-Factor\ However, I can't stand watching
celebrity people like Simón Cowell being rude to contestants. It's
Young people watch reality shows like these and think, cruel to mock someone for their dreams, however silly they
'that could be me'. 1 A n d it certainly seems that way, might seem. The sad truth though, is that not everyone can
when even talentless Big Brother stars can become rich and be 'the next big thing'. For every success story, there are
famous, apparently overnight. Slogging your way through tens of thousands w h o never become stars. Show business is
a long degree or dealing with the stress of job applications probably the most competitive business i n the world. To
lack the appeal of becoming an 'instant' celebrity make it to the top, you've usually got to have exceptional
talent, w o r k extremely hard, and stay utterly focused. But
Since founding The Star Maker Agency i n 2004, we've
most of all, you've got to be very, very lucky!
seen the number of applicants rocket from a few hundred a
year to almost fifty times that. E a c h young hopeful expects
US to transform their Uves. 2 A depressingly large
number of would-be stars don't seem to have any real skills,
apart from their o w n amazing powers of self-deception. One
boy who told us ' I want to be as famous as Brad Pitt', later
confessed he hated acting. What's more, he quite cheerfully
admitted to being lazy refusing to take on any job w h i c h
involved getting up before midday!
As a talent agency, we're not looking for 'wannabes', i.e.
people who just want to copy their favourite celebrities.
A n d y o u don't necessarily need to be good-
looking to catch our eye. I n fact, we often prefer to take on
people who aren't conventionally attractive, because they're
more likely to stand out and be remembered.
If you look carefully you'll see that many A-list stars are
striking rather than stunning. They're often slightly eccentric
too. F o r example, Angelina Jolie has the reputation for being
rather fiery, while Michael Jackson was notoriously shy.
4 Bland people eventually just fade away ^ Would you like t o be f a m o u s ? Why? / Why not?
Tell y o u r partner.

Work in groups. You are going t o plan y o u r own r e a l i t y

TV show! Decide t o g e t h e r :
1 what the show is called.
2 what the people on the show will do.
3 what kind of contestants will take part.
4 what the prize will be.

4^ Present your idea t o t h e rest of t h e class. When all t h e

groups have finished, t h e class should v o t e for t h e idea
t h e y would m o s t like t o w a t c h on TV!
G r a m m a r : relative clauses

Choose t h e colour t h a t appeals t o y o u t h e m o s t . Then read t h e analysis. Tell your p a r t n e r w h e t h e r y o u agree,

expiaining w h y / w h y n o t .

If you picked orange, you'r B wiiich is a puré c 'Purples' are deeply spiritual D uuoms ana on^ce?,
an active, energetic person, colour, appeals to people who and are fiercely loyal to the wliere others struggle, bright
whose interests include sports like order and logic. people that they cara about. i dTrit'ous 'yeliows' excel.
and nature.

E A'red' person, who 'Blues' are tlioughtful, G The reason why some prefer h i l a m u H M i i lners is
usually has strong emotions, is quiet people, and they're often black is because it's dark and something that kind and
energetic and dynamic. happiest at peacefui moments mysterious. These people are sympathetic 'greens' really
when they're alone. often unconventional thinkers. care about.

Match t h e relative pronouns in boid in A c t i v i t y 1 t o t h e Complete t h e gaps w i t h a relative p r o n o u n , what or 0

categories in t h e list. One c a t e g o r y is used t h r e e t i m e s . (no relative pronoun). If t h e r e is m o r e t h a n one possible
answer, w r i t e both o p t i o n s . R e m e m b e r t o add any
people places possession reasons things times missing c o m m a s .

Relative clauses
s Defining r e l a t i v e clauses give essential I n f o r m a t i o n Rebel, rebel!
about t h e w o r d they refer t o .
We can omit the relative pronoun if it is the object Q Adolescence is a time most of us seek
of the clause. to become more independent, a change
Non-defining r e l a t i v e clauses give non-essential parents often flnd shocking.
('extra') i n f o r m a t i o n .
|g There are some teenagers want to go
We use commas to sepárate non-defining relative
clauses f r o m the rest of t h e sentence. out every night, and others retreat
Relative p r o n o u n s + p r e p o s i t i o n s . In f o r m a l English, to their bedrooms they listen to loud
we put a preposition before whom or which. In music.
informal English we use who or which and put t h e g| And then there are the teenagers about
preposition at t h e end of the clause.
everyone complains - the ones behaviour
Languagc sutnmary • p.l57 . seemstogetcompletely out of control.
But neuroscientists have studied the
Read t h e rules and, w i t h a partner, answer t h e questions brain argüe that teenage rebellion is
below. perfectly natural.
1 How many brothers have T got in each sentence?
Are the relative clauses defining or non-defining?
m is interesting is that they have
discovered the brain is still growing we
A My brother w h o ' s a d o c t o r has green eyes.
are teenagers
B My brother, w h o ' s a d o c t o r , has green eyes.
0 This may be the reason : teenagers can
2 Which sentence is more formal? In which sentence
can you omit the relative pronoun? get moody and emotional!
A That is the actor w h o everyone is taiking a b o u t .
B That is the actor a b o u t w h o m everyone is taiking.

0
3 Do the sentences in Activity 1 contain defining or
non-defining relative clauses? A r e t h e r e any situations in which i t ' s good t o be a
rebel? DIscuss t h e q u e s t i o n w i t h y o u r p a r t n e r , giving
examples and reasons.
Watch out! what

We can aiso use what t o mean 'the thing(s) t h a t ' .

What I read in the colour quiz was very accurate.
Over to yoii
We don't use what in relative clauses.
Work in g r o u p s . Divide y o u r g r o u p into t w o t e a m s , A
There was a part of the analysis which what I didn't
and B. Team A follow t h e i n s t r u c t i o n s on page 1 4 9 .
agree with. Team B follow t h e i n s t r u c t i o n s on page 151.

20
R e a d i n g a n d U s e off E n g l í s h : Part 4 - K e y word transformation It

Cet ready: articles

Complete t h e table w i t h a / an, the or 0 (no article). Complete t h e quotations with a partner. Write a / a n , the
or 0 . Which t w o quotations do you find most interesting?
Articles
1 Itisonly, . shallow people who do not judge by
article use for... _appearances. Oscar Wilde
1 • nouns which have been previously mentioned Regardiess of how you feeí inside, always t r y t o look
• specifying a particular Ítem like winner. Arthur Ashe
I never saw ugly thing in my lite.
2 • singular countable nouns used for the first time John Constable
• someone's Job She got her looks f r o m her father. H e ' s , . plástic
surgeon. Groucho Marx
3 • plural and uncountable nouns
worid is governed more by ^appearances
• t o talk about things in a general sense
than^ ^ realities. Daniel Webster

G r a m m a r b o o Jjg.: • A r t i c l e s • W o r k b o o k p. 13

E x a m practice
R c a d i n g a n dUseof English Exam tip
P a r t 4 : foHowing instructions
Complete t h e exam task. When y o u have finished, check
your answers carefuily. Count t h e n u m b e r of w o r d s y o u w r i t e carefuily.
C o n t r a c t i o n s count as t w o words, e.g. \'m = / a m .
The key w o r d m u s t stay e x a c t l y t h e same, so never
add v e r b endings or plurals.

For questions 1-6, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word
given. Do not change the w o r d given. You must use between t w o and five words, including the word given.
Write oniy the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS.

0 This is the first time l've been on reality TV. NEVER

I . . M V f E . N E V E R B E E N . on reality TV before.

1 My brother dances professionally, and he wants to become famous. PROFESSIONAL

My brother, , wants to become famous.
2 The last time the band performed was a year ago. FOR
The band a year.
3 Whenever I meet a new person, I get very shy. PEOPLE
Meeting feel shy.
4 Being followed everywhere is the part of being famous that I enjoy the least. DISLIKE
What I famous is being followed everywhere.
5 Sara plays the guitar and her brother sings in the band. SINGER
Sara, in the band, plays the guitar.
6 I prefer doing homework to watching boring reality TV shows! RATHER
l'd boring reality TV shows!
L i s t e n i n g : Part 2 - Sentence completion :
Get ready: fashion E x a m practice

Lístening P a r t 2 : £,Xdm 11Ji

approaching the task
Read the sentences carefully before you listen. They will
give you clues about the topics you are going to hear.
Predict the kind of Information you need to listen for,
for example, a number, a place, a job.
If you find a recording difficult, don't panic! Stay calm
and keep listening. Remember, you don't need to
understand every word to answer the questions.

Read the Exam tip and the sentences in the exam task
below. Which of the following are definitely going to be
discussed on the programme?
Sylvie's lite now Q
Sylvie's opinión of someone Q
Sylvie's love of reality TV shows Q
Sylvie's clothes
Sylvie's emotions

2.2 You will hear an interview with a woman

(||^ Imagine you are going on a long train journey and have
called Sylvie Brand, who appeared on the televisión
to sit next to one of the people in photos A-D above.
show Fashion Fix. For questions 1-10, complete the
Who would you choose and why?
sentences.
^1 With a partner, complete the table with the words in the
list. Add as many other words as you can.
A Reality TV Makeover
baggy bangle casual colourful conservative
denim designer labe! earrings fitted flip-flops 1 Sylvie is weahng a for the interview.
high heeis hippyish hoodie leather patterned 2 Sylvie usually prefers to wear jeans, and
pendant piercing ring sandals scruffy smart
a smart top.
suit trendy unconventional woollen
3 Kenji worked as the on Fashion Fix.

Clothes baseball cap>... 4 Sylvie now considers Kenji to be one of her

Footwear {antíe / kmee-high) boofs,. 5 Kenji contacted Sylvie approximately

Jeweilery weeks after the show.
^echlace, bracelef, -
6 Kenji and Sylvie have met each other at concerts
Fit / Design / Material
adjectives
•plain, fi'ght, coffoh,... and
7 The show's counsellor arranged for Sylvie to
investígate a pretend
8 During the 'mystery evening', Sylvie played the role
^1 With a partner, describe the people in the photos and of a
answer the questions.
9 On her first day on the show, Sylvie visited a
1 What do you like / dislike about their style? make-up artist, a style consultant and a
2 What do you think the people's clothes tell you about
10 Sylvie is currently teaching at a
their lives and personalities?

This... really suits / doesn't suit him.

Her ...matches /doesn't match her...
His clothes fít / don 't fít him well.
1 think her image is a bit like I nothing like mine!
Iimagine he's /she's...
How do you think that shows like Fashion Fix change
people's lives? Do they always change them for the

0
W o r d b o o s t I • Fashion • W o r k b o o k p. 10 better? Discuss your ¡deas with a partner.
 )••• •
S p e a k i n g : Parí 2 - Long turn )••• •

How important do you think personal appearance is to these people?

mm

Look at photos A and B. D i s c u s s questions 1-3 with a partner.

1 Why do you think the people are dressed like t h i s ?
2 Are there any situations in which you would change your usual style?
3 Do you think that the clothes you w e a r can affect the way people think about y o u ? How?

Y o u a r e going to hear a student comparing photos A and B and s a y i n g how important he thinks
personal a p p e a r a n c e is to t h e s e people. B e f o r e y o u listen, look at the ideas below and complete
the diagram with a partner. C a n you add a n y more i d e a s ?

Photo A Both photos Photo B

-
haviin0 fi^m
K^f J w t f t g - f ü r r - smartiy dressed
making an effort rebellious
on a date wants to make an impression ]
unconventional style looks nervous /
image is important

2.3 L i s t e n to a student taiking about the photos. Does he include any of y o u r i d e a s ?

Exam practice ^Ijl Work with a partner. S t u d e n t A look at the photos on

page 1 4 9 . S t u d e n t B look at the photos on page 151.
Speakingr Part 2: £.Xam U¡
1 Draw a diagram like the one in Activity 2. Spend
preparing to speak
a minute trying to write as many similarities and
T h e r e a r e t w o p a r t s to a P a r t 2 t a s k : y o u m u s t
differences as possible.
c o m p a r e the photos and a n s w e r the question.
2 When you have finished, look at your notes and
Don't j u s t d e s c r i b e one photo, then the other - t r y to
underline the best ideas.
talk about both photos t o g e t h e r right f r o m t h e s t a r t .
If y o u don't know a word for something in the photo, 2.4 L i s t e n to the i n s t r u c t i o n s and t a k e it in t u r n s to
don't panic! Think of a n o t h e r w a y of describing it, or d e s c r i b e your photos. L i s t e n to your p a r t n e r and write
m o v e onto something else. down the main similarities you hear. How m a n y did your
partner include?
W o r d b u i l d i n g : people )••• • •
(••• • •

Compound adjectives P h r a s a l verbs (1): relationships

1^ Look at the s t o r y of R o s a and Matteo's relationship.

IPI^ In groups, re ad the T V show titles and decide w h a t y o u
T h e n form t w o p h r a s a l v e r b s to go with e a c h picture.
think the s h o w s will be about. Which show would y o u
most / least like to w a t c h ? W h y ?
1 T h e worid's most self-obsessed celebrities
2 Exposed: the two-faced liar who deceived us all
away
3 How to be worid-famous in six months 1 get...--
-on
4 Cold-blooded murder in Hollywood 2 go...
out
^1 R e a d the explanation and underline the compound
a d j e c t i v e s in A c t i v i t y 1.

Compound adjectives
out
A compound adjective is formed from two or more 3 fall...
for
words, often connected with a hyphen (-). For ex a m p l e , 4 spiit...
up
oíd + fashioned = oid-fashioned.

Language sutnmary • p. 157

Match 1-5 to A - E . Which compound a d j e c t i v e s d e s c r i b e

appearance and which d e s c r i b e personality? What a r e back together
5 make,
the opposites of t h e s e w o r d s ? up
6 get...
out
1 A prejudiced person is often narrow
2 He's a very well
3 Many Mediterranean people are dark
4 l'm quite thick
5 She's a ve ry caring and warm

A -hearted person. down

7 settle.
B -haired, with brown or black eyes. up
8 bring .,
C -skinned. I rarely get offended. for
D -dressed man. He always looks smart.
E -minded and intolerant.

Imagine that R o s a and Matteo a r e a f a m o u s c el e b r i t y

couple. Write a paragraph about who t h e y a r e , w h a t i(Q^ Which p h r a s a l v e r b s c a n go before with + s o m e o n e ?
t h e y a r e like, and w h y t h e y a r e in the n e w s . Include at
least five compound a d j e c t i v e s . Write the s t o r y from A c t i v i t y 5 . U s e p h r a s a l v e r b s 1-8.

Rosa andMaffeo are bofh famous for being... 1 Rosa and Matteo goton reallij well together.

Language summary • p.l57

i R o s a and Matteo are in the n e w s a g a i n ! In groups,

decide w h e t h e r t h e y a r e a ) getting divorced or
b) having another baby. Divide into t w o t e a m s :

Reporters: think of five questions to ask Rosa and

Matteo. Include at least five different Ítems of vocabulary
from this page.
R o s a and Matteo: Decide what to tell the Press. What
happened? How are you feeling? What do you think abou
each o t h e r ? What are you going to do n e x t ?

Q sAhcot rout your role plays. When you h a v e finished, write a

t s u m m a r y to publish on Celebrity! w e b s i t e .

0 W o r d b o o s t I • W b r k b o o k p. 77
R e a d i n g a n d U s e o f E n g l i s h : Part 1 - Multiple-choice cloze ' *^

G e t r e a d y : extreme adjectives

Work with a partner. Talk about your m e m o r a b l e e v e n t

I R e a d s e n t e n c e s A and B. T h e n a n s w e r the questions.
A I was surprised that the celebrities had spiit up! r
B I was a s t o n i s h e d that the celebrities had spIit up!
1 Which adjective is more ' e x t r e m e ' ? (= strong)
2 Which adjective(s) could follow the adverbs
a) absolutely, b) very or c) really?
for one minute, using a s m a n y e x t r e m e a d j e c t i v e s a s
possible. L i s t e n to your p a r t n e r and count t h e a d j e c t i v e s
you hear. Whose description w a s the most ' e x t r e m e ' ?
I • Extreme adjectives • Workbook p. 11
Word boo

I Work with a p a r t n e r and m a k e pairs of normal and

e x t r e m e a d j e c t i v e s . C a n y o u think of any other p a i r s ?

amazing angry attractive bad ,-bfg~ crowded

devastated dirty exhausted filthy funny furious
good gorgeous hideous hilarious tjuge- packed Exani practice
scared terrible terrified tired ugly upset

normal extreme
R e a d i n g a n d Use of E n g l i s h EKB.m tí
P a r t 1 : reading for gist
bi0 hi/i0e R e a d the t e x t first to u n d e r s t a n d t h e main topic
For e a c h gap, look at al! of the options and think about
Imagine you a r e a celebrity. Choos e a m em or ab l e e v e n t . e a c h word in c o n t e x t . Don't j u s t pick the first word
Make notes about w h a t happened and how you felt. w h i c h s e e m s to fit! ,. -ÍM».,.

• the premiere of your film

• your biggest-ever concert
R e a d the t e x t in the e x a m t a s k quickiy, ignoring the
• your first T V a p p e a r a n c e
gaps. What a r e the a u t h o r ' s main c r i t i c i s m s of ce l e b r i ty
• a celebrity wedding
g o s s i p ? Do y o u a g r e e ?

Complete the e x a m t a s k .

For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.

Celebrity gossip
Newspapers, magazines and websites are absolutely (0) BéCKED
with photos of the stars - often unflattering
ones of them in embarrassing situations, or looking (1) after a long night out. Celebrities, (2)
the badly-behaved ones, regularly get more media coverage than many politicians. It seems we're (3) by
scandal, eager to know who is going out with whom, whose marriage has just fallen apart, and who's been having
problems. Thanks to the public's (4) for gossip, 'exclusive' shots of stars like Britney Spears and Cristiano
Ronaldo can fetch a paparazzo $500,000 each!
Celebrities complain that money-hungry reporters and photographers follow them everywhere they go, often
(5) great personal distress. In response, celebrity hunters argüe that famous people shouldn't be so
(6) Instead, they should accept their loss of privacy as the (7) of wealth and success. But have
things gone too far? Do we really have a 'right' to read about stars having a mental breakdown, or to see pictures of them
looking devastated after they've (8) up with their husband or wife? There seems to be a fine line between
curiosity and cruelty.

0 A tight B crowded C busy Cp' packedT)

1 A terrific B terrified C terrible D terrorised
2 A peculiarly B especially c remarkably D occasionally
3 A interested B keen c fascinated D fond
4 A hunger B wish c love D want
5 A making B causing c beginning D resulting
6 A hard-working B badly-behaved c cold-hearted D thin-skinned
7 A valué B price c worth D charge
8 A divided B cut c torn D spiit

¡.{25
 /V\Lj ms-pmfioy):j. K- Ron/lmg :
Prepare
Discuss photos A - C with a partner. Whein I lAjas Ljoi^iigei' I Msed fo hate reading, but
1 How could these people inspire om -person chainqed vnij affi'htde completelij. That ^
others? pe^'so^^ ÍAJCISj.K- Ron/1mg, whose amazinq HarrLj
2 Which person do you find tlie Pofter movéis are loved bij millioms. J
most inspiring? W l i y ?
Whij isJ. K. Ron/1img si^chimpirafion forme?
I fihd her personal hisforij almostas impressive as
Analyse the task herfascinafi'ng sfvríes. Wheri she sfarted njritingj
^ Quickiy read the article on the right, which a she ñas a single mofher, sfri^gglíng fv bring i^p a
student wrote for Part 2 of the Writing Paper. babij daiAghter alone. Manij pi^blishers rejected _
1 Why did tlie student write about the woman herfirstnovel, butshe didn'tgive i^p. Thanks fo heri
in the photo? hard njorkanddeterminafi'onJ.K. Ron/ling is nonj
2 What has the woman inspired the student a best'Selling ai^fhor
todo? TodaijJ.K. Ron/ling confi'nnes fo provide a posifive
How does the writer make the article more role model forherfans. Bven fhoi^gh she's a
interesting? Tick the ideas which he / she uses celebrifij, she's never vain orarrogant In fact
(one is incorrect), and find an example of each. she's a verij caring person njho does a lofof
uses a mixture of formal and informal charifij n/ork.
language Q She has depnitelij made a big impacton yne. Not
includes questions Q oniij do I non/ love reading, bi^fPve been inspired fo
gives reasons for opinions Q sfudij literafure ati/tniversifij. Matjbe one daij
uses linkers to connect ideas Q
ril even n/rife mg own books> instead ofjmt
gives examples Q
reading fheml
includes a range of adjectives Q

0
I m p r o v e y o u r wiriting: R e a d y to w r i t e !
punctuation and spelling
It is important to u s e c o r r e c t punctuation in a
writing t a s k . Write s e n t e n c e s 1-6 mth the c o r r e c t
punctuation. Witli a partner, d i s c u s s w h y y o u had
to m a k e e a c h c h a n g e .
1 in my opinión this actors best role was captain
jack sparrow
2 its true that hes the oniy footballer to have won
three worid cup medals
3 what was the ñame of the director who made
moulin rouge and the great gatsby
4 shes a colombian singar whose most famous song
is whenever wherever
5 i think he writes the simpsons cartoons doesnt he
6 this a c t r e s s has got beautiful long brown hair and
used to be married to tom cruise
D i s c u s s who y o u think the people in A c t i v i t y 4 a r e
and how they might inspire people. C h e c k your
a n s w e r s on page 1 4 9 .
í A l w a y s c h e c k your work! Look at t h e s e s e n t e n c e s
from t h r e e s t u d e n t s ' work and c o r r e c t the
mistakes.
becaiAse
1 inspired by Cieorcje Cloon€y-b€ms^€ W r i t i n g P a r t 2: an article
c¿kkvip¿kicjnsjÉ>#remfly-hA.rd to protect the
eiovirouwent.
Check ijoiAr spellmg!
2 Attiie-begtrtcng-o-fthe jewcg-, this
Mtór \Ñ(LS jpeai^ -iweenfoi'iable.
Use a dicfíomnj!
3 I 'm j^ifHHlng- aboot some-one, ^^jhoser
m t j ^bigesi" inspira-tion - mtj -teacher 1
I look. -Fofu)afd iro her lesson^., a s
Corr-ectthis!
You have seen this advertisement in an international
magazine.
INSPIRING PEOPLE
Tell US about a person who has influenced your plans
for the future.
We will publish the most interesting articles next month.
Write your article in 140-190 words.
R e a d the t a s k above, then choose a p e r s o n to d e s c r i b e .
C h o o s e one of t h e following:
1 a celebrity, hero, or other famous person.
2 someone you know well, for example, a teacher or
a relative.
B r a i n s t o r m a s m a n y ideas a s you c a n about your
person, using t h e s e headings to help y o u .
personality achievements your opinión
D i s c u s s your ideas with a partner and decide on t h e s i x
most important ideas to include in your article.
Exam tw
Write a title that gives the main idea.
T r y to involve t h e r e a d e r . Y o u c a n a d d r e s s him / her
directly (/'m sure you'll agree that...) or a s k one or two
questions (Have you heard...?).
Make your a r t i c l e more interesting by including a
range of language, e.g. a d j e c t i v e s and a d v e r b s , p h r a s a l
v e r b s , coliocations, r e l a t i v e c l a u s e s , linkers or one or
t w o idioms.
Give personal opinions and give r e a s o n s or e x a m p l e s
to support y o u r v i e w s .
Think of a suitable s t a r t and finish for your a r t i c l e -
don't j u s t stop writing!
% f -:ÍB • page 170
R e a d the Exam tip and look again at t h e article on
page 2 5 . Decide how y o u a r e going to organize y o u r
Ideas into p a r a g r a p h s .
Paragmph I: ihfrodi/ce the -persotn...
Write y o u r a r t i c l e , making it a s interesting a s possible.
S w a p your a r t i c l e with y o u r partner. Look at the
c h e c k i l s t on page 170 and s u g g e s t a n y c o r r e c t i o n s
y o u think would be useful.
27
Ontarget? lli « « « < «

Unit 2 Units 1-2

Join the sentences using a relative clause. You may need Write the correct form of the verbs.
to change the order of the sentences or place one sentence
0 l've always wanted ( m e e t ) Nelson Mándela.
inside another.
fo meet
0 E//e is the world's best-selling fashion magazine. It was founded 1 A t the moment, the stars (wear) Versace.
in France. 2 You're just in time! The X-Facfor
Elle, which was foi^hded m Fmmce, is the world's best-sellmg (not begin) yet.
3 My sister ( r a r e l y / b u y ) designen labels.
fashíom magazine.
4 The singer kept ( t r y ) t o become famous.
1 Salma Hayek wore a gorgeous dress. It was made of silk. 5 Leonardo da Vinel once (draw) plans f o r
2 Gabriela Mistral is a poet f rom Chile. She was the f irst a helicopter.
Latin-American t o win the Nobel Prize. 6 Modeis need t o practise (walk) confidently
3 I met my hero Pelé. I'll never forget that time. down the catwaik.
4 Liv Tyier is an actress. Her father is the Aerosmith singer,
Steve TyIer. Complete the text with the correct words.
5 Román Polanski directed the film The Ninth Cate. His wife aiso
starred in it.
6 Pablo Picasso was born in Málaga. It is aiso the birthplace of :
Antonio Banderas.
7 The Prada fashion label began in Milán. An annual Fashion Week
is now held in the city.
8 Graceland used t o be Elvis's home. It's now a museum.
9 Bob Marley died in 1981. He's a famous reggae songwriter.

Complete the text wlth words from the unit.

Gabrielle 'Coco' Chanel ( i s s s 1971)

was a (1) w -f fashion designar
who was named one of Time magazine's top
100 'people of the twentieth century'. She
is remembered for popularising a sporty,
(2) c 1 style, and for freeing women Complete the sentences. Use the adjective
from uncomfortable, tightly (3) f d form of the words in the list.
corsets. She also helped malíe new líinds
arrogance greed like
of beauty acceptable. Fashionable
protect -styte- tire
society had preferred pale-skinned,
curvy, long-haired women, but the I think Nicole Kidman's v e r y .
(4) e c, unconventional Chanel She always looks good.
was (5) t , very (6) s and He's very , so he finds it easy
to make friends.
had short hair. I n her personal Ufe, she
Simón Cowell's so . He always
was very ( 7 ) h -w and
thinks he's right!
determined - but not always honest! She Mydad'svery .Hewantsto
made up stories about her early life, perhaps keepussafe.
partly to disguise the fact that she'd been 4 Fashion Week is very _ .. There's
(8) b u _ in poverty. A fiery so much t o see and do!
5 She's so - she's eaten all of
personality, Chanel could be absolutely
the chocolates!
(9) f s with people who annoyed
- her, and sometimes (10) f o__ Prepare a one-minute talk about a friend
with rivals. Her life has attracted or member of your family. Describe their
appearance, style and personality, and say
controversy, but her reputation as a
how you feel about him / her. Then give your
style icón is assured.
taiks with a partner. What are the t h r e e most
interesting things your partner tells you?

28
 Topic v o c a b u l a r y : travel • geography and climate
• accident and emergency
G r a m m a x : narrative tenses • comparative Imkers
Word b u i l d i n g : comparatives and superlatives
• verb patterns (2) • easüy-confused nouns
W i i t i n g : a report • linkers (2)
E x a m preparation: Readmg and Use of English
Parts 1, 2 and 7 • Listemng Part 3 • Speaking Part 3
• WntmgPart2

Travel
With a partner, discuss photos A - E . What might people
4|l Imagine t h a t one half of t h e class are t r a v e l a g e n t s and
enjoy about these holidays? Which Wmd of holiday wouid
t h e o t h e r half are t o u r i s t s . Follow t h e i n s t r u c t i o n s .
y o u p r e f e r ? Why?

1^ 3.1 Listen t o t h r e e speakers taiking about holidays. T r a v e l a g e n t s : Work with a partner to design a new
For each speaker, decide which of t h e activities in holiday package that will appeal to students in your
photos A-E t h e y wouid probably iike t o do: class. Consider the following ideas:
1 the most. 2 the least. • l o c a t i o n (e.g. beach / city / countryside)
• a c c o m m o d a t i o n (e.g. campsite / villa / hotel)
»m 3.1 Complete these sentences f r o m t h e recording.
• a c t i v i t i e s (e.g. day trips / evening e n t e r t a i n m e n t )
Then listen again and check your answers.
T o u r i s t s : Work with a partner and decide what
1 When I do get a couple of d a y s , I want to
your ideal holiday wouid be. Think about location,
make t h e of t h e m .
accommodation and activities.
2 I don't mind s a v i n g f o r something special.
3 lusuallygo sporty h o l i d a y s .
4 If you s e t early, you can often get a really i j ^ Now follow t h e s e i n s t r u c t i o n s .
good place.
5 I don't think we're really m i s s i n g . T o u r i s t s : Visit each pair of travel agents and find out
6 Holidays are all about l e a v i n g my worries . about the holidays. Choose one of the holidays to go on.
7 They're always desperate to f i t as much as
T r a v e l a g e n t s : Try to sell your holiday.
possible before they head to the airport.

ftliailWggB • Travel • Workbook p. 16 Gk Which holiday package was t h e most popular? Why?
R e a d i n g a n d U s e o f E n g l i s h : Part 7 - Múltiple matching

< ^ Look at photos 1-4. How dangerous do y o u think t h e s e Y o u a r e going to read a webpage on which four people
a c t i v i t i e s a r e ? With a partner, order the a c t i v i t i e s from have r e v i e w e d their holiday e x p e r i e n c e s . F o r q u e s t i o n s
t h e most to the least d a n g e r o u s . 1-15, c h o o s e from the r e v i e w e r s (A-D). The r e v i e w e r s
m a y be c h o s e n more than once.

c
Which reviewer mentions
1 planning to go back to the place they visited?
2 doing something they had been wanting to try
c
3
for a while?
not being allowed to do something?
c
4 wishing they'd been able to do other things on
the trip?
5 feeling concerned about an aspect of someone's
c
leadership?
6 that their review is incomplete?
c
7 that they will never forget this trip?

c
8 not having been adequateíy advised on what
to expect on the trip?
9 having a positive experience of their holiday
c
accommodation?
10 not having sufficient skills to do something?
c
11 travelling a very long way on the trip? c
12 being impressed by someone's e x p e r t i s e ? c
13 becoming unweil on holiday? c
14 reading about the trip before travelling? c
15 travelling through a variety of landscapes? •
Vocabulary i n context:
geography and climate
R e a d the r e v i e w s again and find w o r d s which m e a n :
1 thick wood in a hot part of the worid (review A).
2 small hills of sand Crew'ew B j .
3 valley with steep sides and a river running through it
W h a t ' s the most a d v e n t u r o u s thing y o u ' v e e v e r d o n e ? (review B).
Tell your p a r t n e r . 4 the sides of a hill or mountain; inclines (review C).
5 large mass of ice freWew C).
Quickiy read the r e v i e w s A - D on page 31 and m a t c h the 6 top of a mountain (review C).
people to the photos in A c t i v i t y 1. Who feIt generally
In groups, look at the w e a t h e r w o r d s in boid in the
positive about their e x p e r i e n c e ? Who feIt less p o s i t i v e ?
r e v i e w s . For e a c h w o r d , decide w h e t h e r it:
1 is a noun, verb or adjective.
E x a m practice 2 relates most closely to a) temperature,
b) wet weather, c) windy weather or d) ley weather.
R e a d i n g a n d Use of English Exam tip Work in groups. Y o u a r e going to appear on a t r a v e l
l?art 7 i reading for speciñc informaüon
p r o g r a m m e taiking about your c o u n t r y . Consider:
A f t e r you h a v e r e a d through t h e t e x t or t e x t s for gist:
r e a d the q u e s t i o n s and underline the k e y w o r d s . 1 what you are going to say about your country's
read the t e x t again c a r e f u l l y to find Information t h a t a) geography and b) climate.
r e l a t e s to e a c h question. 2 what kind of information tourists would be most
interested in.
think about s y n o n y m s and p a r a p h r a s e s - the w o r d s in
the question will not m a t c h the t e x t e x a c t i y .
P r e s e n t y o u r ideas to the c l a s s . Whose p r o g r a m m e do
y o u think would be m o s t useful for t o u r i s t s ?
R e a d the e x a m t a s k questions in A c t i v i t y 5 c a r e f u l l y
i • G e o g r a p h y a n d climate • W o r k b o o k p. 16

0
and underline the key w o r d s . Word bQost

A Jacek Costa Rica Wildlife Expedition
Never again! In the whole three months I was there, it
must have poured every single day. It isn't much fun
wearing soaking wet clothes all day, and especially
not when you're trying to get to sleep. I know that the
word Va/nforest' should have given me a clue, but I felt
that the holiday literature did not give an adequate
warning of what to expect. As a result, many of us
(including me!) arrived without all the right gear or
equipment for a jungle expedition, and the attitude
of the tour leader was pretty unsympathetic. What's
more, her rather relaxed attitude to safety did little for
my peace of mind. Much of the wildlife there is deadly
Costa Rica poisonous, but we were given very little advice on how
Wildlife to protect ourselves. I used to lie awake in my tiny tent
all night, petrified of spiders and convinced Fd got all
Expedition kinds of infectious diseases! All in all, I would rate the
trip as two stars - the forests were beautiful, but the
organisation was poor.
B Lucy Moroccan Off-road Safart
The Safari is more than a holiday - it's an experience
that will stay with me for a üfetime. The tour began
in Marrakech, where my family and I met our guide,
Azef, and were given the keys to our specially-built
off-road vehicle. We travelled across dunes and rocks
from dawn to dusk, enjoying some very generous local
hospitality at night. The desert was simply breathtaking,
although the contrast between the scorching daytime
temperatures and night-time frost did take some
getting used to. After a few days, we were glad to feel a
light breeze in the mountains, although we did have a
bit of a hiccup on the second day when Dad managed to
MOROCCAN i get U S completely stuck in a gorge! Fortunately as well
as being a wonderfully informative guide, Azef turned
SAFARI I out to be a brilliant mechanic too, and - much to our
astonishment - soon had us out of the river. Despite
our little accident, we all enjoyed ourselves hugely
The ever-changing scenery was spectacular, and the
local expertise was invaluable. I would wholeheartedly
recommend this trip to anyone looking for something a
bit 'diíTerent'.
O groups. Agree on one of the holidays above to
The website has a Yate this review' feature. Readers
can vote on whether they found a particular review
very helpful. quite helpful or not helpful. With a partner
agree a rating for each review. Give reasons for your '
opinions. '
ONLINE TODAY:
four travellers review their holiday experiences
Yara Trek Kilimanjaro
Like many amateurs, Fd heard the descriptions
of 'gentle slopes' and 'mild climate' on the travel
programmes and romantically assumed that
climbing Kilimanjaro would be all about the great
views. I soon found out that it would also require
higher levéis of strength and ability than I possessed.
Kilimanjaro may have températe weather at its
base, but as we got closer to the top of the volcano
we encountered huge, forbidding glaciers, and my
breath froze on my face. Disappointingly for me, I
never made it to the summit. I suífered dizziness as
a result of climbing at such high altitudes, and my
^2^h^y|^^|¿¿J expedition leader refused to let me climb any further.
At the time, I was extremely upset and even angry
about this, and felt like Fd wasted my money But the
tour company offered me half price off a return chmb
next year, which is pretty generous of them. So watch
this space - FU let you know how it goes!
D Andrea Storm Chasers USA
Fd been saving for this holiday for the last five years,
and it didn't disappoint. We saw giant hailstones,
almost the size of golf balls, and stood in the
downpour of three big thunderstorms. But the best
experience carne on the last day, actually when we
were heading back to the airport. Fd seen tornadoes
on T V before, but nothing really compares to the
sheer thrill - and terror - you experience when you
feel one blow past, ripping up fences and buildings
just metras away from you. Fd rate this hohday as
four stars - the tour guides were great, and the
extreme weather itself was beyond brilliant. But I
did get a bit fed up with the mini-van, especially
StdmCHflSIRS when it was hot and humid outside. It would have
been nice to get out more, instead of just going
from one uncomfortable motel to another. We
covered huge stretches of country every day, with
no chance to fit in any normaF holiday activities,
like sightseeing or shopping.
go on together. Explain your decisión to the rest of the
class. Which holiday was the most popular? Why?
/Ve always dreamed about + -ing...
... would be a holiday oía lifetime.
¡ couldn'tput up with the... weather.
... sounds / doesn't sound like fun to me.
tSSBíi (31)
 ••• •
••• •
••• •
)••• •
G r a m m a r : narrative tenses!

Read t h e f i r s t lines f r o m some English novéis. With Complete t h e t e x t w i t h t h e c o r r e c t f o r m of t h e verbs in

a partner, decide which Une, A - D , you find t h e m o s t bold. S o m e t i m e s m o r e than one answer is possible.
i n t e r e s t i n g and why.

^ I t was a bright cold day i n A p r i l , and the docks

The name's
Fleming...
were striking thirteen.
(George OrweII, 1984)
latí Fleming
Before lan Fleming
(O Jmíl^^ w r i t e ) his
^ Dr lannis had enjoyed a satisfactory day in wliicli nene of
famous James Bond novéis,
his patíents had died or got worse.
he (1 already /
(Louis de Berniéres, Captain Corelli's Mandolín) ? lead) quite an exciting ufe.
After he (2 finish)
school, he (3 travel)
Last night I dreamt I went to Manderley again.' round the world and

(Daphne du ivlaurier, Rebecca) 1 (4 ^ make) a living

as a journalist and banker. While he (5 work)
as an intelligence officer during World War I!, he
° James B o n d , w i t h t w o double bourbons mside h i m ,
(6 meet) many real-life spies! He
sat in the final departure lounge of Mianni Airport a n d
(7 invent) the James Bond character while he
thought about Ufe and death. (8 live) in a villa in Jamaica, inspired by his
dan Fleming, Coldfinger) |
wife, Anne, w h o (9 encourage) h i m to write
novéis for years. Fleming (10 ñame) his hero
after the author of one of the books he (11 read)
1^ Work w i t h a partner. Complete t h e rules w i t h t h e
at the time - Birás o/the West Iridies by James Bond!
c o r r e c t tenses. Then decide w h a t t h e tenses in boid in
A c t i v i t y 1 are, and w h y t h e w r i t e r used t h e m . Sales of the Bond novéis (12 leap) w h e n the
American president, J. F Kennedy (13
r e c o t n m e n d ) t h e m in 1961. Unfortunately lan Fleming,
Narrative tenses
ihk. who (14 d r i n k ) heavily for many years,
Tense Used for (15 die) of a heart attack in 1964, but not
1 the main events in a story; descriptions. before he (16 w r i t e ) twelve James Bond novéis.
It al! began a year ago, on a dark and stormy night.

background events in a story; actions which
happened before another past action.
A Ak (NOW)
Wtien fhe tiero had leñ, fhe villain stole f/ie jeweis.
actions which were happening before or which
were interrupted by another past action.
r— '—•
* NOW)
We'd been waiking for hours before we found water.
Write y o u r own f i r s t line of a novel! Complete t h e
sentences. Use each n a r r a t i v e t e n s e at least once.
1 When James Bond arrived at t h e party, he ...
2 An amazing thing happened while I...
3 The day before she robbed t h e bank, Rosa ...
4 All night long, t h e detective ...
5 As soon as he saw her, he ...
6 For three whole weeks, the spy, Felipe ...
• •ujgij.m.iiim

setting the scene in a story; temporary situations. 1^ Work in groups. Choose one of t h e f i r s t lines you w r o t e
The sun was shining. It was a beautiful day for an in A c t i v i t y 4 and w r i t e it on a piece of paper. Then
follow t h e i n s t r u c t i o n s .

•
adventure.
actions which were interrupted by another past 1 Give your story to t h e person on your left.
action. 2 Read t h e line you've been given and write the next
sentence in t h e story.
(NOW) 3 Continué steps 1 and 2 until each story is six
While we were sieeping, something terrible happened. sentences long.
4 Read your story t o the rest of the group. Vote f o r t h e
3 • P- 158 best one.

0
R e a d í n g a n d U s e o f E n g l i s h : Part 2 - Open cloze

G e t r e a d y : so, such, too, enough

Read visitors' comments on a new go-karting track. Who liked the
experience? Dees go-karting appeal to you? Why? / Why not?
O the
Imagine that you have just stayed at
Ice Hotel in the photo. Write six
comments on your experience, including
so /such I I was so excited that I went round twenty times! these words.
such a We liad such fun we recommended it to our friends.
We had such a good time I didn't want it to end. enough not enough so such
such a(n) too
too The track was too dangerous. I feit very unsafe.
G r a m m a r boost • so, such, too, enough
enough There were enough thrilis to keep everyone happy. • Workbookp. 19
iviy kids loved it, but one ride was enough for me!

4 not... enough
The karts weren't fast enough for adults.
There wasn't enough information about what to do.

Match the words and phrases in the tabie 1-4 in Activity 1 to the
definitions in the list. Which of the expressions in boid do we use to
express a criticism?

not as much as is necessary describing cause and effect

more than is necessary as much as is necessary

Look at the table again. Then work in groups and answer the questions.
1 What's the difference between the way we use so, such and such al
2 Where can we put the word enough in a sentence? Reading and ExaiTl Up
Use o f E n g l i s h
P a r t 2: part of speech
Think about what kind of word is missing
from the gap, e.g. verb form, noun,
article, preposition, linker.
Exam practice
If you add a verb form, make sure that it
Read the exam task quickiy, ignoring the gaps. What can you do in agrees with its subject, e.g. he has been.
Darwin? Which dangerous animáis are mentioned in the text?

Complete the exam task.

For questions 1-8, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use oniy one word in each gap.
There is an example at the beginning (0).
Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS.

Croe shock!
(0) !f. theme parks and action films aren't exciting (1) for you, why not try something a littie more
extreme? Since 2008, thrill-seekers (2) been travelling down to 'Crocasaurus Cove' in Darwin, Australia,
where they can try the latest craze - swimming with crocodiles! Getting in a pen with crocodiles is far (3)
dangerous to attempt without protection, so visitors are lowered under water in a see-through cage. Crocodiles are
(4) strong that the walls of the cage had to be made 145 millimetres thick! This experience is not for the
faint-hearted - crocodiles have attacked the cage several (5) and you can see their teeth marks on the
sides. But for many people, it's an adventure of a lifetime. According to Elisa Delgado, 18, 'l've never been so terrified
in my life! But it was (6) a thrill that l'm going to come back again next year.'
Adrenalin junkies who want to get cióse (7) dangerous wild animáis can aiso try diving with sharks, petting
poisonous snakes, or going (8) safari with lions and rhinos.

33 I
 ••••
••••
L i s t e n i n g r : Part 3 - Múltiple matching
••••
••••
••••
G e t r e a d y : accident and emergency E x a m practice
1^ Look at illustrations A - D . Which person or people do you think
is facing the most s e r i o u s p r o b i e m ? W h y ?
L i s t e n i n g P a r t 3: ExaUCL típ
listening twice
If y o u c a n ' t a n s w e r a question t h e first time
y o u listen, don't panic! L e a v e it blank and
c o m e back to it later. Don't stop listening, or
you'll m i s s t h e a n s w e r s to other q u e s t i o n s .
L i s t e n again carefully. T h i s t i m e , m a k e s u r e
y o u w r i t e an a n s w e r for ail of the q u e s t i o n s .

m^ 3.2 Y o u will hear five people taiking about

a time w h e n something w e n t wrong. F o r
questions 1-5, choose f r o m the list ( A - H ) the
r e a s o n e a c h s p e a k e r g i v e s . U s e the l e t t e r s
oniy once. T h e r e a r e t h r e e e x t r a l e t t e r s which
y o u do not need to u s e .

Speaker 1 Q Speaker 2 Q Speaker 3Q

Speaker 4 Q Speaker 5 Q

A being over-confident
B not listening to someone's advice
C not doing enough r e s e a r c h
D arguing with their companions
E losing something
F taking the wrong equipment
G taking unwise advice
H not staying calm

M.ujaji.iij.ut»

O Imagine y o u had a similar e x p e r i e n c e to one of

t h e s p e a k e r s in the recording! Choose a s t o r y
and m a k e notes about t h e following:

9 Work in groups. Match eight of the v e r b p h r a s e s in t h e list to

pictures A - D in A c t i v i t y 1. Write s e n t e n c e s to d e s c r i b e w h a t ' s
• background (place, people, etc.).
• the main actions (what happened?).
• feelings (at the time / a f t e r w a r d s ) .
happening in e a c h illustration.
With a partner, follow the i n s t r u c t i o n s for
attack bite break down catch fire
S t u d e n t s A and B. T h e n s w a p roles.
crash Inte somethlng feel sick get lost get stuck
hurtoneself run a temperature run out of something important Student A: Y o u are telling your story on
slip on somethlng sting the radio. Make it as interesting as possible
by using a range of language, including
extreme adjectives.
Waich out! get + p a s t p a r t i c |
Student B: Y o u ' r e a radio presenter who
In sonne English expressions we use get + past participle instead of finds Student A ' s story absolutely fascinating!
a reflexive verb to talk about something we do to ourselves. Respond using ideas from the box.
'Why are you late?' 'We got lost!' (NOT W o lost ourselves!')
Useful expressions

O What do y o u think happened to the people in p i c t u r e s A - D ? With

a partner, think of suitable endings to e a c h s t o r y .
Really? Idon't believe it! No! Wow!
That's absolutely terrible / quite incredible!
Howscary / amazing! (How + adjectivej

O C o m p a r e your s t o r i e s with another pair. Which of their s t o r i e s

had the most exciting ending?
What íun / a nightmare! (What + noun^
That's the most... story Vve ever heard.

Word faoost • Accident and emergency • Workbook p. 16

 •

S p e a k i n g r : Part 3 - CoUaborative task :

Read the advertisement for Adventure Park.

Which attraction would you want to visit the most / least? Why?

Come t o /kdMcnturG Par

antí a c t i v i t i e s bring
atÉventure t o ^

your Ufe! Á * ' ' ^ ' v^^^

^ net-e a r e j u s t s a m e o f t h e attractíons w e offer: \

ifflw climbii
elimbing w a l l paintbalUng c e n t r e í
- ^ _ b i g - s c r e e n cinema w a v e p o o t l

3.3 Listen to two students taiking about the adventure Speaking Part 3: Exam tip
park. In what order do they discuss the attractíons? understanding the task ^
Which two attractíons do they agree to visit? Discuss the first question, which you will both hear i
and read. Talk about all the written prompts. í
' 3.3 Wjth a partner, complete the table with the After two minutes, the examiner will stop you and ask *
expressions for organising a discussion. Can you add you a second question. You will have one minute to
any more ideas? Listen and tick (V) the expressions reach a decisión.
you hear. Take it in turns to speak. Ask for your partner's opinión
and respond to what he / she says.
Let's start with ... Me neither. Me too. Remember, there is no 'right' answer to the questions.
Let's talk about... first. Neither do I. You will get marks for the way you answer the task,
OK, have we decided which ... ? So do I. not for your opinions.
Sounds good to me! We need to make a decisión.
First of al!, let's ... Tosumup,...

Starting a
discussion acrobatic

Agreeing or
disagreeing

Trying to reach
a conclusión
What risks do
people take in
these Jobs?
Exam practíce ^ ^

Work in groups of four (two pairs). Take it in turns to do

the exam task on the right.
Speaking pair: Do the task, using expressions from
Activity 3.
Listening pair: Imagine you are examiners. Time the
students who are speaking and stop them after two
minutes. Then ask them to discuss the second question
and stop them after one minute. Did they answer both
questions? Did they talk to each other? Which Job is the most dangerous?
 )••• •
)••• •
Word b u i l d i n g : places and travel

Comparatives a n d superlatives
With a partner, g u e s s t h e c o r r e c t a n s w e r s to t h e quiz. ' R e a d t h e s e n t e n c e below. Which part tells us about
C h e c k your a n s w e r s on page 1 5 0 . the cause of s o m e t h i n g , and which part tells us
about t h e result?
The further we waiked, the more tired we became.
What i s it?
i Complete t h e s e n t e n c e s , then add one s e n t e n c e of
This is the largest desert of all, J
your o w n . Explain your ideas to your p a r t n e r .
covering 9,100,000 km^. |
1 T h e eider I b e c o m e , . . .
This very common insect is almos! as
2 T h e more mistakes I m a k e , . . .
deadly as the mosquito, causing millions
3 the more frightened I get!
of fatalities. It can jump much higher than
most other insects! Language summary • p. 158
The second-longest river is not quite as
longastheNile,butit'stwiceaslongas ^
Verb p a t t e r n s ( 2 ) :
the Rio Grande.
gerund orinfinitive with a change in meaning
Many sports are j u s t as enjoyable as this,
but this is by far the most popular sport S o m e v e r b s c a n be followed by a gerund or an
in the world! infinitive. T h e gerund or infinitive c h a n g e s t h e
meaning of the v e r b . What does remember mean in
these sentences?

1 I will always remember visiting my friend in the USA.

Complete the table with the expressions in boid in A c t i v i t y 1.
2 I must remember to write and thank her.

A remember something that needs done in the future

exactly as + adjedive /adverb + as
B remember a past action

With a partner, w r i t e t h e c o r r e c t f o r m of t h e v e r b s
in bold. T r y to explain t h e difference in meaning
the s a m e between red verb + gerund and red verb + infinitive.
1 We stopped (drive) when we realised we were lost.
• nearly + adjedive / adverb + as
We stopped (ask) directions at a petrol station.
•a b i t / a l i t t i e / s l i g h t i y +
comparative + than 2 T h e crew tried (salí) the Pacific, but it was too hard.
Next year, they're going to try (use) a bigger boat.
3 11! never forget (see) the rare tree frog in the forest.
small difference: I wish I hadn't forgotten (bring) my c a m e r a !

' far / a lot + comparative + than 4 Even though she w a s tired, she went on (climb).
She went on (become) a worid-famous climber.
' easily + superlative

Language summary • p. 158

big difference CJ2SII

Y o u a r e going to i n t e r v i e w y o u r p a r t n e r about s o m e
Complete t h e s e c o n d s e n t e n c e so it h a s a similar meaning of their most m e m o r a b l e e x p e r i e n c e s . Write five
to t h e first s e n t e n c e , using t h e word g i v e n . q u e s t i o n s , including t h e p r o m p t s .
1 All other mountains are much smaller EASILY
than E v e r e s t . the most forgotten (+ infinitive)
tried ( + g e r u n d ) better furthest
Everest in the world.
2 T h e villa and the chalet a r e exactly the same size. AS
Whafs the mostdisgiisfi'mg fhing ijOM've
The chalet the villa. evereatem?
3 l'd never been on such a bad holiday before. EVER
It w a s the been on. 1 ^ Asl< and a n s w e r y o u r questions with a p a r t n e r .
Which a n s w e r did y o u find t h e most s u r p r i s i n g ?
4 Karachi is less crowded than the beach. NOT
Karachi the beach. Woxd b o o s t ¡•Workbookp. 78

0
C e t r e a d y : easily-confused nouns
Some nouns have very similar meanings. Complete the sentences with the words in the lists.

nature scenery view 1 We enjoyed the variad mountain .

2 I like getting cióse to on long waiks.
3 T h e r e ' s a wonderful of the sea from here.

beach coast shores 4 T h e y live on the east

of A m e r i c a .
5 S h e liked to fish on the ofthelake.
6 i love sunbathing on the .

journey travel trip way 7 We're going on a long next week.

8 Air can be expensive.
9 What'sthequickest. ^ to London from h e r e ?
10 We're going on a weekend . to the beach.

W o r d b o o s t I • E a s i l y - c o n f u s e d nouns • W o r k b o o k p. 17

Exam Practice
R e a d i n g a n d Use of E n g l i s h Exam tip
Read the exam task, ignoring the gaps. P a r t 1 : eliminating options HH ^
What does the text tell us about:
For each gap, elimínate the options you know are wrong in the context.
1 a town called B u s a n ? 2 pizza? Some words belong with other words, e.g. interested in; go on a trip.
Some words have similar but not identical meanings. For example, foresf
^ Complete the exam task. and wood both refer to áreas where trees grow, but a foresf is bigger
than a ivoocf.

For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.

It's a record!
In 1955, the first ever (0) ^PJU.Q.t^.... of The Guinness Book of Records w a s published. Enthralled readers learned
about the worid's (1) ocean (the Pacific - approximately 4,300 metres to the bottom) or the biggest birds
on (2) (ostriches). The book, which later became known a s Guinness World Records, (3) on
to become a huge s u c c e s s . In modern editions, more s p a c e is devoted to human (4) some of which seem
quite bizarre! For example, in 2008, people in the Korean seaside town of Busan set a record for opening the greatest
number of paraseis on a sandy (5) !
All Guinness records have to be provable. You might think the top of a particular mountain gives the most spectacular
(6) in the worid, but this is opinión, not fact, and would not be permitted as a record. The Guinness team take
their roles a s judges very (7) Every year, employees make long (8) around the worId to observe
and a s s e s s record-breaking attempts so that oniy accurate information is recorded - from the duration of the longest ride
on a lawn mower (260 days), to the width of the biggest pizza (over 37 metres in diameter!).

0 A copy B story edition D number

1 A deepest B tallest C lowest D farthest
2 A planet B globe C Earth D worId
3 A moved B carried c kept D went
4 A results B awards c merits D achievements
5 A beach B shore c bay D coast
6 A scenery B sight c landscape D view
7 A importantly B strongly c seriously D heavily
8 A traveis B ways c routes D journeys

3
Prepare
Discuss photos A-D with a partner.
1 What are the people doing?
2 Why do you think they are doing it?
3 How do you think they are feeling?
Aitalyse t h e task
Quickiy read the report on the right and
match it to ene of the photos A-D.
Read the text again and answer the
questions with a partner.
1 What tenses does the writer use?
2 Why doesn't the writer use oniy the
past simple?
Underwater Ironing: Report for Records Commíttee
Introduction
The record for the most people ironing together underwater has
been held since 2011 by a group of 173 Dutch divers.
Yesterday, I acted as an official witness during a British attempt
to beat this record. Divers had to register for the event in advance.
By the closing date one week ago, 191 people had signed up.
Yesterday's event
When I arrived at the lake, I saw a large number of divers already
waiting. First, I checked the ñames of those present. Then,
after inspecting the diving equipment, I confirmed that each
participant had an iron, a board and clothes to press. A short while
later, the challenge began. As soon as everyone was underwater, I
started my stopwatch. After ten minutes, the divers were allowed
to emerge from the lake. They were laughing and joking as they
were given hot drinks. They had clearly enjoyed the experience.
Conclusión
Although the event was in many ways a success, it was not
possible to accept it as record-breaking as, in the end, only 172
divers had participated.
I m p r o v e y o u r w r i t i n g : linkers (2): time
Q When y o u are w r i t i n g a report, or any t y p e of
t e x t describing an event, t r y t o use a range of
t i m e linkers.
1 Work with a partner and find examples of time
linkers in the report on page 3 8 .
Paragmph A: sii^ce
2 How many more time linkers can you think of in
3 0 seconds?
H e a i d y te» w r l t e !
You have just returned from a stay at a new hotel. You
found the hotel very disappointing. The travel agent who
organised your visit has asked you to write a report giving
details of your stay and recommending whether the agency
should use the hotel in future.
Write your report in 140-190 words.

^ Time linkers o f t e n help us t o u n d e r s t a n d t h e order Read t h e task above and b r a i n s t o r m some ideas for y o u r
of events. Look at these sentences f r o m t h e r e p o r t r e p o r t . Think about t h e following questions:
on page 3 8 and answer t h e questions.
1 What basic background information do you need
to give?
• Yesterday, I acted as an ofñcial witness during
2 What problems did you experience?
a British attempt to beat this record.
3 How did the problems make you feel?
• By the closing date one week age, 191 people 4 Have there been any consequences?
had signed up.
5 What recommendation will you conclude with?
• They were laughing and joking as they were
given hot drinks. Look at t h e table below and w r i t e a paragraph plan.
Decide which i n f o r m a t i o n y o u are going t o include in each
paragraph, and in what order.
Which tense do we usually use to talk about
a) a finished event?
First paragraph • Basic background information.
b) an event which happened before another event?
c) something which was interrupted by • Account of first probiem or set
another action? of problems.
Middie paragraph(s)
Which time linkers can we use with these tenses? • Account of second probiem or
What do the linkers in the three sentences mean? set of problems.
Why are they used here? Final paragraph • Recommendation.

Complete sentences 1-6 w i t h some of the t i m e

expressions in the list. Look carefully at the tenses. '1 Read t h e Exam tip and t h e r e p o r t on page 3 8 . Then w r i t e
y o u r r e p o r t . With a partner, t a k e t u r n s t o read out what
ago a s s o o n a s during finally for since while you w r o t e . Listen t o your p a r t n e r and suggest how t h e y
could Improve t h e i r work.
1 Two w e e k s , ,, we stayed at the Dale
Hotel in Canston. add moi^e detall at ^^'r"
2 we'd arrived, the problems started. 0Íve a olear endíng
3 After we'd been waiting half an hour
in the hall, a g r u m p y receptionist appeared. W r i t i n g P a r t 2: —
4 By the time we checked in, the kitchen a report
had stopped serving dinner. Write a plan before you w r i t e . Your r e p o r t should have
5 The bar staff played music all night we a clear i n t r o d u c t i o n , middie and conclusión.
were trying to sieep. Use paragraphs and linkers t o organise your ideas.
6 The bed was so uncomfortable that I have had Try t o include a range of tenses and t i m e and
back problems ever . sequencing linkers.
Avoid using informal language.
Imagine y o u were w a t c h i n g t h e person in p h o t o B, Think about who you're w r i t i n g for. What does t h e
C or D on page 3 8 . Complete t h e sentences using reader want t o learn f r o m your r e p o r t ? How can you
y o u r o w n ideas. make your points clearly and e f f e c t i v e l y ?

1 B e f o r e ... Before heJMwpedy the man smüed

afihe ai/dience. Make any changes you wish t o your r e p o r t . Then give
2 Atfirst,... your w r i t i n g a final careful check.
3 Then,...
4 When...
5 In t h e e n d , . . .
6 Afterwards,...
7 ... had never ...
. 39
On target?

Unit 3 Units 1-3

1^ Complete the sentences with the correct form of the Choose t h e c o r r e c t a l t e r n a t i v e s t o c o m p l e t e t h e
verbs in the list. p r o v e r b s and sayings.

cook go on miss never / experlence save up 0 When a single hair has fallen f r o m your head, you are
svñk- start already / trek wait watch not yet baid / palé / s m o o t h . (Sierra Leone)
1 There are plenty of a c q u a i n t a n c e s / c o l l e a g u e s /
0 After Allce had jumped into the sea, she saínk m a t e s in t h e w o r i d , but very f e w real friends. (China)
to the b o t t o m . 2 Make sure t o get on b e s t / good / well with your
1 We t h r o u g h the jungle for days by the equals if you are going t o fall a p a r t / a w a y / o u t with
time Phil joined us. your superiors. (Cermany)
2 Whilehe . t h e nature documentary, he 3 J o u r n e y / T r a v e l / T r i p broadens the mind. (Britain)
noticed an unusual bird. 4 You never meet your m o t h e r - b y / in / w i t h - l a w on the
3 When the coach finally arrived, we day that you are good / f a i r / well-dressed. (America)
for hours! 5 A w o m a n gets 30 percent of her beauty f r o m
4 The car broke down on the m o t o r w a y , so we v i e w / s c e n e r y / n a t u r e and 70 percent f r o m
our flight. make-on / o u t / up. (Ciiina)
5 At this time yesterday, I lunch on the
campfire. Complete t h e t e x t w i t h t h e c o r r e c t f o r m of t h e
6 By the time we got t o the festival, t h e headline band words in bold.
playing.
7 We a fantastic package tour t o Greece
three years ago.
8 She all year, and she had nearly got
enough money for a holiday.
9 Until last winter, I freezing cold
temperatures.

Complete the sentences with words from the lists. For

questions 4 - 6 , write the correct form of the verb.

Comparisons

easily just nearly slightiy

0 My week in France was jl^Sf as much f u n as the

week in the UK.
1 This is the greatest distance that l've ever
travelled.
2 This campsite i s . __ as good as the hotel. All it
needs is a pool!
3 The train takes _ J o n g e r t h a n the bus.

Verbs + gerund / ínfinitíve

bring warn go

4 Oh no! l've f o r g o t t e n __________ my camera!

5 I tried her about the danger, but she
didn't listen.
6 We've stopped on holiday abroad - it's t o o
expensive.

Choose the correct alternatives, and complete the

sentences with your ideas.
0 I usually go / s e t off for this class a t . . . 7.OOjSfra¡0ht

1 If I could have a day a w a y / off next week, I would ...

2 If your car s t o p s / r u n s out of fuel, you shouid ...
What do you think the main challenges would be of
3 ril never forget seeing / t o see ...
living alone in the wilderness? How well do you think
4 You can really hurt y o u / y o u r s e l f if you ...
you would cope?

0
 Topic vocabulary: environment • time • animáis
Granunar: füture forms • other uses of the gerund
and infinitive
Word building: determinéis • plirasal verbs (2)
• noun suffixes
Writing: an essay • linkers (3)
Exam preparation: Reading and Use of English
, . Parts 3, 4 and 6 ® Listening Part 4 • Speaüng Par
• WritmgPart 1

The hoítest
summer
on record!

Baby Mei Mei born

in captivity
¿WHAT A W A S ^
Environment
Work with a partner. iviatch these extracts from news stories 1-3 to the Work in groups. Imagine you are the editors
headlines A-C. Then complete the extracts with words from the lists. of a national newspaper. Discuss stories 1-3
and choose one to put on the front page.
dumps litter recycle throw
Useful language
1 The govemment is facing a crisis as rubbish (1). . reach the hmit f
... would be myñrst choice, because ...
of their capacity. Local authorities may soon be unable to coUect household
To me,... is more dramatic / shocking.
waste or clear up (2) from the streets as there will be nowhere This photo will make more oí an impact.
to store it. Experts wam that we must reuse and (3) more of the ;~
materials we (4) away as a matter of urgent priority. , 4.1 How green are you? For each
statement, do you agree (/) or disagree (X)?
change emissions fumes heatwave warming Listen to Fabio and note down his opinions.
How do you compare?
2 Millions are sttffering in the worst (5). . ever recorded.
1 I recycle glass and paper. Q
Scientists argüe that this is direct evidence of global (6)
2 I always switch off the lights when
Unless we do more to reduce carbón (7) and other
I leave a room. Q
pollution from industry and car exhaust (8), , climate
3 I walk, cycle or use publIc transport
(9) loóles set to worsen. wheneverI can. Q
4 I oniy buy things which are essential. Q
conservation endangered extinction habitat wild
Word boost • Environment • Workbook p. 22
A Chínese zoo celebrated the new arrival yesterday of a Giant Panda,
one of the world's most (10) species. In the (11) , • •UJJIJ.IIJ.UI»
the panda is in danger of (12) . More money needs to be
spent on (13) to prevent its natural (14) from With a partner, discuss this statement:
being destroyed by farming and housing development. 'It's our planet - we should all take care of it.'
• -itms- 1• - lili 1 - . -
R e a d i n g r a n d U s e o f E n g l í s l i : Part 6 - Gapped text

Six sentences have been removed from the article.

Choose from the sentences A-G the one which fits each
gap (1-6). There is one extra sentence which you do not
need to use.
From 1991 until its closure in 2001, the record was held
by the Fresh Kills Landfill, near New York City!
There is still no real solution to the probiem.
Even this small gesture could help save wiidlife.
Every year, we créate more than 1.5 billion tonnes
of waste.
Discuss photos A and B with a partner.
In the past, most manufactured goods were
1 To what extent do you think that photos A and B are
biodegradable, so waste eventually disappeared.
connected?
2 Why do you think the probiem in photo B is so big? If that happens, the consequences for marine
How can we prevent it from getting worse? ecosystems could be devastating.
This is because around 9 0 % of the waste is plástic,
Useful expressions which is a highiy toxic material.
This happens because of...
One of the effects of... is... V o c a b u l a r y i n c o n t e x t : time
Thisleadsto...
Another factor is... | | | ^ We use different verbs to talk about time. With a
partner, match definitions a-d to the verbs in boid in the
What do you think the man is doing in the photo on page article. Then complete sentences 1-4 with these verbs.
4 3 ? Why do you think he is doing this? Quickiy read the a go by b continué
article and check your answer. c use time d need an amount of time
1 The writer is going t o , . a few weeks at sea.
Exam practice 2 The smell of rubbish can for weeks!

Exam tip 1
3 Severa! years have since the European
R e a d i n g a n d Use of E n g l i s h Space Agency began working in Tenerife.
P a r t 6: ñnding cJues i 4 It may many years for us to clear up the
Look for clues in the extracted sentences to help you Great Pacific Garbage Patch.
decide how to complete the text. Think about: 9
pronouns like wtiich, ttiis, he or it which might refer to iQf Read the article again and underline five expressions
a person, idea or thing in the text just before a gap. which include the word time. Which expressions mean:
synonyms (words with the same meaning to those in for the present? 2 a useless activity?
the text), e.g. solution = answer. occasionally? 4 having a break?
words with a topic connection, e.g. if a sentence it is necessary to wait
includes the word marine, it might be useful to look for to find out something?
words like ocean or sea in the text.
Word boost • Time • Workbook p. 22
Throwing our future a w a y ?
~'th James is a leading researcher for 'What a Waste', an intemational study ofwaste and its global impact.
M y f a m i l y often teases me for h a v i n g such a
'rubbish' job (get it?), and at times, I almost
agree. As part of m y research, I have s p e n t days
w a d i n g t h r o u g h rotting food a n d other deeply
unpleasant items. Once, I h a d to visit a n overflowing
underground sewer. Several days p a s s e d before I
could w a s h the stench out of m y hair!
So w h y do I do w h a t I do? Well, I strongly believe
that waste is one of the greatest e n v i r o n m e n t a l
problems facing us today. It m i g h t surprise y o u to
learn that the largest man-made structure ever built
is not the Great W a l l of C h i n a . 1 T h i s rubbish
d u m p grew to be 12 kilometres wide, and 25 metres
higher t h a n the Statue of Liberty. Shockingly, this
is o n i y the biggest collection of rubbish ever to be
established on land.
Next m o n t h , I ' m taking some time out f r o m m y
studies i n order to go sailing i n the Pacific Ocean. But
don't feel jealous - I ' m going there to fish for litter!
Between H a w a i i and C a l i f o r n i a there ñoats a n island
of rubbish w h i c h is bigger t h a n Spain. For the time
being, this 'island' is h e l d together by swirling ocean
currents, but scientists are concerned that it m a y
eventually spread throughout the Pacific.
By the end of m y m o n t h at sea I ' I I have
transported several boatloads of this disgusting mess
back to shore. Afterwards, I ' l l be w o r k i n g w i t h a team
of other scientists to sort through it, before disposing
of it more safely. It w i l l be a depressing task, but not, I
hope, a waste of time.
According to the U N E n v i r o n m e n t Programme,
ocean refuse kills more t h a n a m i l l i o n seabirds a n d
100,000 animáis annually, a n d poisons m a n y more.
O n l y time w i l l tell w h a t the long-term effects
of this p o l l u t i o n m i g h t be. However, all meat a n d
fish eaters are potentially at risk, as the poisons i n the
refuse w i l l eventually be passed along the food c h a i n .
The problem of waste is undoubtedly v e r y serious,
but changing people's attitudes is p r o v i n g difficult.
We are l i v i n g today i n a t h r o w a w a y society.
Depressingly, this figure is still growing. We've
covered the planet i n rubbish dumps, a n d we've
even managed to pollute the rest of the solar system!
According to the European Space Agency i n Tenerife,
there are currently more t h a n 600,000 pieces of
rubbish orbiting the globe. M a n y are fragments of
oíd satellites, but ESA researchers have also f o u n d
tools, pens a n d even C D s , a l l discarded by u n t i d y
astronauts. If aliens ever do decide to visit Planet
Earth, t h e y ' l l have to navigate through a lot of litter
to get here!
W h e t h e r o n l a n d , i n the oceans or i n space, the
problem of rubbish has developed into a crisis i n
recent years. | 6 | | But m a n y modern items w i l l
not break d o w n . Plástic objects m a y t a k e thousands
of years to degrade, and electrical goods can l a s t for
thousands more. However, this d i m state of affairs
could have a rosier future. I f we all w o r k together, w e
can make a real difference. You don't need to be a
scientist to help. O n l y buy w h a t y o u need, reuse a n d
recycle w h e n y o u can, a n d t h i n k carefuUy before y o u
t h r o w a n y t h i n g away. You might just save the planet!
Over to y o u
Work with a partner. Write a 5 0 - 1 0 0 word dialogue
between a researciier at tlie E S A and a repórter
interested in the E S A ' s worl< (see paragraph 6 in the
article). Inciude at least three time expressions from
Activity 5.
Find another pair and take it in turns to perform your
dialogues. The pair who is listening should decide:
1 which of the time expressions they hear.
2 whether they think they were used correctiy.
•^43
G r a m m a r : future f o r m s

Imagining the future is difficult! R e a d predictions
A - G . Why do you think people said or published t h e s e
s t a t e m e n t s ? Which m i s t a k e do y o u think is the w o r s t ?
A By 1 9 8 5 , . . . air pollution will h a v e r e d u c e d the ...
sunlight reaching the E a r t h by one half.
(Life magazine, 1970)
B Titanic salís from New York April 2 0 .
(1912 advertisement. T h e Titanic sank on April 15)
C It doesn't matter what he dees, he wlll never a m o u n t
to anything. (Albert Einstein's teacher, 1895)
D W e ' r e g e t t i n g married on September 14th.
(Announcement of J e n n i f e r Lopez's and Ben Affieck's
wedding, 2 0 0 3 . Days later the wedding was called off.)
E Computers in the future m a y w e l g h no more than 1.5
tons. (Popular Meclianics magazine, 1949)
F By 2 0 0 0 , . . . machines wlll be producing so much that
everyone in the US will... be independently wealthy.
(Time magazine, 1966)
G T h e sky looks clear. It seems it's golng t o be fine
tomorrow. ( L o c a l radio, May 2 2 , 1 9 9 9 . T h e next day, a
record-breaking tornado blew across Okiahoma, USA.)
Complete the opinions of what life will be like in the next
millennium by choosing the correct alternatives. Then
write your own posting, using three different future forms.
ish.com/discussion/future
instead of train stations, w e (1) 'II b e h a v i n g /
'II h a v e rocket stations! T h e timetables (2) will s a y
/ will h a v e s a i d things ¡ike 'the next rocket to Mars
(3) l e a v e s / might l e a v e at 7:00.' By the way, cool
website - I ( 4 ) ' m h a v i n g / 'II h a v e s o m a friends
round tonight so w e c a n add more ¡deas together!
Selena
B e c a u s e of global warming, the climate ( 5 ) i s
going to b e / is being scorching hot. After the
water ( 6 ) will dry / h a s dried up, we'll have big
problems. A thousand years from now, I think w e
( 7 ) e x p e r i e n c e / will b e e x p e h e n c i n g a woridwide
drought. © Jacek

Match the v e r b s in boid in A c t i v i t y 1 to the future f o r m s I think that by the year 3 0 0 0 scientists ( 8 ) will h a v e
in the list. Then complete the rules with the future forms. i n v e n t a d / will invent cures for many of today's

future continuous diseases. It's impossible to be certain, but there

present continuous I
future perfect W present simple I (9) will / m a y not even be any ¡llnesses at all! By the
going to future wiil future I time that (10) will h a p p e n / h a p p e n s , maybe we'll
may / miglit / could have found a way of avoiding oíd age too! © Danny

Future forms
C o m p a r e y o u r postings in groups. Is e a c h person
, for timetabled events.
mainly optimistic or p e s s i m i s t i c about the f u t u r e ?
. for general predictions and f a c t s ,
and decisions made at the moment of speaking.
Over to y o u
for planned future actions and
predictions based on evidence.
R e a d this first line f r o m a s t o r y . What do you think
for fixed future arrangements. ' s o m e t h i n g ' could b e ? B r a i n s t o r m ideas in groups.

for future actions in progress at a 'Tomorrow, something tiappens thiat will

particular time or over a period of time. change our lives forever.'

for actions completed before a IDEAS

particular time in the future.
enmmemtal crisis {-poUi^fion? m moire elecfricihj?)
when we are not sure about the
scienft'sfs amoiAiice amazJin^ imemfiom (i^jhat?)
future.
herosaves the phioet! (^ho^ how?)
Laii0ixage s u m m a r y • p. 189
mfuml disaster (heafwave? flood? eaírfhqmks^)
Watch ouí! t i m e l i n k e r s
We often use present tenses, especially the present In your group, choose your best idea f r o m A c t i v i t y 5
simple, to talk about the future in clauses after a time and write the r e s t of the s t o r y . Write 80-120 w o r d s ,
linker (e.g. affer, as soon as, wlien, until). using a v a r i e t y of future f o r m s .
Ttie situation won't improve until we stop (NOT
will stop) polluting ttie planet. i Q l T e l l your s t o r i e s to the c l a s s . T h e n vote on which s t o r y

0
w a s a) the most imaginative and b) the most believable!
R e a d i n g a n d U s e o f E n g l i s l i : Part 4 - K e y word transformation 11

C e t r e a d y : other uses of the gerund and the infinitive

I Read the text. Do you believe it is

ever possible to predict the future? Would you r a t h e r k n o w w h a t i s Nevertheless, fortune tellers and
Why? / Why not? going to happen to you, or astrologists w a n t to make
simply wait and let destiny U S believe t h a t they c a n
I Look at the verb forms in boid in
take i t s course? M a n y sea things w h i c h are
the text in Activity 1. With a partner,
people are desperate to h i d d e n to the r e s t of
complete the table with the ideas
in the list. Can you add any other l e a r n w h a t the future U S . However, i f these
ideas? holds. Unfortunately, 'mystics' were really
predicting t h e future as good at predicting
after an adjective is notoriously difficult! the future a s they
after a preposition It u s u a l l y takes a lot claim, surely they w o u l d
after make + object of r e s e a r c h - a n d l u c k - to a l l have w o n the lottery
-after/o^ i objoct— predict the future correctly. by now?!
after would rather
after modal verbs
as a noun gerund (-/ng form) infinitive without fo
infinitive with to
to express purpose

Crammar boost • Other u s e s of the g e r u n d a n d the infinitiva • W o r k b o o k p. 26

Exam practice
R e a d i n g a n d U s e of E n g l i s h Exam tip!
P a r t 4 : thinking about language
Complete the exam task.
This paper tests all kinds of language, but common áreas include: verb tenses,
gerunds and infinitives, phrasal verbs, linkers, collocations and key grammatical .
structures such as modal verbs, conditionals, passive, reported speech. i
Remember, you may need to change both the grammar and the vocabulary. |

For questions 1-6, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word
given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. Write
oniy the missing words in CAPITAL LETTERS.
0 After we've prepared our equipment, we'll begin our trip to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. SETTING
We'll prepare our equipment ^.M.Q.E-3..S.WJM.'>¡?..Q.f:F.. for the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

1 Reaching the Great Pacific Garbage Patch ¡nvolves a four-hour journey. TAKES
It the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.
2 The protest march will be starting shortiy, so you need to hurry. ABOUT
The protest march so you need to hurry.
3 There's no point in trying to olean up the ocean, as the task is too big. WASTE
Trying to clean up the ocean , as the task is too big.
4 The Greenpeace activist had the respect of all the other campaigners. UP
All the other campaigners the Greenpeace campaigner.
5 Looking after the environment is everyone's responsibility. CARE
It is everyone's responsibility the environment.
6 We expect temperatures to increase every year. GO
We think that every year.
L i s t e n i n g : Part 4 - Múltiple cholee : t
C e t r e a d y : animáis E x a m piractice

Work with a partner and t r y t o c o m p l e t e t h e quiz. Then Lístening P a r t 4: EXBZtl típ

check your answers on page 150. H o w well did y o u d o ? listening to a long text
Did y o u learn a n y t h i n g n e w ?
Listening t o a long t e x t can be difficult. T o make it feasier:
r e a d t h e r u b r i c a n d t h e q u e s t i o n s c a r e f u l l y befare you
listen and underline a n y k e y words.
listen and choose t h e best options. Don't waste tim e
writing long notes.
d o n ' t p a n i c if y o u c a n ' t a n s w e r a q u e s t i o n i m m e d l a t e l y .
Keep listening and move on t o t h e next question.
Easy (1 point each) when you've heard t h e recording twice, choose an
1 This animal has got eight legs and catches its a n s w e r f o r e v e r y q u e s t i o n , e v e n if y o u still a r e n ' t s u r e .

prey in a web.
mifi 4 . 2 Y o u w i l l h e a r a n i n t e r v i e w w i t h a c o n s e r v a t i o n i s t ,
2 This strange mammal carries its young in a
Eddie S c h e r b a u m , w h o taiks a b o u t his w o r k w i t h
pouch and is very good at jumping. a n i m á i s . F o r q u e s t i o n s 1-7, c h o o s e t h e b e s t a n s w e r ( A ,
B o r C).
Harder (2 points each)
1 What c o n c e r n does Eddie have a b o u t c o n s e r v a t i o n ?
3 This pretty fiying insect usuaily feeds on flowers
A H e t h i n k s it is a d e p r e s s i n g f i e i d t o w o r k i n .
and can taste with its feet. B He wishes progress w o u l d h a p p e n m o r e quickiy.
4 This rare animal has become endangered in the C He feeis b a d because he can oniy save a
few animáis.
wild, where it uves on a diet consisting of 95% 1
bamboo plants. 2 W h a t d o e s E d d i e t h i n k is c u r r e n t l y t h e b i g g e s t r e a s o n
for animal extinctions?
5 This huge bird can run at speeds of up to 70 km/h A loss o f h a b i t a t
to escape from predators, but oniy has a tiny B ¡Ilegal h u n t i n g
brain. Its brain is smaller than ene of its own eyes! C climate changa

Very hard (3 points each) 3 W h a t does Eddie say a b o u t f a m o u s people?

A They recognise that animáis are good f o r
6 This large and highiy dangerous snake breeds their image.
underwater. Unusually for a reptile, it gives birth B T h e y should d o m o r e t o help e n v i r o n m e n t a l issues.
to live offspring instead of laying eggs. C M a n y o f t h e m a r e g e n u i n e l y i n t e r e s t e d in
conservation.
7 This grey animal became Australia's biggest pest
4 H o w does Eddie feel a b o u t w o r k i n g w i t h animáis?
after it was set free there by settiers in the 1800s,
A He w o u l d prefer t o w o r k indoors.
It destroyed the habitats of many native species, B H e e n j o y s e v e r y m o m e n t h e is a t w o r k .
which became extinct as a result. C He a d m i t s t h e y can be difficult t o w o r k w i t h .

8 This common but very unpopular insect can 5 W h y d o e s n ' t Eddie have a f a v o u r i t e a n i m a l ?
survíve for up to nine days without its head! A He does n o t wish t o be u n f a i r in a n y w a y .
B He does n o t feel f o n d of a n y particular species.
C He believes t h a t all o f t h e m a r e e q u a l l y a p p e a l i n g .

C h o o s e f o u r o f t h e w o r d s a n d e x p r e s s i o n s i n boid f r o m 6 W h a t d o e s E d d i e t h i n k o f t h e w a l d r a p p ¡bis?
Activity 1 andwrite definitions. Then swap your answers A It ¡ s n ' t v e r y l i k e a b l e .
with a partner and correct each other's work. B It's really u n a t t r a c t i v e .
C It l a c k s ¡ n t e i l l g e n c e .
A mi^e aioinjal is one which is Mtverij coivyyioh.
7 W h i c h k i n d o f a n i m a l is E d d i e g o i n g t o w o r k w i t h f o r h i s
next project?
In g r o u p s , w r i t e s i x m o r e a n i m a l q u i z q u e s t i o n s ( i n c l u d e
A a worm
easy, harder and v e r y hard questions). Include at least
B a frog
s i x o f t h e w o r d s i n boid f r o m A c t i v i t y 1.
C a gorilla

Find a n o t h e r g r o u p a n d t a k e t u r n s t o ask a n d a n s w e r
questions. Which t e a m aret h e 'animal experts'?

Word boost • Animáis • W o r k b o o k p. 22 Should w e t r y t o save all e n d a n g e r e d animáis, o r should

0
we allow some species t o become extinct? Why?
 ) • • • •
••• > • • • •
••«
••<
1 • • • •
S p e a k i n g : Part 2 - L o n g turn » •
k • •
•
•
•
•
•

mmé

W h y a r e t h e s e p e o p l e doing t h e s e t h i n g s ?

I Look at the photos a b o v e . With a partner, d i s c u s s the E x a m practice

question above the photos. Think of a s m a n y ideas a s
you can.
O 4 . 4 Work with a partner. S t u d e n t A look at the
photos below. S t u d e n t B look at the photos on page 151.
I ««I 4 . 3 L i s t e n to t h e i n s t r u c t i o n s and to a s t u d e n t ' s
1 Listen to the instructions and complete the task.
r e s p o n s e . DId A k i k o u s e any of your i d e a s ? Do y o u think
2 Listen carefully while your partner is speaking. Y o u wil
she did the t a s k well or b a d l y ? W h y ?
need to a n s w e r a question about their photos!

\k at t h e s e e x p r e s s i o n s f r om A k i k o ' s t a s k . With a Tell your partner:

partner, decide w h i c h d e s c r i b e things that a r e the s a m e
1 how well you think they did and why.
( S ) and which d e s c r i b e things that a r e not t h e s a m e ( D ) .
2 which comparative expressions you heard them use.
Can y o u think of a n y other e x p r e s s i o n s like t h e s e ?
1 Both pictures are connected to the theme of...
• Exaitl tip
2 Both of them show ...
• S p e a k i n g P a r t 2 : comparíson
3 The main difference between the pictures is t h a t .
• DON'T w a s t e time describing e v e r y detall in e a c h photo!
4 ... are completely different.
• A n s w e r both p a r t s of the q u e s t i o n .
5 In the first picture ... but in the second picture ...
• A l w a y s talk about both photos together. Y o u will not
6 Another similarity is that...
• get high m a r k s if y o u talk about e a c h photo s e p a r a t e l y .
7 ... just as (+ adjective) as ...
• Use a v a r i e t y of e x p r e s s i o n s for making c o m p a r i s o n s .
Give r e a s o n s for your opinions and explain your ideas. .
8 ... but they look much (+ comparative)...
•
9 In contrast,...
•
10 ... ¡s probably less (+ comparative)...
•
Student A

W h a t might p e o p l e enjoy a b o u t k e e p i n g t h e s e a n i m á i s ?
W o r d b u i l d i n g : problems and solutions

Determíners: countable and uncountable nouns

Read t h e q u o t a t i o n below. In your opinión, Which of these w o r d s o r expressions can we use w i t h countable
w h a t are t h e t h r e e biggest issues facing nouns, uncountable nouns, or b o t h ? Can y o u add any m o r e ?
t h e worid t o d a y ? Compare y o u r ideas w i t h
y o u r p a r t n e r . Do y o u share any of t h e same afew a/an all of a littie -a4©^sf any each
concerns? enough every a large amount of few many
much no none of someofthe
'Humanity is facing a hu^e number of
problems for the Mure. We'U need toput in
a great deal of work to sort things out!' Countable nouns Uncountable nouns

1
Look at t h e underlined expressions in t h e
q u o t a t i o n in A c t i v i t y 1. Then answer t h e a lofof
questions w i t h a p a r t n e r .

1 Which of t h e nouns in blue is countable and

which is uncountable? Which sentence in each pair is m o r e positive? What is t h e
2 When can we use the expressions in red? difference in meaning between t h e words in boid?

1 A We've got a l i t t i e time t o save the planet, so we needn't panic.

B We've got l i t t i e time t o save t h e planet, so we need t o hurry.
2 A I have f e w worries about t h e environment. We're doing OK.
B I have a few worries about the environment. We need to do more.

Langtiage summary • p. 159

P h r a s a l v e r b s ( 2 ) : solvingproblems

Are y o u good at solving problems? Work in t e a m s of f o u r and t r y Work w i t h a p a r t n e r . Match

t o c o m p l e t e t h e quiz in t w o m i n u t e s ! Then check y o u r answers on page 150. definitions 1-6 t o six of t h e phrasal
Which questions did y o u find t h e m o s t d i f f i c u l t ? Why? v e r b s in boid in A c t i v i t y 5 . Then
w r i t e definitions or example

Two-minute quiz!
sentences f o r t h e o t h e r f o u r
phrasal v e r b s .

Take this two-minute quiz and f i n d o u t how good you are at solving 1 complete 2 investígate
problems! If you c o m e a c r o s s a question you can't answer, don't worry. 3 discover 4 continué
C a r r y o n with the rest of the quiz and c o m e b a c k to it afterwards! 5 take care of 6 return

Language summary • p. 159

f^M Someone has mixed
the letters of these
I Can you work out how to
'environment' words up! complete this series? Over to y o u
C a n you sort them out?
A B D G K P? Write y o u r o w n quiz! With a
TPLONUOLI p a r t n e r , w r i t e six questions about
HDTUGRO v o c a b u l a r y or g r a m m a r f r o m
Units 1-4. Include at least t h r e e
N O N C E T I X T I
d e t e r m i n e r s and t h r e e phrasal
CanyoufiUinthegaps? verbs.
I You are working in a conservation
Write a letter which will
team which is looking after some
complete the red verb Find a n o t h e r pair and take t u r n s
rare and very hungry frogs. Your
and start the blue verb. asking questions. The pair w i t h t h e
boss has asked you to look into the
most c o r r e c t answers wins!
problem of how to feed them all. BREE_IE
Woird b o o s t
I • W o r k b o o k p. 79
If 6 people can feed 6 frogs in CATC_IDE
6 minutes, how many people will HUN_RACK
you need to feed 60 frogs in
60 seconds?

J
 >•••••
* *
*•
R e a d i n g a n d U s e o f E n g l í s l i : Part 3 - Word formation :t «•
*>

G e t r e a d y : noun suffixes

Work in groups.
1 Complete the table with the noun form of the words in the list.
2 Add at least three more examples of your own to e a c h column.
3 Can you think of any more noun suffixes?

achieve creative criticise cruel depress excite free friend Jwppy-

11! independent please pollute race relax stupid violent

-ation -dom -ence -ion -ism -ity -ment -ness -ship -ty -ure

happiness

Choose one of the nouns in Activity 1. Write notes about what it means to you.

To me, ha-p-pÍMss means spemc^mg time iAjiih friends and famílij.

Work with a partner and take it in turns to talk for one minute about your topic. Listen carefully to your partner and
find one thing that you agree with.

KfflffffWWM • N o u n suffixes • W o r k b o o k p. 23

E x a m practico Reading a n d Use of English EX3.in tip i

Part 3: sufñxes
Read the exam task, ¡gnoring the gaps.
To change the part of speech of a word, you often need to add a suffix. i
Why does the author mention these films:
Revise common suffixes before your exam.
Blindness, Independence Day, Batman?
Look carefully at each gap and decide which part of speech
is missing.
Complete the exam task.
Choose an appropriate ending for the word.
Don't forget to think about prefixes and any other spelling
k ^ c h a n g e s too!

For questions 1-8, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some Unes to form a word that fits
in the gap in the s a m e Une. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Write your answers IN CAPITAL L E T T E R S .

T h e e n d of t h e w o r i d ?

When it comes to predicting the futura, Hollywood has got a lively (0) IMA&INATIObl.. IMAGINE

In The DayAfter Tomorrow, (1) warming causas huge devastation. Too much GLOBE
(2) from factorías and axhaust fumes creates a naw Ice Aga. W a s e a the sciantist, POLLUTE
Dr J a c k Hall, walk across (3) lakes and snow dhfts to save his son. He arrives just FREEZE
in time - but (4) there's no happy ending for planet Earth. FORTUNATE

It seems that directors take a gloomy view of the future - perhaps because it's more
(5) that way. If they aren't warning us about ciimate change, thay'ra DRAMA
concemad about our health. Films like Blindness and 28 Weeks Later imagine how a terrible
(6) might affect us. Aliens are another worry, a s The War of the Worids and ILL
Independence Day pradict - yes, they both foresee lots of fighting and (7) !

But don't despair. Hollywood is fascinated by the apocalypse, but it loves superheroes too. In VIOLENT
Batman and Spiderman, héroes find (8) to al! kinds of problems, including saving
the worid. Maybe we don't have to faal quite so daprassad about the future, after all!
SOLVE

4
 )«•• • •
••
••
W r i t i n g : Part 1 - A n essay : t >••• • •

Prepare

Look at t h e p h o t o s A - C . H o w are t h e s e people raising

m o n e y for c h a r i t y ? Can you think of any o t h e r i d e a s ?

R e a d the e x a m task below. How does the e s s a y title Here is one s t u d e n t ' s e s s a y on this subject. What
relate to t h e p h o t o s ? i n f o r m a t i o n has the s t u d e n t m i s s e d o u t ? How could this
be added to make this a b e t t e r e s s a y ?

In your English class you have been discussing

charities. Your English teacher has asked you to write
an essay for homework. I believe it is very i m p o r t a n t for e v e r y single

You will sea the essay title and some notes you have m e m b e r of society to do w h a t they can to
written below. Now write your essay using all the notes support the work of charities.
and giving reasons for your point of view. This is my firm belief because charities do a
HOMEWORK great deal to help m a k e the worid a better

Essay title place for all of us. S o m e of t h e m are devoted to

It is important to do what we can to help charities in protecting the e n v i r o n m e n t while others work for
ttieir worl< medical causes or to i m p r o v e the lives of people

Notes with social o r f a m i l y p r o b l e m s . Charities take on

m a n y of the p r o b l e m s which g o v e r n m e n t s do not
Why it's important to help charities
Helping with time and money have the funds or the resources to deal w i t h .
Your own idea The best way in which most of us can s u p p o r t
Write your essay. Write 140-190 words. the work done by charities is by donating money.
All charities require substantial s u m s of money.
It is e x p e n s i v e to c o n s e r v e the e n v i r o n m e n t and
medical research is similarly very d e m a n d i n g of
Analyse the task f u n d i n g . We all benefit from the w o r k of charities
and so we should all contribute financially to it.
R e a d the e x a m task again carefully. Imagine you are
going to write a Part 1 e s s a y and a n s w e r the q u e s t i o n s : We should all play o u r part e v e n if we are oniy
able to give a s m a l l a m o u n t .
1 How many points do you have to address in your
reply?
2 Do you need to use formal or informal language?

50
Improve your writing: R e a d y to write!
j-iirers (3): purpose, reason and result
In your English class you have been taiking about
Read sentences A - H . Then answer the questions with practical w a y s in which everyone can help protect the
a partner. environment. Your English teacher has asked you to
1 Do you agree or disagree with the s t a t e m e n t s ? W h y ? write an essay for homework.
2 Can you add any more linkers to each of the categories
You will see the essay title and some notes you have
in r e d ?
written below. Now write your essay, using all the
notes and giving reasons for your point of view.
Purpose
A I dónate money in order to help charities. HOlVIEWORK
B I believe my government must do more to help the E s s a y title
environment.
What we can do to help the environment
C Ivly whole family recycles s o a s not to créate w a s t e .
D E v e r y o n e should get rid of their cars so that we can Notes
have a greener planet. Write about:
Reason 1 What w e can do at home
E We must save al! endangered species b e c a u s e every 2 What we can do at school
animal's life is important. 3 Your own idea.
F My country is already experiencing problems Write your essay. Write 140-190 words.
b e c a u s e of climate change.

Result
G I c a r e about my worid, so I read the news e v e r y day.
Read the task. What two aspects of the topic must
H We shouldn't w a s t e electricity. Therefore we should
you write about?
oniy use computers for work, not for fun.

W r i t i n g P a r t 1: Exaitl típ
Which of the linkers in boid in Activity 5 do we use
organising your essay
before:
Try to make the organisation of your essay clear.
1 an infinitive f o r m ? Write in paragraphs.
2 a subject and a v e r b ? Make sure each paragraph has a distinct theme.
3 a noun? Use linkers to make the connections between
your themes and paragraphs clear.
^jf^ Complete the advertisement with suitable linkers from
Activity 5. Writingt r e f e r e n c e ^ p. 169

Volunteers needed (i) save turties! Read the Exam tip and look at the essay on
page 5 0 . Decide how you are going to organise
your essay.
Illegal hunting kills thousandsof turties annually,
(2) many species have become endangered.
'1 Write a plan and decide what Information you are
At our Mexican centre, we breed turties (3)
going to include in each paragraph.
populations can increase. We are looking for summer
volunteers to look after the young turties before setting
Now write your essay. Remember to use formal
them free. language and include a range of linkers. When you
have finished, look at the checkiist on page 169.
(4) . waste time travelling,
Check your essay and make any corrections.
you will both live and work near the
beach. There will be opportunities to
go surfing or diving at the weekendsl

(5) summer is our busiest time of year,

all volunteers will work hard. (6) this, the
summer programme is oniy suitable for people who are
absolutely passionate about animáis or conservation.
 ••
On target?
Utiit 4 U n i t s 1-4
1^ C omp lete the s e n t e n c e s with the c o r r e c t f or m of 1^ Complete the t e x t with t h e words in the list. T h e r e is
t h e v e r b s In boid in b r a c k e t s . one word you will not need to use.

0 By the end of the year, what ( y o u / do) to help the

a any -efrettgh- some that the too ve r y
e nvlron men t? which who whose
Bíj the ehd offhe ijear, v\¡hafwñ\ have dom fo
help fhe emvimínyyieinf?
1 It's very dark outside. T h e r e (be) a storm soon.
2 T h e r e ' s a lot of litter here. Perhaps I ( c l e a n ) it up later.
3 He's not ve ry fond of ( w o r k ) with animáis.
4 T h e bus to the nature r e s e r v e always ( l e a v e ) at 11.15.
5 At this time tomorrow, I ( i n t e r v i e w ) a famous
conservationist.
6 It's e v e r y o n e ' s responsibility ( r e c y c l e ) .
7 Many scientists think that global warming ( d e s t r o y )
the Earth.
8 I ( m e e t ) some f riends at the zoo at 2 . 0 0 tomorrow.
9 Hurry up! T h e nature documentary is about ( s t a r t ) .
For s o m e people, it i s n ' t good (O) enouah to
Comp lete the c r o s s w o r d with the c o r r e c t w o r d s .
w a l k i n s t e a d of drive, or to r e m e m b e r to r e c y c l e .
(1) environmentalists, ( 2 ) are
s o m e t i m e s c a l l e d ' e c o w a r r i o r s ' , go to e x t r e m e s to
help s a v e the planet!
Alain R o b e r t , a i s o known a s ' S p i d e r m a n ' , b e l i e v e s
t h a t modern s o c i e t y i s ( 3 ) materialistic.
To draw attention to environmental issues, he
climbs enormous buildings - without using
(4) r o p e s ! W h e n Robert climbed up the
New York T i m e s building in the U S A , ( 5 )
is a ( 6 ) tall s k y s c r a p e r , he held up a
banner protesting about global w a r m i n g .

Another famous protesten (7) ñame

is Julia 'Butterfly' Hill, s p e n t two y e a r s living up
a t r e e ! S h e didn't w a n t d e v e l o p e r s to cut down
(8) beautiful oíd f o r e s t in California.
Luckily, her protest w a s s u c c e s s f u l , a n d m o s t of
(9) forest w a s saved.

Across
2 We throw ... rubbish. ( 4 )
4 solve = ... out ( 4 )
O Y o u are going to talk for one minute on one of the
topics in the list. C h o o s e a topic, t h e n write n o t e s .
5 noun formed from stupíd (9) Think about:
8 ... dioxide;... emissions (5) 1 w h / t h i s is an important issue.
9 Cars pollute the air with ... fumes. (7) 2 whaí the main problems are.
10 rare kind of animal = endangered ... (7) 3 liow we can ¡mprove the situation in the future.
Do wn
climate change conservation pollution recycling
1 large amount of water covering an área which
should be dry ( 5 )
3 take c a r e of = look ... ( 5 ) T a k e t u r n s to give your p r e s e n t a t i o n with a partner. T h e
6 noun formed from please (8) p a r t n e r who is listening should give the p r e s e n t a t i o n
7 We're going to ... a month on the island. ( 5 ) a mark out of 10, explaining w h y !

52
 Topic v o c a b u l a r y : places advertising city life
I
SJ City space
G z a m m a r : conditionals 0-3 = conditional linkers
Word building: compound nouns a- collocations (1)
easily-confused verbs
W r i t i n g : an essay « linkers (4)
E x a m preparation: Reading and Use of English
Parts 1, 4 and 5 » Listening Part 1 " Speakmg Parts
3 and 4 • Writing Part 1

. With a partner, c o m p a r e photos A - C , and say why you

think people m i g h t choose t o Uve in each place.

Useful language
In photoAyou can see ..., while in photo B ...
One thing thesephotoshave in common is...
Unlilce photo A, photo B...
One small I major difference is that...

« i l 5.1 Listen t o t h r e e people t a i k i n g about t h e places

where t h e y live. For each of t h e speakers 1-3, answer
the questions.
1 Which place is the speaker describing: photo A, B or C?
2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of living
in each place? Write s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n s ( 2 0 - 5 0 words each) of t w o
places in y o u r área. Then c o m p a r e w i t h a p a r t n e r . Can
« m 5.1 How did t h e speakers describe each place? Listen t h e y guess which places y o u ' r e describing?
again and w r i t e t h e adjectives.
W o r d b o o s t I • Places • Workbook p. 28
Spe^l^ei" i. i^emote,...
Over to y o u
What do t h e expressions in boid mean?

1 We live in the middie of nowhere. In groups, decide w h e t h e r p h o t o A, B or C shows t h e

2 Some districts are a bit run down. best place t o live for a) t e e n a g e r s , b) y o u n g families or
3 There's a strong s e n s e of community here. c) r e t i r e d people. Give reasons f o r y o u r opinions.

R e a d i n g a n d U s e o f E n g l i s h : Part 5 - Múltiple cholee
Look at the photos A and B and discuss the questions
with a partner.
1 What are the differences between place A and place B?
2 Why do you think place B looks like this?
3 Which place do you think looks more attractive? Why?
i You are going to read an article about advertising in
different cities. Quickiy read the article on page 55 and
find out where the places in photos A and B are.
E x a m practice
R e a d i n g a n d Use of E n g l i s h ExB.Xtl tip
P a r t 5 : checking the context
Always check the context carefully!
Your answer must always be supported by evidence
in the text. It is a good idea to find and underline the |
evidence in the text before choosing your final answer.
Watch out for misleading key words in the options
(A, B, C, D). Words which aíso appear in the text may
have a different emphasis there.
••
)••• ••
Read the article again carefully. For questions 1-8,
choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits
best according to the text. Use the ideas in the Exam tip
to help you.
What is the main point of the first paragraph?
A We see more adverts than we realise.
B Many people are annoyed by televisión advertising.
C We do not pay enough attention to adverts.
D Advertising has Increased in towns and cities.
What do we learn about the writer's opinión of
advertising in Tokyo in the second paragraph?
A It lacks a personal appeal for him.
B He thinks that It is very Creative.
C It seems excessive to him.
D He thinks it is Tokyo's main attraction.
Why do advertisers see Tokyo as important?
A It sets trends which are often copied.
B Its distinctive style is popular with everyone.
C It reflects trends that are popular elsewhere.
D Its style is imitated in every city.
What does the writer mean by 'sets it apart' in line 30?
A makes it seem individual and different
B is something which visitors find very inviting
C gives it something in common with other cities
D lends it a highiy unattractive appearance
In the fourth paragraph, Roberta Calvino suggests that
A the largest adverts can usually be found in rural
áreas.
B advertising is a particularly bad probiem in Austria.
C outdoor advertising extends beyond urban áreas.
D modern adverts are continuing to grow in size.
6 What does Roberta tell us about urban advertising in
the fifth paragraph?
A It can be rather unconvincing.
B It helps US to fulfil our dreams.
C It particularly affects women.
D It can lower our self-confidence.
7 What comparison does Roberta make between urban
advertising and TV advertising?
A TV advertising is more effective in the long term.
B It is easier to ignore urban advertising.
C Urban advertising can have more ¡mpact.
D There is greater variety in urban advertising.
8 What response did the mayor get when he removed
advertising from Sao Paulo?
A The majority of prívate individuáis and commerclal
people supported him.
|
B Advertisers were willing to display fewer
advertisements in the city.
C Local artists were unsure how attractive the office
blocks would look.
D Most of the people who lived in the city welcomed
his decisión.
 ¡P" ow many adverts do you think you'U see today? 10? 30?
Astonisliingiy according to the market research firm
I Yankelovich, some of us see as manyas 2,000-5,000 adverts
a day! As well as commercial breaks, those irritating interruptions
to ourTV viewing, there are adverts allaround us. Most of the time
we're not even consciously aware of them. But think about your
town or city How many billboards does it have? What about shop
signs and posters?
Tokyo, in Japan, takes urban advertising to the extreme. Fiashing
neón [ightsand giganticoutdoorTVs blaringoutadvertisingslogans
make the city seem like something from science fiction. Although
the city temples may still lay claim to being more impressive, the
explosión of sound and colour in the commercial centre can take
your breath away Whether you find the overall effect stunning or
nightmarish is a question of personal taste. However, it would be
hard not to admire the advertisers' ingenuity Recent innovations
include interactive games projected onto walls for peopLe to play
with (all featuring a company logo, of course!). 'Smellvertising'
is also catching on - that's the idea of using pleasant smells like
chocolate to attract consumers' attention!
Innovations in Tokyo are of huge significance in the world of
advertising because where Tokyo leads, other cities soon follow.
Bigcitiesfrom NewYorkto London already haveoutdoortelevision
screens, although 'smellverts' are still relatively unusual. Although
Tokyo isfarfrom beinguniversally admired, many urban authorities
find itsapproach to advertising exciting and dynamic. Sowhat'sthe
problem?
'If every city copied Tokyo, it would be absolutely terrible!' exclaims
Roberta Calvi no of the advertising watchdoggroup, Ad Alert. A t t h e
moment,Tokyo's futuristic style sets ¡tapart. It invites our attention
even if not necessarily our appreciation because there's simply
nothing like it. But we don't need lOO poor imitations. Do you want
Vocabulary i n context: advertising
Find words and phrases in the article which mean:
l^jl Te!! your partner about adverts you've seen which you
1 adverts shown between T V programmes (paragraph 1)
2 large paneís or signs displaying advertising (paragraph 1)
3 advertising messages (paragraph 2)
4 symbol or trademarl< used by a connpany (paragraph 2)
5 shoppers (paragraph 2)
6 small advertising leaflets (paragraph 4)
7 advertising campaigns (paragraph 5)
8 product or connpany ñames (paragraph 5)
9 person who decides how a product or service should
be advertised or soid (paragraph 6)
W o r d b o o s t i • Advertising • Wbrkbook p. 28
tourists visitingyour city to notice the wonderful architecture, the
upmarket shopping boutiques or the millions of signs and flyers?
In many cities, advertising is as bad as litter or vandalism - it spoils
our environment. Go beyond the city outskirts and you'll find that
advertising is taking over the countryside, too. The world's biggest
advert was actually in a field in Austria, below the flight path to
Vienna airport. It was the size of 50 football pitchesl'
According to Roberta, advertising can also influence the way we
think and feel. Advertisers want to convince us that their products
will make us happy or successful, just like the celebrities in the
promotions. Unfortunately that's all an illusion - you can't simply
'buy' a celebrity lifestyle at the shops! Nevertheless, advertisers
work hard to get us to swallow this message. For instance, fashion
brands prefer to advertise using images of glamorously made-up
supermodels because they want 'ordinary' girls to feel inadequate
in comparison. The logic goes that the more dissatisfied we feei
with our lives, the more we'll spend to cheer ourselves up! Although
outdoor advertising may seem to make less of an immediate
impression than TV commercials, its message can have greater
forcé. If we don't want to watch a T V ad, we can turn over, or switch
off. We can't be so choosy about our surroundings.'
Or perhaps we do have a choice? In 2007, one Brazilian city
made a radical protest. Gilberto Kassab, the mayor of Sao Paulo,
ordered the removal of more than 15,000 adverts! In justification,
he condemned urban advertising in very strong terms as 'visual
pollution'. Unsurprisingly, this made many local businesses
unhappy One marketing executive argued that adverts 'are more
like works of art, hiding grey office blocks and industrial estates',
a view which had some backing from a number of the city's
residents. However, a more typical response can be summed up in
this statement from Isaura dos Santos, 19. 'If we'd known what a
difference it would make, we'd have got rid of the adverts yearsago.
Now we can see the real Sao Paulo, and it's wonderful!'
really liked / hated. Do they share your opinión? Why? /
Why not?
Do you thinl< there is too much advertising? Should any
kinds of adverts be banned or restricted? Discuss the
questions in groups, thinking about the following:
1 product promotion in films -
2 educational advertising
3 the advertising of cigarettes and alcohol
4 advertising in schools.
Grammar: conditionals 0-3

f^JP Read the advertising slogans A-D. Which did you find
the most convincing? Why?
A if cats could speak, we wouldn't need to advertise.
- Kitty Chow (pet food)
B You won't get it completely clean unless you
get itSp/e/7í/í7 clean.
- Spienda (washing powder)
c If nature h a d i n t e n d e d man to fiy,
it w o u l d h a v e g i v e n him vvings.
Complete the conditional questions with your own ideas.
Then ask and answer your questions with a partner.
What was the most interesting thing you found out?
0 What mil you (buy) bi4ij if i^o¡4 0o shoppmg
this mek ?
1 If you (go) into town this weekend,...?
2 If you (live) alone on a tropical island ...?
3 How ... your town or city (be) different if...?
4 If you (see) a really good advert...?
5 If you (be) in charge of your district...?
6 Where... you (buy) your dream house if...?

I How would things be different if situations 1-5 had

D If something s o u n d s too good to be true,
it probably i s .
- Campaign for Advertising Standards Í
^ 1 Complete the rules by matching slogans A-D in
Activity 1 to the conditional forms and their uses.
happened? Write sentences using the third conditional.
1 the government banned al! adverts last year
2 you were born ¡n New York
3 no one invented cars
4 you grew up in a remote village
5 you spent all your money at the shops yesterday

Conditionals 0-3

Conditional Usedfor... If you were in charge of your town or city, what would
zero general truths you change? Discuss your ideas in groups, using photos
A-D to help you. Agree which three things you would
first possible future actions or events change first and why.
unlikely, ¡maginary or impossible
second
present or future actions
hypothetical past actions or events
third
(things which did not happen)

Language summary ! • ? . 160

With a partner, write rules for forming conditionals 0 - 3 .

When do we use a comma to sepárate the two clauses?

Zgw; /f-f- presetnttense, preseiottense

\e what type of conditional (0-3) the sentences

below are. Complete them using the correct form of the
verbs in the iist.

be bring buy notsee spend want

1 If the company. . more money on advertising

they might have been more successful.
Shoppers can get a discount on their purchases if they
along one of these flyers.
If you a celebrity, would you be happy to
appear in advertising promotions?
You many adverts if you visit Sao Paulo!
If you to work in an advertising agency, you
need to be very creative.
. that particular brand if you

0
you
hadn't seen the advert?
 a n d U s e o f E n g l i s h : Part 4 - K e y word transfbrmation : tp

C e t r e a d y : conditional linkers

A giri is t r y i n g t o persuade her friends t o come shopping. Read w h a t her friends say by m a t c h i n g 1-6 t o A - G .
Which f r i e n d sounds t h e m o s t e n t h u s i a s t i c ?

0 i'm worl<ing today, so I can't c o m e , - A as long a s we can do something else afterwards.

1 OK, but I need t o find an umbrella first B u n l e s s my room's spotless. Right now, it's a tip!
2 Shopping is boring! We can go inte t o w n C w h e n l'm free.
3 Detihitéiy! riTmaKe i f i m o lOwn LT I Í I i.asc I 7 n i f^"'u-v.

4 Mum says I can't go out E e v e n t h o u g h l'd much rather go shopping!

5 Sorry, l'm busy. I'll let you l<now F p r o v i d i n g t h a t you buy me a coffee.
6 l'm sl<int. I'll come with you G e v e n if I have t o walk the whole way there!

Look at the linkers in bofd in A c t i v i t y 1. Which linker or Write y o u r own advertising slogans! Complete the
linkers mean: sentences w i t h your ideas. Look at a partner's slogans:
which of theirs do you think would be more effective
1 ifnot 2 but oniy if
than yours? Why?
3 because something 4 as soon as; at a particular
might happen time 1 When you use MagicWash shampoo,...
5 w h e t h e r o r n o t ('strong' 6 despite the fact that 2 As long as you brush with Minty toothpaste,...
if) 3 Unless you read What's On magazine,...
4 Always carry an X-7a//( mobile, in case ...

C r a m m a r boost ! •Conditionallinkers • Workbookp.31

Exam Practice R e a d i n g a n d Use of E n g l i s h EXBZn tip

4B Complete the exam task. P a r t 4 : key words
Look at t h e key w o r d and i d e n t i f y what kind of w o r d it is (e.g. a v e r b , a noun,
a linker). '
i - Consider how we use this kind of w o r d - t h i n k about g r a m m a r and collocations. ;

^ I

For questions 1-6, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word
given. Do not changa the w o r d given. You must use between t w o and five words, including the word given.

0 I'll get there by six if the train is on time. AS

I'll get there by six ¿S.LONOASJHETMI.N, ¡s on time.

1 Both of the villages are equally picturesque. JUST

This village that village.

2 You might want to buy something, so take your wallet with you. CASE

Take your wallet with you to buy something.

3 Please take care of your littie brother while l'm out. LOOK

1 want your littie brother while l'm out.

4 If we catch the bus, we should reach the shop before it shuts. MISS

We should reach the shop before it shuts as long the bus.

5 We visited the outdoor market despite the rainy weather. EVEN

We visited the outdoor market raining.

6 He got lost in the city because he forgot to take his map with him. LEFT

If he behind, he wouldn't have got lost in the city.

L i s t e n i n g : Part 1 - Múltiple cholee
Get r e a d y : citylife
Read these extracts from travel guides. What is unusual
about each city? Which would you most like to visit?
otorbikes are the most popular way
to get around in Ho Chi Minh City!
iVlotorcycle taxis are speedier than public
transport so fasten your helmet before you
set off! If you want to escape the congestión,
take a detour down the backstreets. You'll
find thousands of bargains on sale on
market stalls, so go on, treat yourself...
ead to Bloomington, Minnesota, for
the biggest shopping malí in the US!
With over 400 stores, from high street
ñames to designer outlets, in addition to
movie screens, fast-food diners, and even
an indoor theme park, there's always a lot
going on. Getting there is easy - visitors
can land at a local airport, or catch a train
directly to the malí!
enice is famous for culture and canals
- much of the city is accessible only
by waterways! Boasting Europe's largest
car-free zone, much of the commercial
centre is completely pedestrianised.
Visitors can admire the historie
architecture, explore the chic boutiques
or take in a gallery
Complete the table with expressions from Activity 1.
How many more ideas can you add in one minute?
traffic shopping things to do
getatc
Write a mini ( 5 0 - 8 0 word) travel guide for a town
or city near you. Compare your descriptions with a
partner. Whose sounds more exciting? Why?
Word boost I • City life • Workbook p. 28
Exant Practice
L i s t e n i n g P a r t 1: opinions Exam tip
People often use set phrases to give opinions, e.g. / think. |
Some opinions may be negative, / don't think, etc.
Watch out! Speakers do not always use set phrases,
so listen carefully!
Ü M 5.2 You will hear people talking in eight different
situations. For questions 1-8, choose the correct
answer, A, B or C.
1 On the radio, you hear a review of The UK city guide
for teenagers. Which aspect of the book disappointed
the reviewer?
A the slze of one of the sections
B the writing style of the authors
C the lack of any cultural Information
2 You hear a man talking about his journey to work.
What does he think about in the car?
A his interest in nature
B having a country home
C plans for the rest of his day
3 You hear a boy and a giri talking about life in their
village. Which probiem are they discussing?
A boredom B crime C tourism
4 You hear some Information about a holiday. The
speaker's main recommendatlon for summer visitors
is to visit...
A the city centre attractions
B the coast
C the countryside.
5 You hear part of a programme about a new village.
What are the speakers doing?
A discussing reasons forcreating the village
B giving advice on starting up a new village
C describing everyday life in the village
6 You overhear a conversation between a boy and a gir
Where does the gir! prefer to shop?
A in small boutiques
B at shopping malls
C on the high street
7 You overhear a woman talking on her mobile phone.
What change would she like to make to the
city centre?
A c r é a t e more parking
B stop people from driving
C open better c a f é s
8 You hear a part of a radio programme. What is the
man talking about?
A a treatment for stress .
B the beauty of the countryside
C his research into urban lifestyies
^ Which speaker said these things? What do you think?
Discuss your ideas with your partner.
1 It's greener to take the bus.
2 Just because you're a teenager it doesn't mean you'ri
a shopaholic!
S p e a k i n g : Párts 3/4 - Collaborative task and foUow-up discussion

E x a m practice
' With a partner, discuss the photos A-D. What might
peopíe enjoy about shopping in these places? Speakíng Part 3: Exam tip
Which place would you most enjoy visiting? discussing opinions
In Speaking Part 3, you must interact with your partner.
Ask your partner's opinión.
Respond to what your partner says, e.g. That's an
interesting idea, but...
Use a range of interaction language. Just saying / think
or Wtiat do you tiiink can sound repetitive.

^ Look at the prompts below and discuss the Part 3

questions with a partner. Use as many expressions from
Activity 3 as you can.

shopping centres

green spaces bus sen/ices

How do these things

improve the quality of lite
for families in a city?

r museums local festivals

Which is the most important thing?

With a partner, discuss these Part 4 questions.

5.3 Listen to two students taiking about the photos.
Which of the places in the photos do they like the most /
least? Why? Is there anything they disagree about?
Work with a partner. How many different expressions
can you think of to complete the table?
1 Do you think that teenagers and eider people enjoy the
same things in a city? W h y ? / Why not?
2 Is it better to live in lots of different places, or just ene
place for your whole life? W h y ?

Asking for an Giving your Responding to

opinión opinión your partner
WoMid ¡joi/ a0me I sfromglíj helieve Thafs m
vuifh fhat^ ... mferesting idea.

|J|MÍ| 5.3 Listen to the recording again. How many of your

expressions in Activity 3 do the speakers use?

59
W o r d b u í l d i n g : city life

Compound nouns
1 ^ Complete the compound nouns 1-8 wlth the
words In the list. Then find examples of each
compound noun In the illustratlon.

exhaust fast- one-way pedestrian

push steering traffic Underground

1 fumes 5 food restaurant

2 lights 6 station
3 wheel 7 Street
4 crossinq 8 chair

Read the rules and find ene example of each

of A-D in Activity 1. More than one correct
answer may be possible.

C o m p o u n d nouns

A compound noun is a noun formed from

two or more words, for example:
A noun + noun
B verb + noun
C adjective + noun
D preposition + noun
Compound nouns can be written as one C o U o c a t i o n s ( 1 ) : prepositions + nouns
word, two or more words or with a hyphen.
iQf This student is having a bad day! Choose the correct alternatives
to complete what he says. Have you ever been late for something
Make compound nouns from the words important? What happened?
in list A and list B. Then complete the
sentences. 'Normally, I go to class (O) by / i n / on btis, but today I decided to

A: cycle housing Migh^ out go (1) by / on / with foot (2) for / from / with a change. (3) I n /
rush sky taxi traffic O n / During the w a y I met a few friends, and we chatted (4) for /
on / about a while. T h e n I looked at m y watch - it was ten minutes
B: estáte jam lañe -ufe- hour
to the start of class! I didn't want to be (5) around / i n / of trouble
rank scraper sl<irts
for being late, so I decided to r u n . (6) At / For / O n the beginning it
0 The City boasts a fantastic ni^.hfiife . with was O K , but after a few minutes, I was exhausted. I didn't realise how
many wonderful restaurants and bars. (7) out of / without / inte shape I was! Amazingly, I arrived (8) at /
1 People with bikes can use the special
with / on time - but I couldn't talk (9) at / for / i n all for the first five
to get to work more quickiy.
minutes because I was completely (10) of / out of / without breath!
2 She worked in an office at the top of a
really high . F m definitely going to catch the bus home
3 There was a huge so he was late
for class. Languagc summary
4 We're living in a large .There
are 1,000 houses here, but oniy one shop!
5 It's really stressful driving at
l't'NUl'M'W
- everyone's trying to get to work at the ^ 1 Complete the questions. Then ask and answer the questions with
same time! a partner.
6 They lived on the ofthe
1 Do you prefer to travel bus, car or bike, or_ foot? Why
city, oniy five minutes away from
2 Would you enjoy living at the top of a sky , or other high rise
the countryside.
building? Why? / Why not?
7 Luckily, there was a right
3 Do you find it easy or difficult to be time for things? Why?
outside the station, so they got home
4 Would you prefer to live in the city centre or on the out ? Why?
quickiy.
Word boost i • Workbook p. 80
R e a d i n g a n d U s e off E n g l i s h : Part 1 - Multiple-choice cloze ••
le* • • •
G e t r e a d y : easily-confused verbs
Complete the sentences with the words in the lists. Write gapped sentences like those in Activity 1 for three
of the verb pairs below. Can your partner complete them?
1 i/e've just. . to the shopping centre,
been
but we didn't see her there. borrow / lend expect / hope deny / refuse
gene
2 He's to the shops. He'!! be back later. hear/listen look/see remember / remind

lost 3 He the train this morning.

missed 4 She her way and had to ask for W o r d b o o s t ¡ • E a s i l y - c o n f u s e d v e r b s • W o r k b o o k p. 29

directions.
5 Congratulations! You've a holiday
beat competition!
won 6 She him at a game of squash at the
leisure centre.
Exam practice
get 7 I usually to work by bus.
go 8 It took me half an hour to to class I Complete the exam task.
today.
bring 9 _ your friends to visit me! R e a d i n g a n d Use of E n g l i s h Exam tip
take 10 You should . your cousin to the P a r t 1: easily-confused verbs
museum in town. Look at the words just before and after the gap. Is the
missing word part of a collocation?
Complete the sentence with one of the options. Then
i read the whole sentence. Does it make sense?

For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.

The Game of Life!

Since SimCity first went on sale in 1989, it has become one of the most successful computer games of all
(1) ..TIME
The popularity of the game (1) most people by surprise. At first, retailers didn't (2) to sell
many copies. After all, the game didn't have any héroes or villains, and there were few exciting (3) scenes.
Instead, SimCity offered something completely different - an element of realism!
Players of SimCity have to think about a variety of real-life issues. For example, they have to consider transport issues.
Can the people in their city get to work on time? Will there be lots of (4) jams at rush hour? Players must
aiso consider residents' (5) of Ufe. Is there too much crime in the city centre? Are there slums on the
(6) ? The game is so (7) that some schools and universities have used it to teach students
about urban planning!
So, why did SimCity become such a success? It seems that lots of people enjoyed the creativity of the game. Many aiso liked
the fact that it wasn't competitive - players don't (8) or lose in SimCity.

0 A age B moment ^) time D period

1 A brought B got C affected D took
2 A hope B imagine C suppose D expect
3 A action B movement c activity D performance
4 A car B vehicle c traffic D road
5 A valué B quality c merit D worth
6 A outside B outskirts c outdoors D outlet
7 A realistic B actual c true D reliable
8 A beat B defeat c win D overeóme
W r í t i n g : Parí 1 -ñn essay

Prepare Analyse the task

^ Discuss photos A and B in groups. ^ Read the task below.

1 What kind of problems can traffic cause in city

centres?
2 Do you tliink city life would be better or worse if your
government banned all cars from cities? W h y ?
You have had a class discussion about travel and transport.
Your teacher has asked you to write an essay for homework.
You will see the essay title and some notes you have written
below. Now write your essay using all your notes and glving
reasons for your point of view.

HOMEWORK

E s s a y title
People should not use cars in the city centre

Notes
Things to write about
1 Cars créate pollution
2 Cars are convenient
3 Your own idea
Write 140-190 words.

^ Read one student's answer to the task in Activity 2 .

Reopie s^uid nof use cars m c¡~t^ ccMres

f\ usuali^ a lof of iraffíc ci,^ ce.,res, especiatiu a, rus,

o^tórs ^^e^ foo d/sadva.f.^es.

less p(e«sa.f fo Uvc o . visi^, and H can atso cause ^aH,

P-b,e.s, ;s ^ore, a io, ..affíc can ^a,e ci,, ceLes
danqerous p,aces for c^cUs^s and pedes^rians. ^

Través ttcT' ' ^'^^ ^°

- a c.ou.ded tus or ,rain ¡s no, ver, enjo,a,>e for passen,ers. '

O Overaa I aree co/f. s,a,e^eM. m o p / . / o . , ciiu ccn,rcs

^ouid be . u . . and ,uie,er places if L ta^ned Vs
^o^ever, I , , , , ^ - . ^ ^ s aiso need ,o ^ve ^ood putUc
-f^anspor-t SL^s-tems as an al-t-ernairive.

Read the essay again. Which paragraph includes:

1 arguments for the essay s t a t e m e n t ?
2 general statements about the topic?
3 a personal opinión?
4 arguments against the essay s t a t e m e n t ?

s the language mainly formal or informal? Find

examples to support your answer.
Improve your writing: R e a d y to write!
linkers (4): addition, contrast and summarísing
You have had a class discussion about city and country life.
Complete the table using t h e linkers in the list.
Your teacher has asked you to write an essay for homework.
T h e n add more ideas from the e s s a y on page 6 2 .
You will see the essay title and some notes you have written
-atthough- as weil despite furthermore below. Now write your essay using all your notes and giving
in conclusión inspiteof moreover nevertheless reasons for your point of view.
onthewhole t o s u m u p whereas
HOMEWORK

Addition Essay title: Living in a city is better tlian living in tlie countryside
Contrast alfhoi^gh
Notes
Summarísing
Things to write about
1 Shopping
^ C h o o s e the c o r r e c t a l t e r n a t i v e s . 2 Transport
1 In spite of / Although the traffic, I love living 3 Your own ¡dea
in a city! Write 140-190 words.
2 My favourite city is Paris. 1 like New York
moreover / a s welí.
R e a d the t a s k above. In groups, d i s c u s s the following.
3 Big cities are usually busy, whereas / what is
more market towns are more peaceful. 1 What arguments can you think of for and against the
4 To s u m up, / Despite I disagree that living in a statement?
village is boring. 2 What is your opinión?
5 Many people enjoy going shopping, while / aiso
R e a d the Exam tip. T h e n copy t h e Paragraph plan into
others hate it!
your notebook and complete it with your own ideas.
6 Cars emit pollution. in addition, / N e v e r t h e l e s s ,
they can put cyclists at risk.
W r i t i n g P a r t 1 : a n essay Exaitl típ
Look at the people in t h e photos A and B and
imagine what t h e y think about Ufe in t h e city / When you h a v e to w r i t e an e s s a y :
c o u n t r y s i d e ! Write at least t h r e e s e n t e n c e s for Think about wtio y o u ' r e writing for. In most e s s a y s you
e a c h person using linkers f r o m A c t i v i t y 7. will need to u s e a m o r e formal s t y l e of writing.
Give an introduction to t h e topic in the first p a r a g r a p h .
/ loi/e cihj Ufe. Ho\Aje\/er, I hate commi^fi'iog! . U s e a different paragraph for e a c h main a r g u m e n t .
Use all t h e notes in t h e t a s k .
Give a conclusión in t h e final p a r a g r a p h and s t a t e your
opinión c l e a r i y .
Use linkers like in addition to add ideas and linkers like
iiowever to c o n t r a s t ideas.

Writing rcfcrence • p. 169

Paragraph plan

Main topic Points to include

Para 1: Introduction

Para 2: (tip: choose two ideas from

Activity 8)

Para 3: (tip: choose two ideas from 8)

Para 4 : Conclusión

Í M Write y o u r e s s a y . When you h a v e finished, look at the

C o m p a r e your s e n t e n c e s with a p a r t n e r ' s . Which
checkiist on page 169. C h e c k y o u r work and m a k e any
one w a s the funniest / most original?
corrections.
On target

Unit 5 U n i t s 1-5

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the Complete the fact file with the correct form of the verbs
words in the list. In bold. Which two facts did you find the most surprising?

be buy jeveft4f- in case not miss not run

provided that rain unless

0 I hate shopping, evei^ ff

shopping boring!
it's online. I find all kinds of CAPITAL CITY FACT FILE
1 We might go for a wali< in the park unless it . The Republic of South Africa
2 ril come to the cinema you pay for my (0) (have got) three
ticket! capital cities - but the largest city in
3 If we got rid of all the adverts, the city centre the country, Johannesburg,
much prettier. (1) , (not be) one of them!
4 Take your wallet you see something you
want to buy.
5 If l ' d l e f t e a r l i e r , I . . t h e bus. In 1822, the original foiinders of
6 more people visit the m u s e u m , it will have Monrovia, Liberta, ( 2 )
to cióse. (ñame) their capital after a US
7 They would have stayed longer in the city if they President! Few people
out of money. (3) (remember)
8 If I were rich, I a big house in Hollywood! President Monroe now, but the city's
inhabitants ( 4 ) (keep)
^ 1 Complete this article about an unusual kind of the ñame ever since.
advertising with the words in the list.
The world's most hea\'üy populated
beat bíttboard3~ consumers change outskirts city is Tokyo, Japan, with over 12
slogans successful Underground won mülion residents! The population
(5) (continué) (grow)
even how - by the end of next year
it (6) (expand) by
anotherO.7%!

Advertisers have a hard time attracting our attention. Ifyou(7) _ (not llke) the

I
They have images plastered on (O) bi¡lboa\rds cold, you ( 8 ) . (should
sited on the (1) of every city, posters on not) (go) to Reykjavik in Iceland! It
buildings, walls, even at ( 2 ) stations, (9) (be) famous for
and advertising (3) . spiashed across (10) (be) the most
nearly every page of the internet. And yet northerly capital in the worid.
(4) still continué to look the other way!
Tattoo advertising is an attempt to make us sit up and Quito, Ecuador, (11) -(lie)
take notice for a (5) . One of the most cióse to an active volcano! At the
effective tattoos was that worn by the boxer Bernard moment, scientists (12)
Hopkins during a 2002 match, for a fee of $100,000. (monitor) the volcano closely in an
Hopkins (6) his opponent and attempt (13) (prevent)
(7) the title of worid any disaster.
middieweight champion, and
Washington D.C. (14)
the website he was advertising
(not be) the capital city of the US
: became 200% more ^OS^P^Bj^-
mA-,"
throughout the history of the States.
(8) ! •!
While Americans (15)
Since then, tattoo \V (fight) in the CivU war, Phüadelphia
advertising has soared in
(16) (serve) as the
popularity.
temporary capital. After the war
(17) (finish), the
govemment then (18)
(move) to Washington.

0
 Fit for life!
Topic v o c a b u l a r y : health and fitness • food
• movement
G r a n u n a r : modal verbs (1) • permission
Word b u i l d i n g : adverbs 9 phrasal verbs (3)
• adverb collocations
W r i t i n g : a report » formal language
E x a m preparation: Reading and Use of English
Parts 1, 2 and 7 • Listening Part 2 • Speaking Part 1
• Writing P a r t a

Health a n d fitness
^ Discuss photos A and B with a partner. Why might
people enjoy doing these activities at the weekend?

!» 6.1 With a partner, discuss the excuses A-E. What

do you think a health and fitness expert would reply?
Listen and check your ideas.

5 Health and fitness excuses

A: Life is too short to exercise.
B; Salad is for rabbits!
C: r i l never look like [celebrity ñ a m e ] ,
so why bother?
D: It's not my fault. i haven't got the

I 6.1 With a partner, try to complete these tips from

the recording from memory. Listen again and check.
Match the tips to excuses A-E in Activity 2. Can you
think of any more ideas?
1 You might, ^ weight at first on a very strict,
low-calorie diet, but you're more likely to quickiy stop
and put it all back .
Remember that celebrities cheat. They often have
teams to help them keep and look greatl
Stop obsessing about weight. You can be great
shape wlthout being skinny!
Don't overeat, or, you'll cancel out the positive effect Word boost I • Health and fitness •Workbook p. 34
of some exercise!
Allow y o u r s e í f the treat, like chocolate or • .UJJIMIJ.UI»
crisps.
Perhaps you've aiso got a, _ habit of giving up Tell your partner about your own approach to health
too soon? and fitness, using at least three expressions from
Don't push y o u r s e í f too ,. If you, _do it. Activity 3. How similar / different are you?
you could cause y o u r s e í f an injury.
Please, please don't go any weird celebrity 7 don'fdo a lottü keep fit, apartffom lAjalh'ng the
diets. dog afteir schooí'
W
The prefixes over- and under- usually mean 'too much' / I would(n't) describe myselías {+ noun / gerund),
'too littie', e.g. overeat (= eat too much) or underweight / almost always / hardly ever...
(= weigh too littie). They aiso sometimes mean 'above' / Itryto... but I don't always succeed.
'below', e.g. overland, Underground. l'm (not) very worried about ...sol...

CSS- f 65
R e a d i n g a n d U s e o f E n g l i s l i : Part 7 - Múltiple matchin J

W h a t d o y o u t h i n k t h e t y p i c a l d i e t i s f o r t h e p e o p l e in E x a m paractice
t h e photos A - D ? Which diet w o u l d y o u m o s t / l e a s t like
to eat for a w e e k ? W h y ? D i s c u s s with a partner. Reading and Use of E n g l i s h Exam tw
' paraphrasing
W o r d s u s e d in I h e q u e s t i o n s m a y n o t e x a c t l y m a t c h t h o s e
in t h e t e x t . T h i n k a b o u t :
s y n o n y m s (differcnt words which have a similar
m e a n i n q ) , f . q . /// hüs a s i m i l a r m e a n i n g t o unweil.
: p a r a p h r a s i n g ( d i f f e r e n t w a y s of e x p r e s s i n g s i m i l a r
i d e a s ) , e . g . this can make you put on weight has a
n i n q t o it mav cause people to aet fatter. wá

4^ Read the article about four people who tried an unusual

d i e t f o r a w e e k a g a i n . F o r q u e s t i o n s 1-15, c h o o s e from
t h e people ( A - D ) . T h e people m a y be c h o s e n m o r e
than once.

•
Which person:

•
1 ate with other people?
2 w a s o r d e r e d to e n d t h e i r diet e a r l y ?
3 h a s c h a n g e d t h e i r e a t i n g h a b i t s a s a r e s u l t of
•
•
the experiment?

•
4 is u s u a l l y v e r y a c t i v e ?

•
5 did n o t e n j o y a f o o d t h e y h a d p r e v i o u s l y l i k e d ?

•
6 s p e n t a lot of t i m e e a t i n g ?

•
7 a t e in a n u n u s u a l p o s i t i o n ?
8 enjoyed doing other activities while eating?
•
9 w a s looking f o r w a r d to trying the d i e t ?
•
10 respects the philosophy behind the diet?
•
11 had to stop doing an activity t h e y e n j o y e d ?
12 f e i t g u i l t y a b o u t something? •
13 mentions learning something that they found
upsetting? •
•
T h e w o r d diet c a n m e a n e i t h e r : 14 t h o u g h t t h a t t h e d i e t h a d a p o s i t i v e e f f e c t o n
1 t h e food usually e a t e n by a p e r s o n or group: their health?

•
She used to have an unhealthy diet. 15 w a s r e a s s u r e d by t h e e x a m p l e s e t by s o m e o n e
2 t h e f o o d e a t e n by s o m e o n e w h o w a n t s t o l o s e w e i g h t : else?
Now s / i e ' s gone on a diet. Stie oniy eats salads!

V o c a l i i i l a r y i n conteset: food
Q u i c k i y r e a d t h e a r t i c l e on p a g e 5 7 a n d m a t c h t h e
people to i l l u s t r a t i o n s E - H . W h i c h p e r s o n is t h e m o s t W o r k w i t h a p a r t n e r . F i n d a d j e c t i v e s in t h e a r t i c l e o n
positive about their diet? page 6 7 to complete the table.

the w a y food tastes t h e w a y f o o d is p r e p a r e d /

cooked

SpiCíj

L o o k a t t h e taste a d j e c t i v e s in A c t i v i t y 4 . F o r e a c h
adjective, write a food that m a t c h e s this flavour.

C o m p a r e y o u r list w i t h a p a r t n e r ' s . Do y o u a g r e e w i t h
y o u r p a r t n e r ' s c h o l e e s ? W h i c h of t h e f o o d s o n his / h e r
list do y o u like or d i s l i k e t h e m o s t ? W h y ?

9 Explain the difference between the adjectives

tasty a n d tasteless
tasteful,
a s t h e y a r e u s e d in p a r a g r a p h s C
a n d D.
 A Elisa Riedo tried a medieval European diet
(fifteenth century)
Life expectancy in tlie Middie Ages was mucli iower tlian today, and
now i understand why, At one dinner i ate a bal<ed goose stuffed
with a chicken, a partridge and a blackbird! I ate so much
meat that i started dreamíng about vegetables. Actuaily
since the expenment Tve turned vegetarian, so that teils
you how bad it was! Cool<s used to heaviiy season meat
to preserve it, so it was very spicy, This made me thirsty,
so i drank a iot, That was a mistake! I was horrified to
discover that medievai peopie aiways drank beer or wine
even for breakfast - apparentiy because the water wa
very polluted, Eventually 1 feit so unweil that i had to se
a doctor, who wouidn't let me continué, Aithough ifs
never nice to iot peopie down, I admit that this was
something ot a relief!
B Wang Fei tried the 'fruitarian' diet
(popularised in the nineteenth century)
Nineteenth-century truitarians believed you should
cause harm to any üving thing, which is a principie
I admire in theory But it's an extreme diet, .
In order to show respect to piants and trees,
truitarians can oniy eat fruit or nuts which have
falien to the ground, they aren't aiiowed to pick
them! You also aren't aiiowed to cook - you have
to eat everything raw, i spent severai hours a day
just iooking for food, because of course you can't jusi
pop into a supermarket, I thought i'd feei realiy healthy, but
instead the diet made me tired and weak, l'm normally
quite sporty, and I go mnning daily but I just
couldn't manage to keep it up, I got so desperate
for something warm, sweet and sugary that I
eventuaüy gave in and bought a fried doughnut,
Of course, I feIt awful about breaking the rules,
Afterwards I read that the famous spiritual leader
Gandhi had once experimented with fruitarianism,
but he also struggled to stick to it, That made me
feel slightiy better!
,'' C Alicja Kolub tried an
" ancient Román diet
(c. 200 AD)
In search of an authentic experience, some
friends and i hired an cid Mediterranean villa,
which had a huge dining room, We replaced the
chalrs there with couches from the lounge. Apparentiy,
Romans preferred to diñe lying down, in the belief this
aided digestión! I don't know If that's tme, but it definitely
wasn't good for my table manners, I think I spilled as much
as I ate! Romans beiieved mealtimes should delight all the senses, so
-^'nner we listened to muslo and admired the tasteful
artwork on the villa walls, In films, Román dining
; . . seems pretty unhealthy - too many rich
foods, too much drinking, But this tumed out
to be something of a myth, The diet included
lots of fresh salads and fruit, and I was aiiowed
to dilute my wine with water, so I never feit drunk,
Severai dishes were very tasty, aithough I didn't
take to those flavoured with gamm, a sauce with a
salty taste and overpowering smell, I wasn't surprised
to discover it was made from oid, rotting fish!
ít D Jake Brown tried an early
^American weight-loss diet invented
: t byHorace Fletcher (1903)
I was keen to voiunteer for this, as i'd puf on rather
a Iot of weight over Christmas! Horace Fletcher was
one of the first peopie to recommend a low-fat diet, and I must
admit, I did seem to be in better shape afterwards, which was
great, Unfortunafely, he also advised peopie to chew each
mouthful thirty-two times before swailowing. As you can
imagine, this makes meáis stretch on forever and by
the end of the process most food seems completeiy
|bland, even tasteless, I used to think roast chicken
f w a s delicious, but when you've reduced it to mush,
f you might as well be eating cardboard, Even worse, no
one would diñe with me, My girifriend said watching me
rn food into llquid was too disgusting!

Tell your partner about the most

a) delicious, b) disgusting things
Your school is going to open a new, 'healthy living' café. There is a prize of
you've ever eaten, using words
a term's free food to the students with the best ideas. Work in groups and
you found in the article.
agree on the following:
Word bnoit ¡ • R 3 0 d • what the café shouid look like. • what kind of food and drinks it should serve.
•Workbookp. 34 • anything else you think would make the café appealing to students.

'1 Present your ideas to the class. When everyone has finished, decide as
a class which students should win the prize!
G r a m m a r : modal verbs (1)1

Look at t h e photo of a competition and read t h e e x t r a c t s f r o m t h e competition handbook. Do y o u think y o u would

be good at this t y p e of c o m p e t i t i o n ? W h y ? / Why n o t ? D i s c u s s with a partner.

Competitors:
(1) have to b e o v a r 14 to t a k e part.
(2) n e e d to a g r e e to b e f i l m a d .
(3) must oniy u s e t h e ¡ngredients p r o v i d a d .
(4) mustn't c a r r y on c o o k i n g aftar t h a j u d g e s a y s
'stop'.
( 5 ) don't have to b e p r o f a s s i o n a l c h a f s . A m a t e u r s a r e
welcome.
( 6 ) needn't follow a s e t r e c i p e . C r e a t i v i t y is
ancouragad.
( 7 ) ought to b a polita to o t h e r c o n t a s t a n t s .
( 8 ) s h o u l d r a m a m b a r that t h a c o n t e s t is just for f u n !

^1 Complete the rules with the v e r b s in boid in A c t i v i t y 1.

0 R e a d another pair's 'handbook'. Imagine y o u h a v e j u s t

m
t a k e n part in this competition - and lost! D e s c r i b e w h a t
Modal verbs (1): obligation, n e c e s s i happened and how it made y o u f e e l . Include at least
and advice t h r e e of t h e v e r b f o r m s in bold f r o m A c t i v i t y 3 .

Function Verb form R e a d t h e quotation. How well does this person run n o w ?
1 advice (it's a good / bad idea) OR How well did they use to r u n ? How do you compare with
them?
2 obligation or necessity have fo. OR
(it's necessary) 'Last year I couldn't even run for the bus - now
3 NO obligation or necessity I can run for thirty líilometres without stopping!
OR
(it isn't compulsory) Getting fit wasn't easy. The first time I went jogging,

4 prohibition (it's forbidden) my ten-year-old sister was able to overtalíe me!

She even managed to beat me heme! But I've
Langungn sum: • p.l61
improved a lot since then. B y the end of next year,
ril be able to complete a whole marathón.'
R e a d one c o m p e t i t o r ' s c o m m e n t s a f t e r t h e competition
and a n s w e r t h e questions with a partner.
Look at v e r b f o r m s in bold in t h e quotation in A c t i v i t y 6
'ín the final we had to cook squid. Yuck! They were and complete t h e r u l e s .
so slimy.'
1 Can we use musí in this s e n t e n c e ? W h y ? / Why not? Modal verbs (1): ability

7 should have kept an eye on the time. I definitely Use Verb form
shouldn't have burnt the ca¡<es!'
1 general ability in the past
2 What does the speaker regret doing? What does (s)he
2 general ability in the present
regret not doing?
3 general ability in a n y tense
7 needn't have used so much chilli in the dish,
but I got carried awayl The judge went as red as a 4 ability on a specific occasion OR
tomata when she tasted it. Luckily, we didn't need
to cali a doctor!' L a n g í u a g e si»

3 Did the speaker use lots of chilli? Did the team cali
a doctor?
• ,1U.ÍJJ.HJ.U«
With a partner, choose a competitive sport or hobby.
Write a 'competition handbook' like t h e one in A c t i v i t y 1, Have y o u e v e r learnt a new skill? How difficult / e a s y
¡ncluding at least five of t h e f o r m s in bold. w a s i t ? Tell your partner, using verb forms from t h e rules
box above. Who had the most challenging e x p e r i e n c e ?
R e a d i n g a n d U s e o f E n g l i s h : Part 2 - Open cloze •• • •
••
••
••
Cet ready: permission
Complete t h e table w i t h t h e v e r b f o r m s in boid in

O Read t h e t e x t . Why does t h e w r i t e r want a new t e a c h e r ?

Do / Did y o u enjoy s p o r t s at school? Why? / Why not?
A c t i v i t y 1.

Permission
'Help! My new sports instmctor is really strict. Last
year we could relax if we were feeling tired, but this any tense present past only
year we can't take any breaks! On my last birthday I only

was allowed to leave early, but this year the teacher Permission in
made me stay extra late! What next? Soon we won't be general
allowed to do anything, apart from foUowing orders! Permission on a
I thought sport was supposed to be fun?' specific occasion

Read t h e complaint below and find t w o verbs which

mean 'give permission'. Which do we use before:
1 object + infinitive with í o ?
2 object + infinitive without to7

'Our last teacher allowed us to talk during lessons,

but our new teacher won't let us chati'

^ ^ f c • Permission • W o r k b o o k p. 37

Exam practice R e a d i n g a n d Use of E n g l i s h Exam tip 1

Part 2z verb forms 1
Quickiy read t h e exam task, ignoring t h e gaps.
What unusual way t o get fit does it r e c o m m e n d ? In a Part 2 task, y o u m a y need to c o m p l e t e some gaps w i t h ;
Can y o u think of any other interesting or unusual verbs. Always t h i n k about form as well as meaning. ¡
ways t o get f i t ? What kind of verb f o r m do y o u need t o use? Look at t h e I
c o n t e x t carefully f o r clues. Think about modal verbs, auxiliary
verbs (do, have etc.), infinitives and gerunds.
Complete t h e exam task.
Does t h e v e r b f o r m m a t c h t h e subject? E.g. he does (not do).

k
Have y o u used t h e c o r r e c t tense? E.g. He had (not has) left
by the time we arrived. I
d
— : 1

For questions 1-8, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap.

Home gym?
(0) you want to get fitter, but it seems difficult to know where to start? Perhaps you'd (1)
not join a sports class, or you're not allowed to take up any expensive new hobbies? Then maybe you should consider the
'home gym'. At the 'home gym', you don't (2) to learn any new skills, or even buy any equipment. Even
better, you can impress your family (3) the same time!

It's a surprising fact that doing housework can actually burn as (4) fat as doing some sports! When
someone cleans energetically, their face gets red, they start to sweat, they may even get out (5)
breath! Half an hour of cooking can burn 40-50 calories, and gardening an impressive 100-200 calories!

If you spend at least thirty minutes every day doing housework, you'll soon be (6) to feel a real
difference in your health. But you (7) work really hard to get the full benefit - that's essential. Try
dancing around while you tidy (8) your room. You may feel silly, but you'll improve your overall
fitness, and have more fun too!
L i s t e n i n g : Parí 2 - Sentence completion

G e t r e a d y : movement E x a m practice
Look at the sports in the illustrations. With a partner, What are the people doing in the photo? Have you ever
discuss which sports you thinl< would best improve your: tried this activity? If so, what did you think? If you
1 strength haven't tried it, would you like to? Why? / Why not?
2 agility (the ability to move quickiy and easHy)
3 posture (the way that a person sits, stands or waiks)
4 coordination (the ability to control the movements of
your body so that they work together).

Lístening P a r t 2 : Exaitl típ

giving relevant answers
Don't make any changes to the words you hear.
Thinking of synonyms or paraphrases will waste time.
Use the correct speiling and make sure that the words
you write are grammaticaily correct (e.g. do you need a
singular or plural form?).
Write between one and three words. Don't writerite more
than this!

» ^ 6.2 You will hear a radio i-eview by a man called

Graham Woodson, who recently tested some new
exercise game software. For questions 1-10, complete
the sentences.

1 T h e people that G r a h a m works with enjoy food like

i With a partner, describe illustrations A - L in Activity 1 energy bars and .
using the expressions in the list. How easy / difficult do 2 G r a h a m tried out the s o f t w a r e In his .
you think each activity is?
3 Some people think that t h e . . g a m e makes
players look silly.
balance on one leg bend towards the ground
catch a bal! in mid air hit with a racquet 4 Both G r a h a m and his . have played tennis
jog in the park jump inte the air using the s o f t w a r e .
kick as hard as you can llft a heavy weight 5 When he was young, G r a h a m liked reading _ _ _ _ _
punch an opponent sprint towards the finishing Une 6 In real lite, G r a h a m is y e a r s oíd.
stretch as far as you can throw a ball 7 Graham's laughed when he said he was
taking up yoga.
! Choose two sports you know well and complete the 8 The software has improved Graham's agility and .
sentences. Include at least four of the verbs in boid
9 Graham would not recommend the software to .
from Activity 2.
10 G r a h a m once hurt his pet's while using the
Sport A Sport B
4 You are allowed to, software.
1 Youneedto.
2 You mustn't. 5 Y o u shouldn't
3 Y o u can 6 Y o u must Over to y o u
Work in groups of four. Take turns reading out your
How could the government encourage more young
rules. Can your group guess the sport?
people to exercise? Discuss the question with a partner,

0
W o r d b o o s t I • Movement • W o r k b o o k p. 34 then agree on your three best ideas.
S p e a k i n g : Part 1 - Interview

Look at photos A - D . With a partner, discuss t h e following. Exaiti practice

Exam tip
1 What do you think the food and the atmosphere are like in
these restaurants?
S p e a k i n g P a r t 1:
2 Which restaurant would you like to visit the most / least? Why? staying calznl
3 What restaurants in your área would you recommend to a If y o u need t i m e t o t h i n k , begin w i t h one of
visitor, or advise t h e m to avoid? Why? Think about food, these expressions: Let me think / see ....
That's diff'icult to say, really...
location, atmosphere and service.
Don't rush! Speak slowly and ciearly and make
sure t h a t y o u answer t h e q u e s t i o n .
T r y not t o leave long silences. A n easy way
t o expand your answers is t o give reasons or
examples. Use expressions like:
reasons: as, because, so, so that, that's why
e x a m p l e s : for example, for ¡nstance, like,
such as.

Q « f ( 6.3 Read t h e Exam tip. Listen again and

answer t h e questions.
1 Which expressions do Speakers 1 and 2 use
to give themselves time to think?
2 What example does Speaker 1 give of the food
at Dona Olga?
3 What t w o reasons does Speaker 2 give for
preferring to eat at home?

Read t h e questions below. Add one more

question t o each c a t e g o r y .

Likes and d i s l i k e s
1 What is your favourite food? (Why do you
like it?)
2 Do you like cooking? (What kinds of things
do you cook?)

Free t i m e
3 What do you do to keep fit? (How often do
you exercise?)
4 Have you got any plans for this weekend?
(What are you going to do?)

Travel
5 Where did you spend your most interesting
holiday? (What kind of things did you do?)
6 What's your favourite way of travelling?
(Why do you like it?)

9 Work w i t h a partner and follow t h e I n s t r u c t i o n s .

S t u d e n t A : Ask Student B the questions in red

and your own questions f r o m Activity 4 . Answer
Student B's questions.
S t u d e n t B: Answer Student A's questions. Ask
Student A the questions in blue and your own
questions f r o m Activity 4.

<m| 6.3 You are going t o hear t w o people answer questions on

t h e topic of food and restaurants. Listen and guess what
questions t h e y are answering.
W o r d buíldíng: food a n d fitness )••• •
)••• •

The truth about exercise

In a B B C documentary, Horízon, Michael Mosley (1) bravely t e s t e d different
t h e o r i e s about living (2) healthily. S o m e of t h e resulte were (3) rather
u n e x p e c t e d . (4) Surprisingly, he found that d o i n g j u s t three m i n u t e s of (5) highiy
i n t e n s e e x e r c i s e a w e e k (6) rapidly improved h i s health! He a i s o learnt that
(7) regularly making very s i m p l e m o v e m e n t s c a n m a k e a (8) seriously big
¡mpact (9) In just a short while. For e x a m p l e , people who (10) often fidget
(move their h a n d s , feet, etc. when they're bored), a r e n ' t j u s t irritating the rest
of u s l (11) Actually, they're a i s o burning c a l o r i e s . (12) Again, the m e s s a g e i s :
'doing a littie c a n m e a n a lot'. (13) Now w e have even fewer e x c u s e s !

Adverbs P h r a s a l v e r b s ( 3 ) : health

iQjjl Read the article. How can 'doing a littie mean a lot'? Q Read one person's list of resolutions (= personal goals).
Do you make resolutions like t h e s e ? Are you good at
Complete the table with the boid adverbs in Activity 1. keeping t h e m ?

Adverbs My resoLutioMS
We use adverbs to modify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs
T h l s yeAT, l'm golng to . .
and clauses. Common examples include adverbs of:
• d ) give up smoking.
manner slowly, well,,
• (2) taJce up A. new sport.
comment
amazingly, luckily _ • s t o p (3) coimg oufc evecy nlghb an¿ cook
or opinión
owM me<xí5 mste<jul.
degree quite, really,,
• ( 4 ) cui out alíjunk foo¿ from my cüet.
frequently, sometimes,
frequency • ( 5 ) worií o u t more o t t h e gym.
• ( 6 ) cwt ¿own on t H e omount o-f d i o c o U i t e
time tomorrow, on Monday, _ I taJbl

• ( 7 ) s t k k to my h e ^ t h p L ^ - |'m not qoinq

Where dees each type of adverb usually go in a to ( 8 ) g'we, up ihls E m e !
sentence? Check your answers on page 161.

Rewrite the sentences so that they include the adverb With a partner, match the phrasal verbs in bold in
form of the word in bold. Which sentences are true Activity 6 to their meanings in the list. One phrasal verb
foryou? has two different meanings.

1 I fidget! FREQUENT
continué with going to restaurants lift weights
2 l'd rather relax than exercise. PERSONAL
reduce remove start doing
3 I spend hours at the sports centre. HAPPY stop doing something you did before stop trying
4 I don't worry about my health. USUAL
5 I try to exercise. DAY / 0Í\/e i/ip - stop dofm somefhiy)0 IJOÍA did before
6 I hate having to run. FAST
Language summary {•p.161
With a partner, choose the correct alternatives. Explain
w/5/you have chosen each answer.

1 That basketball player can jump really high / highiy.

I can high / highiy recommend playing basketball. How satisfied are you with these áreas of your life?
2 He's hard / hardiy training at al!. He needs to do more. Give each one a score from 1 (dissatisfied) to 5 (highiy
He's training really hard / hardly. He needs to rest. satisfied). Write six resolutions for yourself.

3 T h e y haven't gone out for dinner late / lately.

health hobbies studies family and friends
They arrived late / lately for dinner.

Langiiagc summary 161 Word boost ¡•Workbookp.81

0
 >••••• •• ••
R e a d i n g a n d U s e o f E n g l i s h : Part 1 - Multiple-choice cloze : t >••• • • •

G e t r e a d y : adverh collocations
j ^ K Music stars often make some strange food requests at
Ir concerts! Which of these is the most surprising?
Britney S p e a r s - was quite i n s i s t e n t that she had her
favourite breakfast cereal, Frult Loops, backstage.
Metallica - said it w a s extremely important that bacon
was available at every meal.
Van Halen - used to demand M&Ms. It w a s absolutely
e s s e n t i a l that nene of the sweets were brown!
Answer the questions with a partner.
1 Which adjectives in blue are normal I extreme?
2 Which adverbs in red go with extreme a d j e c t i v e s ?
Not every adverb can go with every adjective. Choose
the correct alternatives to complete these celebrity
complaints.
1 'l'm a highiy / deeply successful singer and I demand
to be treated like a star!'
2 'I was horrified to see the chef was fast / hard asieep
backstage. Pire him!'
3 'Why is this coffee totally / terribly different from the
one you served me y e s t e r d a y ? '
4 'l'm a l w a y s wlde / broad a w a k e at three in the morning
so I need breakfast eariy.'
5 'I was bitterly / completely disappointed by the food.
Please make more effort!'
KTWftffWfWl • A d v e r b collocations • W o r k b o o k p. 3S

Exam practice
Readingr a n d U s e o f E n g l i s h Exam tip
^1 Read the exam task quickiy. What are P a r t 1 : meaning and usage
cassava, fugu and ackee? When you complete a gap, think about:
the difference between similar meanings, e.g. sprint is faster than jog.

L
Complete the exam task. how we use a word in context, e.g. the collocations.

For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.

Food to die for?

A (0) number of plants and animáis are edible, but not all of them! Every year, thousands of unlucky people fall
111 as a result of (1) eating something poisonous. But some of us deliberately choose to eat dangerous food.
Cassava is an (2) popular vegetable which is enjoyed by more than 50 million people. However, it must be
washed and cooked properly in order to remove all traces of a toxin called cyanide. Even a tiny (3) of this can
be fatal, so it's absolutely (4) you seek help immediately if you feel unweil!
Parts of the fugu fish are (5) poisonous. Remarkably, this fish is considered to be a delicacy in J a p a n , in
spite of the fact that it kills dozens of diners every year. Japanese chefs must cut the fish (6) accurately
to prevent disaster!
Aficionados of the ackee in Jamiaca say that the ripe frult has a very (7) but delicious flavour, like scrambled
eggs! (8) you have to pick ackee at exactly the right time. If you pick it too soon or too late, it can make
you very sick indeed.

0 A terrible great C giant D strong

1 A casually B wrongly C accidentally D harmfully
2 A extremely B entirely c intensely D utterly
3 A number B amount c volume D supply
4 A required B desirable c essential D important
5 A widely B deeply c highiy D greatly
6 A incredibly B wholly c simply D greatly
7 A strange B astonishing c irregular D rare
8 A Moreover B However c Therefore D Despite
W r i t i n g : Part 2 - A report

Prepare

Discuss photos A-F with a partner. Which of

these activities are more popular with people
under 25, and which with eider people? Why do
you think this is?

A new sports centre í

Analyse the task

A local business wants to open a new sports

centre in your área, and is keen to encourage The aim of this report is to provide information for a sports
younger people to join. The centre manager centre which wants to appeal to young people. The report
has asked you to write a report including the discusses popular local sports and makes recommendations
following information: for suitable activities and refreshments.

• the most popular sports in your área

• ideas for after-school activities
• suggestions on what kind of food to serve
in the sports centre café.
i Read the task above. Who Is the report for?
How many topics must you include?
Read the report on the right and complete it
with suitable headings from the llst.
A delicious café
Beginning
Ideas for the café
Introduction
Popular local sports
Some activities
Sports I like
Suggestions for after-school
activities
The three most popular sports in my región are:
• football
• basketball
• swimming.
In addition, many younger people enjoy martial arts and
dance. Skateboarding is aiso quite popular. However, there
are currently no suitable facilities for this in the área.
Many people already play football and basketball at school.
Therefore I would suggest that the centre offers afternoon
and evening classes teaching other popular sports, such as
modern dance or judo. Moreover, I believe that there would
be considerable interest in a supervised skate área, especially
if the centre aiso ran a skateboarding club.
As many students have littie money, I would sírongly
recommend that the café sells a range of cheap, but healthy
food, such as sandwiches and fruit. This will encourage
younger customers to visit.

0
I m p r o v e y o u r writíng: Ready to write!
formal language
Your college wants to encourage students to improve their
Q In a r e p o r t , y o u should use more f o r m a l language. health and fitness. Your teacher has asked you to write a
Which of 1-9 are m o r e f o r m a l and which a r e m o r e report for students about things they can do in your local
Informal? Explain y o u r answers. área. Include advice on local sports facilities, cafés and
1 I think it would be a brilliant ¡dea if... restaurants which serve healthy food, and the best places to
2 This report is intended t o ... relax in.
3 I would strongly recommend t h a t . . . Write your report in 140-190 words in an appropriate styie.
4 It seems pretty clear t o me t h a t . . .
5 I would suggest t h a t . . .
6 Let's start with ... Read t h e task above. Which t h r e e t o p i c s m u s t y o u
7 Another possibility might be to ... include in y o u r r e p o r t ?
8 The purpose of this report is ...
9 It's a bit difficult to say w h e t h e r . . .
' 1 With a p a r t n e r , b r a i n s t o r m ideas f o r each t o p i c . Then
choose t h e t h r e e best ideas f r o m each c a t e g o r y t o
Which expressions f r o m A c t i v i t y 4 could y o u use
include in y o u r r e p o r t .
t o start y o u r r e p o r t ? FInd an expression w i t h a
similar meaning in t h e r e p o r t on page 7 4 .
^¡1^ Read t h e Exam tip. Look at t h e r e p o r t on page 7 4 a n d :

Decide which of t h e s e linkers w o u l d n o t be 1 decide how many paragraphs you are going t o include.
suitable in f o r m a l w r i t i n g . 2 think of a suitable heading for each paragraph.
3 choose at least four formal expressions and linkers t o
although anyway by the way furthermore include in your report.
however in addition mind you moreover
therefore well you see
Writing Part 2: a report^ Exam tip
Think a b o u t w h o y o u are w r i t i n g f o r (e.g. a t e a c h e r )
In groups, c o m p l e t e t h e table w i t h t h e f o r m a l
and w h y (e.g. t o encourage someone t o d o s o m e t h i n g ) .
linkers f r o m A c t i v i t y 6 . Can y o u add any m o r e ?
Organise y o u r ideas into paragraphs before y o u w r i t e
( t h e r e is t i m e in t h e exam t o plan!).
addition contrast result
T r y t o use suitable headings f o r each p a r a g r a p h . If
ñ/hciVs more despite ¿?5 ¿? resi^lt y o u w o u l d like, y o u can aiso include bulleted (•) or
n u m b e r e d (1) p o i n t s .
Begin w i t h an i n t r o d u c t i o n and end w i t h a conclusión.
Expand on t h e ideas in t h e sentences using Use m o r e f o r m a l language.
suitable linkers. Include a range of g r a m m a r a n d vocabulary, b u t do
0 Yoga can help t o improve your posture. NOT include a lot of d e s c r i p t i v e language.
(addition)
^Vriting r c f c r c n c c • p. 171
What's moi'e, ifcan help ijoi/i fo rehx.
1 A certain amount of regular daily exercise can Write y o u r r e p o r t . R e m e m b e r t o organise y o u r ideas
be good f o r y o u . (contrast) clearly and t o use a range of f o r m a l expressions.
2 Some parents do not allow children to watch
any televisión, (result) Look at t h e checkiist on page 171. Check y o u r r e p o r t and
3 Drinking alcohol can make you feel unweil. make any c o r r e c t i o n s .
(addition)
Unit 6
i Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar
meaning to the first, using between two and five words,
including the word given.
0 I was not allowed to cook In my parents'kitchen. LET
My parents didn'tlefme cook ¡n their kitchen.
U n i t s 1-6
Oniy two of these sentences are complete. Add one
extra word to the incomplete sentences.
0 This chilli dish is much hotter'the curry.
1 l'm cutting down on sweets because I want lose weight.
2 By the end of this course, you will able to cook.

1 The use of cutlery is not compuisory for 3 ril join the gym as long you come with me.
contestants. NOT 4 Would you mind looking after the children while
l'm cooking?
Contestants cutlery.
5 I always liked sweet foods, ever since I was a child.
2 It wasn't necessary for him to eat the hot dogs,
but he did it anyway. NEED 6 She always buys milk and eggs from the farm.
Even to eat the hot dogs, 7 Pablo, mother is a sports instructor, is very fit.
he did it anyway.
I Join the sentences using the word or expression
3 It's a bad ¡dea to push yourself too hard in brackets.
when you're exercising. OVERDO
0 Mole is a type of sauce. It is made with chocolate.
You ought , when you're
(which)
exercising.
Mole ís a fijpe ofsai/ice which is made
4 Cheating in the contest is strictly
n/ifh chocolate.
forbidden. ABSOLUTELY
You in the contest. 1 That is the chef. We were taiking about her. (who)

5 Participating in the competition was 2 I went jogging every day. i wanted to get fit.
(¡n order to)
a mistake. SHOULD
3 You should go to the doctor's. It's possible your cough
He part in the competition.
is serióos, (in case)
Choose the correct alternatives to complete the text. 4 He isn't very strong. He can't win the World's
Strongest Man competition! (enough)
5 The restaurant stopped serving food. Then I arrived.
(by the time)
6 I ate too much chocolate. Then I feit sick. (if)

Complete these health tips with suitable words.

0 Everyone needs to exercise, whether you're skinny,
slim, or w é . JL l-b i . jLt.
1 Keeping your back straight will improve your
P e.
2 It is best to m e d í t a t e in a quiet, p I place.
3 Always t w away out-of-date meat and fish.
4 Try not to be g y and oniy eat what you need.
5 If you're r g a temperature, you'd better
see a doctor.
6 Yoga is a good way to improve your a y.

STRONGEST Men
SHift/pulIalong cars and trucks! You need

The World's StronsRst te regularly work (7) o u t / u p a t a g y L

and they (8) often exercise / exercise oftenT;
\ sei / taKe part m a number of (2) absol„f«K, / n>orethantwentyhoursaweek.What's " r e t o
deveoptheirmusclestheyneedto(9,pr/,
onaotofweight!Son.eco.petnorseatrr

0
7,0 O calones a day, including (,0) fr^„g /
food and junk food! / med
 T o p i c v o c a b u l a r y : science and technology
• computers • communication
Granunair: the passive • have I get somethmg done
Wozd buílding: negativa prefixes • collocations (2)
• word stem transformations
Wziting: a formal letter • pronouns
E x a m preparation: Reading and Use of English
Parts 3, 4 and 5 ® Listening Part 3 ® Speaking Part 2
• WntmgPart2

1 Which chemist and physicist carried out important experiments

into radioactivity?
© T h o m a s Edison O NikolaTesla Q Marie Curie

2 Which a s t r o n o m e r first w o r k e d out that the Earth orbits the sun?

O Nicolaus Copernicus O Aristotle O Galileo Galilei

3 When did scientists first come up w i t h the theory of 'global warming'?

©1976 O 1938 0'l896

4 Which biologist set ou _ the first classification system for plant and ^
animal species?

O Charles Darwin O Cari Linnaeus * © Richard D a w k i n s

5 Which psychiatrist . our subconscious mind in the book

The Interpretation of Dreamsl »
©AlfredAdler O Sigmund Freud © CarIJung

6 Which invention did the artist, mathematician and engineer Leonardo da Vinci
7

© a helicopter O 3 freezer © a camera

Science a n d technology «aijjai.tij.uim

7.1 How much do you know about s c i e n c e ? Work
^1 With a partner, d i s c u s s how you think t h e s e inventions
with a p a r t n e r and t r y to g u e s s the a n s w e r s to t h e quiz!
or d i s c o v e r i e s have changed the worid. How would life
T h e n listen and c h e c k y o u r a n s w e r s .
be different without t h e m ?

Look at the e x p r e s s i o n s in red in A c t i v i t y 1. Which cars electricity the internet music printing
phrasal v e r b m e a n s : space travel televisión
1 organise s y s t e m a t i c a l l y ?
3 do; perform?
2 explore; i n v e s t í g a t e ?
Mi|ljailMJ4iltJ-»WIWiMfcMWI
It's hard to imagine a world without...
Look at the nouns in ' in A c t i v i t y 1, and c o m p l e t e The world would be completely different if we +
t h e table for e a c h noun. S o m e of the words m a y not past simple ... (second conditional)
have a n a d j e c t i v e f o r m . If we hadn't inventad / discovered then we
wouldn't have + past participle (third conditional)
person (noun) s c i e n c e (noun) adjective

chemist chemisfrij cheynical 1 ^ T o g e t h e r , decide w h a t you think t h e worid's three most

important inventions or d i s c o v e r i e s a r e , and why.
^pWWWBW^ • Science and technology • Workbook p. 40
R e a d i n g f a n d U s e of E n g l i s h : Part 5 - Múltiple cholee

o Look at the cartoons on the right. Discuss the questions

with a partner.
1 Why are the cartoons funny?
2 Why do you think that the cartoonists have shown
both Computer users as male? Do you think this is fair?
3 Do you think people can become addicted to computers?

E x a m practice

Reading a n d Use ofEnglish Exam tip

P a r t 5 : thinking about the options
Always read the question and each option carefully,
and underline the l<ey words.
Read the text again carefully and elimínate (cross out)
any wrong answers.
Find and underline evidence for your answers in
the text. Try not to guess unless you really have to!

6 Why does Helen think that people are more critical of

f Read the article on page 79 quickiy. How did Heien use
to feel about computer games? How does she feel now?
I For questions 1-8, choose the answer (A, B, C or D)
which you think fits best according to the article.
1 What is the writer's main point in the first paragraph?
A Addiction to gaming is a common problem.
B The press exaggerates the negative side of gaming.
C Gaming is as harmful as smoking.
D Gaming seriously affects students' performance
at school.
2 What does Helen mean by'geek'in line 22?
Asomeone who is obsessed by technology to an
embarrassing degree
B someone who is not very experienced at using
technology
C someone who is praised and admired for their
technological expertise
D someone who is not interested in technology
3 When her boyfriend first subscribed to EverQuest,
Helen
A did not say anything about the game.
B found playing the game boring.
C toid him that the game was childish.
D became enthusiastic about the game.
4 What does 'this' refer to in line 4 4 ?
A damaging the computer
B allowing Tom to play games
C feeling upset and annoyed
D arguing with Tom
5 What does Helen say she likes about EverQuest now?
A It allows her to do whatever she likes.
B It is ful! of realistic characters.
C It is almost as good as real life.
D It allows everyone to play as equals.
gaming than other hobbies?
A It doesn't require much intelligence.
B It is too time-consuming.
C It is not a traditional hobby.
D It does not offer many benefits.
7 The writer thinks some institutions are using computer
games at work in order to
A employ greater numbers of young people.
B make employees more intelligent.
C help employees to solve problems.
D help employees to feel calmer and more relaxed.
8 What do we learn about the writer's opinión of
computer games from reading this article?
A They do not have any negative consequences.
B They have been unfairly criticised.
C They can be enjoyed by everyone.
D They are superior to most other hobbies.
Vocabulary i n context: computers
Find words or expressions in the article that match 1-7.
1 stop the flow of power to something (paragraph 1)
2 copying a file from the internet (paragraph 2)
3 leave a game or website (paragraph 2)
something you use to represent yourself in a computer
4
game or oniine (paragraph 4)
5 not real; created by a computer (paragraph 4)
6 browsing different webpages (paragraph 5)
7 programs used to o p é r a t e a computer (paragraph 6)
• C o m p u t e r s • W o r k b o o k p. 40
••t'HUl'M'HI
( Q l Design an avatar! Turn to page 153 and follow the

0
instructions.
 Are Computer gamers victims
of addictioti - or prejudice?
Sarah Dylan investigates.
C omputergames are the latest media scare. Ifyou
believe the hype, they're highiy addictive and almost
as dangerous as cigarettes or alcohol. Features on gaming
dweil on the horror stories - the players who stare at
a monitorfordays, weeks or months a t a time, barely
pausing to sieep oreat, never mind study or social ¡se.
Mistakenly convinced that gaming ruins grades and
lives, parents and teachersthen demand thatteenagers
immediately putdown theirjoysticks and switch offtheir
computers. Some even cali forall games to be banned! But
is this concern reallyjustified? Gaming is a hugely popular
hobby, with millions of players woridwide. Surely not ai! of
these people are hopeless addicts and loners?
Helen Mackay is one player who contradicts the stereotype.
She is both a high-fiying student at a prestigious US
university, and a site administratoron EuerTalk-a
chatroom where fans of the online game EuerQuest
swap ideas and game cheats. But she wasn't always an
enthusiast. 'Until lastyear, my experience of computers
was limited to checking emails and downloading music,
and J prJded myself on not being very technologically
fe? minded, in otherwords, not being a geek! I'd nevereven
heard of EuerQuest until my boyfriend Tom bought a
subscription. Backthen I didn'tgetthe appeal and frankiy, I
thoughtTom was too oíd forthat kind of stuff But I held my
tongue, convinced he'd soon getfed up and log outforthe
lasttime.'
'When months
wentbyand hestill
showed no signs
of losing interest,
I gotincreasingly
bothered. I even
considered
'accidentally'
spillingcoffee over
his keyboard so he'd
beforced to stop
- b u t i knewthat
would start a row
and he'd oniycarry
on playinganyway.
And then I thought,
this isn't me, why am I behaving like this? So I had a go ¡n Une 44
secret, in a bid to be more sympathetic. I didn't really expect
to enjoy it. But aftera fewclicksof the mouse I was hooked!'
'The game was fun and surprisingly challenging. Every
action has a consequence, soyou have tothinkvery
carefully! Yes, the characters - oravatars as l've learned to
cali them - are rathersilly (l'm an elfl). However, they're
liberating too. When you're acting out a role in cyberspace,
you can't be judged by your looks, age or background.
Through the game l've made friends with a skater-punk in
Alaska and a 91-year-old Korean physicist. So-called 'reality'
could learn a lotfrom this virtual worid.'
Dees Helen consider herself a computer addict? 'Of course
not. Tom and I play gamesforaboutten hours a week.
That's much less time than the average American spends
surfingthe internet - orwatching TV! I think gamers are
often treated very unfairiy. We don'tsneer at people in
the same wayfor being sports'fanatics, and compulsive
readers are praised for being clever! But what's the
difference? Just because some hobbies have been around
for longerdoesn't mean they're necessarííy betterforyou.
Differentthings suit different people, that's all.'
However, anti-gaming prejudice may at last be startingto
wane. Many professional organisations, including NASA,
the Armed Forces and medical schools, are now designing
computergame software especially forstaff Cynics have
claimed that this is merely a gimmickto attract younger
applicants. However, ¡tseems more likely thatemployers
have been influenced by the latest scientific research.
Extensive studies have suggested that although playing
computer games can't significantly alter IQ* it does help
people to become better at analysing details and working
out Solutions - all essential workplace ski lis. The factthat it
aiso reduces stress is an added bonus!
Ofcourse, aswithanypleasurein life.youcan have too
much of a good thing. Devotingyourself entirely to one
activity is never healthy, whetheryour passion is gaming
- or studying! But maybe it's time for the technophobes to
relax a bit? Afew nours a week. p l a y i n g L u m p u t c r g o m e s
might not be the end of the worid, after all...
0
*a measure ofintellect
 >•• • •
G r a m m a r : the passive ••
»••• •

A Read this article. What is special about ASIMO? With a iQl^ R e a d the article. Would you like to be a s p a c e t o u r i s t ?
partner, decide which of the verb f o r m s in boid are active W h y ? / Why n o t ? Complete the t e x t using the a c t i v e or
and which are passive. How do we form the p a s s i v e ? p a s s i v e f o r m s of the v e r b s in bold.

Space adventure!
(1) ASIMO was designedI by Honda. Honda
(2) It is one of the most 4u
advanced robots that flBÉ^
has ever been created! ™
Ever since Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin (1
(3) I t h a s t h e a b i l i t y to
land) on the moon in 1969, we (2 fascínate)
waik. (4) The most advanced
modeis are equipped to3 perform by space travel. In the seventies it (3 predict)
complex lasks, like negotiating that by 2000 flights to the moon would be a part of
obstacles, or answering questions, everyday life! Although that prediction (4 not
(5) l'erhaps one day ASIMO robots
expect) to come true for a few more years, things
will be able to tielp us in our
everyday lives. (6) Tliey could be (5 begin) to change. Today, tourists, as well
asked to (ook dinner, walk the as astronauts, (6 allow / travel) into space!
dog, or even help with homework! In 2001, the businessman Dennis Tito (7
pay) approximately $20 million to the Russian
Space Agency. In return. Tito (8 give) the
chance to go into space. He (9 spend) seven
#
The passivei days orbiting the Earth. Now, several companies
hope to develop space tourism as an industry. It is
We use the passive:
• to emphasise the action or the object of the action possible that space 'buses and even space 'hotels'
(= who or what an action is done to) (10 might / build) in the future!
• when we do not know the agent (= who or what did
an action) or the agent is not important.
When it is essential to s a y who or what does the action, T h e s e s e n t e n c e s f r o m a s c i e n c e m a g a z i n e would all
we use by + agent. be better w r i t t e n in the p a s s i v e . R e w r i t e t h e m with
Latiguage s u m m a r y l^p. 162 a partner.

0 People have found evidence of life on Mars.

I R e a d the r u l e s and a n s w e r the questions. Bvidence ofiife om Mars has beer) foi/ihd.

1 Why does the writer choose the active or the passive 1 Someone has invented a time travel machine.
form for s e n t e n c e s 1-6 in Activity 1? 2 The government may ban all scientific experiments
2 Why does the first sentence include by + agent? Why on a n i m á i s .
doesn't the second sentence include by + agent? 3 Scientists predict that average life expectancy will
increase to 200 years.
R e a d s e n t e n c e s A-D, t h e n a n s w e r questions 1-3 with
4 J u d g e s have awarded the Nobel Prize for P h y s i c s to
a partner.
a teenager. -
A Robots are expected to changa the worid for
the better.
B Robots cannot be taught how to love, so they will
• •UJJll.lU.lii»
never think like humans.
In groups, w r i t e three true and t h r e e false s e n t e n c e s
C It has been said that by 2100 every home will
about f a m o u s a c h i e v e m e n t s , using p a s s i v e f o r m s of
own a robot.
v e r b s from the list.
D If too many skills are given to robots, they'll take over
the worid! build compose design direct discover elect
invent make open paint show write
1 Do you agree or disagree with the s t a t e m e n t s ? Give
reasons for your opinions. Ar0o lAjas direcfeá bLjJames Cayneroiñ. (Amsyi/er:
2 How do we form the passive with reporting verbs FALSB. ItiAjas direofed bij Bem Affieck.)
(thinl<, believe, etc.)? Find two ways.
3 How do we form the passive with verbs with two R e a d your s e n t e n c e s to another group, and g u e s s which

0
objects (send, offer, etc.)? Find two ways. of their s e n t e n c e s a r e t r u e .
 «••
•••••'
Reading and Use o f E n g r l i s h : Part 4 - K e y w o r d transformation ••••
••• •
C e t r e a d y : have I get something done

' With a partner, explain the difference between the two illustrations.

have / get something done

We use have/get something done to talk about things which
someone else does for us (we do not do them o u r s e l v e s ) .

Read the rules. Do sentences 1-3 describe illustration A or B ?

1 He's getting his car fixed.

2 He's fixing his car.
3 He's having his car fixed.

^ Write four sentences about your life using get / have done.
Discuss your sentences with your partner, giving details.

One ofmij ¡eastfavomte fhii^gs is geffi'ng mij teefh checked at B

fhe deinfísVs. / ' m glad I otníij have fv go fwice a ijearl
G r a m m a r boost • have / get something done • Workbook p. 43

R e a d i n g a n d U s e of E n g l i s h
P a r t 4 : making changes
E x a m practice
You will always need to make changes to grammar or vocabulary -
Complete the exam task. and you will often need to change both.
You usually need to change at least two things in your answer,
e.g. He prefers Science to Maths. ( L I K E )
He does not like Science as much as Maths.
Watch out! You must never change the key word!

For questions 1-6, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word
given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
Write oniy the missing words IN CAPITAL L E T T E R S .

0 Luckily, the car had enough petrel. RUN

Luckily, we ...D/DNTR.íy.N O.tyfOF... petrel.

1 According to the witness, the person fiying the space ship w a s an alien! BEING
According to the report, the space ship an alien!
2 I prefer writing emails to letters. RATHER
I than a letter.
3 The astronaut always hated having his photo taken. SOMEONE
The astronaut didn't like it his photo.
4 We were prevented from using the computer room by a power cut. COULD
A power cut meant the computer room.
5 People say that the first bicycle w a s invented by Leonardo da Vinci. SAID
The first bicycle invented by Leonardo d a Vinci.
6 Someone installed the program for me a few minutes ago. JUST
I installed.
Get r e a d y : communication
With a partner, describe what's happening in
the photos A-F. Then discuss questions 1-3.
1 What are the advantages and
disadvantages of these different kinds
of communication?
2 Which type or types of communication do
you think would be best for:
a appiying for a Job?
b telling a friend you're going to be late?
c spiitting up with a boyfriend or girifriend?
3 Which of these forms of communication
do you use most / least often? Why?
With a partner, complete the list of
complaints about phones with the correct
form of the words in the list. Which of these
annoys you the most?
cali cut hang lose pick tone wrong
Phone mo&.r\£.\
I leaving a message. for som&orie. viro
rever i^oo b&tíc
1 someone op lOhile. you're.
s\t +alk.ing
h -tVie. signal or ge--Ming
off during an impor+an+ cali
t-i'i-m-i'i-i'Hi
A being +00 écw +o up -fne.
phone
t) acciden+ally oalling -tVie number
(o hearing crtiner people's au)ful mobile
ring s!
W o r d b o o s t i • Communicatíon
• Workbookp.40
82
E x a m practice
Listening Part 3: iUXdLm £lj
listening for clues
Listen for synonyms and paraphrases.
Think about topic vocabuiary.
Make inferences about the Information you hear, e.g. if you hear
that someone can't stand animáis, you could infer that they don't
have a pet.
; « « 7.2 You will hear five people taiking about mobile phones. For
questions 1-5, choose from the list (A-H) what each speaker says.
Use the letters oniy once. There are three extra letters which you do
not need to use.
Speaker 1 Q Speaker 2 Q Speaker 3 Q
Speaker 4 Q Speaker 5 Q
A Mobile phones are unnecessarily complicated.
B Mobiles are more suitable for younger users.
C Modern mobile phone technology is much better than it used to be.
D Having a mobile can stop you feeling lonely.
E People's mobiles can tell you about their personality.
F Mobile phone users ought to be polite.
G Texting is more convenient than chatting on a mobile phone.
H Some people use their mobiles too much.
m i 7.2 Complete these statements about mobiles from the
recording. Then listen again and match them to the speakers. Which
statements do you agree with? Why?
1 It's no substitute for taiking f -to-f .
2 Mobiles m life so much less complicated.
3 A mobile is simply a tool, a handy way to s in t
with people.
4 You've got to k u . with the latest technology.
5 My ringtone says I don't t _ _ myself too seriousiy.
 What c a n be difficult about doing these j o b s ?

Look at photos A and B and read the question. With a E x a m practice

partner, write down as many similarities and differences
between the photos as you can think of. Then decide on
your four best ideas. S p e a k i n g P a r t 2: Exam tip
taiking for one minute
^ ^ w M 7.3 Listen to a student comparing the two photos Don't panic! Taiking for one minute is easier than
and answer the questions. it sounds.
Talk about similarities and differences between
1 How many of your ideas from Activity 1 dees the photos.
she include? Speculate about why something is happening or what
2 Do you think she misses out anything important? people are feeling.
3 Dees she add any new ¡deas? Give reasons for your ideas.
Don't waste time trying to think of the 'perfect' word -
Don't worry if you don't understand every detail in
paraphrase instead.
the photos - suggest your own ideas. Complete these
expressions from the recording. Then listen again and
check. Can you think of any other useful expressions --!». 7.4 Work with a partner. S t u d e n t A, look at the
you could use? photos on page 150. S t u d e n t B, look at t h e photos on
I don't t many people c do either page152.
of these Jobs. • Listen to the instructions, then complete the task, using
Ii that's difficult sometimes. ¡deas from the Exam tip.
It looks as t the scientists are working with • L¡sten carefully whüe your partner ¡s speak¡ng. What .
Chemicals. express¡ons does he / she use for a) speculating,
I think he's p„ . making something, but l'm not b) comparing and contrasting?
sure e what.
M _ it's some k„ . of machine?
6 l'ds . that both jobs are really dangerous.
7 If you a _ me, there's a big difference between
the attitude of the scientists.
8 It m be a great feeling to build something
I that.
9 Well, that's my opinión, a„
 )••• • •
)••• • •
W o r d b u i l d i n g : science 11 ) • • • •• ••

Negative prefixes C o l l o c a t i o n s ( 2 ) : verhs +

prepositions
In 2 0 2 4 , Mr and Mrs S t e e l become d i s s a t i s f i e d with their son Max
and replace him with the robot S u p e r M a x 1.0! Complete the table ^ Match 1-6 to A - F to complete Mrs S t e e l ' s
with their c r i t i c i s m s , using p r e f i x e s f r o m the list. complaints about Max.
1 1 s u s p e c t him A on him.
2 He never thinks B of lying.
3 1 can't depend C at me!
4 He laughs D with the chores.
5 He doesn't s t u d y E about anyone else!
6 He never helps F for his e x a m s .

Complete the s e n t e n c e s with the

prepositions. With a partner, decide
w h e t h e r y o u agree with s t a t e m e n t s 1-7,
explaining w h y .

about in in from on to with

-dts^ il- im- in- ir- un- Scientists shouldn't i n t e r f e r e .

S u p e r M a x 1.0
is obedient.
is considérate,
2 is reliable.
3 is responsible.
nature.
Max Most people know more
literature than science.
is disobediemt
More time should be dedicated
scientific programmes on T V .
Science is a boy's subject. Giris should be
discouraged studying Science.

4 is mature. It's completely unethical for scientists to

experiment animáis.
5 acts logically.
Hollywood has s u c c e e d e d
making science look 'cool'.
Complete the table below with the opposite f o r m s of the w o r d s
It's illogical to believe the
in t h e list. T h e n t r y to add one more word to e a c h c a t e g o r y .
supernatural. Everything can be explained
scientifically.
accurate - a f f e e - approve dependence employment important
legally ¡itérate moral probable regular reversible
L a n g i i a g e s i i m m a r y ( • p . 162

1 dis- ' disa^ree

Over to y o n
2 il-
3 im- I With a partner, d i s c u s s how important e a c h
of t h e s e p i e c e s of technology is to y o u
4 in-
personally and why. T h e n put the I t e m s in
5 ir- order of i m p o r t a n c e .
6 un-
c a m e r a computar kettie microwave

1
mobile MP3 player T V set watch
Complete the questions with words from Activity 2 . Then ask and
answer the questions with a partner. Find two things you agree about.
1 Do you think that having all the latest gadgets is essential or
P / completely depend on ...
?
This really helps m e to...
2 Do you agree or that the subject of Computer I would fínd it impossible to Uve without...
Science is more difficult than English? ... is unimportant / inessential, because ...
3 Have you ever read any or misleading Information
Word boost • W o r k b o o k p. 8 2
on the internet? What w a s it?
Do you agree that people w h o . download music
from the internet should go to prison?
• ».lil.lit.l.lJ,41l..l„UlllAifc.n1fii^

84
R e a d i n g a n d U s e o f E n g l i s h : Part 3 - Word formation

C e t r e a d y : word stem transformations

(1)
^ J l R e a d about t h e w o r l d ' s f i r s t real computen,
E N I A C ( 1 9 4 6 ) . L a b e l t h e photo with t h e noun f o r m
of the words in boid in t h e e x t r a c t below.

ENIAC was 30.5 metres long, 2.4 metres high,

0.9 metres deep, and it weighed around 30 tons!

Creating word-building t a b l e s c a n be a good w a y

to r e v i s e . Complete t h e table with a partner. Add
five more r o w s with w o r d s y o u h a v e learnt in t h i s
course.

Adjective Noun Verb Adverb

coy/ipefifive, compefi't^g coynpefifiolo, coynpefifor compete competífiveíij

compefifivemss
death X

2 memorise
3 believe
4 destructive
5 success
6 life

Word b a o |; • Word stem transformations • Workbook p. 41

R e a d i n g a n d Use of E n g l i s h EXB.m típ

Exam practice
fQl R e a d t h e a r t i c l e below, ignoring t h e g a p s . Why is
T h o m a s ivlidgley ' t h e unluckiest i n v e n t o r ' ?
Complete the e x a m t a s k .
P a r t 3 : the whole word
Add t h e c o r r e c t s u f f i x . Think about meaning a s weil a s
part of s p e e c h . S o m e words c a n form t h r e e nouns!
Add a prefix if y o u need t h e negative f o r m .

For questions 1-8, use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in
the s a m e line. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL L E T T E R S .

T h e unluckiest inventor?

Thomas Midgley (1889-1944) is (0) ..PQ:S.SI^.Iry... the world's

unluckiest inventor. He w a s incrediblyP O S S I B L E
(1) in his day, patenting over a hundred different ideas and receiving SUCCEED
(2) awards and medals. However, several of his inventions proved to be highiy NUMBER
dangerous. It has been suggested that Thomas Midgley is responsible for more (3) ENVIRONMENT
damage than any other personi

One of Thomas Midgley's most significant inventions was leaded petrol, which turned out to produce
poisonous fumes which cause permanent, (4) damage to people's health. He aiso patented REVERSE
a chiorinated fluorocarbon (CFC), which contributed significantly to the (5) of the ozone DESTROY
layer. Midgley's inventiveness aiso ultimately cost him his life. After a bad attack of polio left him with the
(6) to walk without help, he invented a system of harnesses to support himself. Tragically, ABLE
one day he became entangled in the harnesses, which resulted in his (7) DIE

Thomas Midgley w a s an extremely unlucky inventor, whose best ideas (8) proved to FORTUNATE
have terrible consequences.
 2 How do you think we can encourage more people
to study Science?

Analyse the task

Dear Mr Watson,
Read the letter on the right. Which three things
does Flavia write to complain about? What one
I am writing to complain about the Science
positive thing does she say? course which I recently attended at your college.
Although it was certainly challenging, with
It is a good idea to use a range of language in a Une 5 interesting and demanding assignments, in other
formal letter. Match the expressions and linkers in respects it was unsatisfactory.
boid in Flavia's letter to the following categories. First of all, the instructor was frequently late.
1 Adding or ordering I felt this was unacceptable as everyone had paid
ideas to attend. Furthermore, we were not provided
Une 10 with any books, which made it difficult
2 Expressing contrast to revise.
Last but not least, I must add I was disappointed
3 Giving a reason by the fact that students were not allowed to do
experiments themselves. These were all performed
Une 15 by the instructor and, since the class was very
4 ivlaking a suggestion large, it was not always possible to see what was
happening. I would recommend that students are
5 Asking for something
given more practical experience on future courses.
I would like to request a partial refund of my fees
Une 20 in compensation. I look forward to hearing
6 Expressing from you.
dissatisfaction
Yours sincerely,
Find examples of the passive in Flavia's letter. Why
Flavia D'Angelo
is it often a good idea to use the passive in this
type of letter?

0
I m p r o v e y o u r wríting: pronouns R e a d y to w r i t e !

Complete the rules about pronouns with the words in After you have visited a museum, you read a leaflet
the iist. What other kinds of pronouns are there? which asks for feedback on its exhibits and its other
It This They facilities. It aiso asks visitors to explain why they do
or do not enjoy visiting museums in general. Write
your letter.
Pronouns
Write 140-190 words in an appropriate styie.
To avoid repetition and to linl< ideas more effectively, we
can use pronouns. For example, we can use pronouns to
refer back to:
Read the exam task above. What opening and
• a singular noun (I attended the course. The course
closing expressions will you need to use in your
(1) was terrible.)
letter? Why?
• a plural noun (We ordered some books. The books
(2) never arrived.)
• a piece of Information (I complained to the manager. 9 Write some notes about points you might say in
your letter.
Complaining to the manager (3) was a
mistake.)
Feedback Oh eKhibifs -
I Read Flavia's letter again. What do the following feedback OH facilities -
pronouns refer to? Feelih0s about visitihg mi^sei^ms ito ^eheml •
0 which (Une 3) theSciemce coi^rse
1 it (Une 4)
2 this r/Zne S ; Look at the Exam tip and the notes you made
3 which (Une 10) in Activity 9. Decide:
4 These (Une 14) 1 how many paragraphs you will need to use.
2 how you can connect your ideas.
Choose the correct alternatives to complete this extract
from a publicity leaflet.
W r i t i n g P a r t 2: EXBZtl tip
organisation and cohesión j
Plan your ideas about all of the notes befare i
Thankyou for visiting the Science Today you write.
Use a new paragraph for each main topic.
museum. We welcome your feedback to help
Begin and end a letter or email with suitable
make (1) it/them even better! expressions.
Make sure that your ideas 'flew'. Don't just
First, we would like to know more about address each point in turn - try to connect
(2) you / yourself. Do you usually enjoy going to our ideas together.

museums? Why? W ñ t i n g r e f e r c n c e ... ^ p . 173

With over two hundred exhibits, we like to think

that our museum offers (3) anything / something
for (4) all / everyone. Our 'sky at night' and
'inside the mind' centres have proved particularly
popular. (5) Which / What one did you prefer?
Last year we opened three new cafés. Did you
visit (6) any / some of (7) this / these? What did
you think?
Write your letter. Make sure you organise your
ideas clearly and use a range of formal expressions
and linkers.
When you have finished, look at the checkiist
on page 173. Check your letter and make any
corrections.

Please write to Marli Clinton witli comments

and suggestions for improvements.
Unit 7 üwits 1-2
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs In the Choose the correct alternative to complete
list. Include the words in boid in brackets where provided. each sentence.
correct estímate guarantee install O We're looking ¡hfa , why the
occur -ptirchose repair experiment failed.
A up (g) inte
C GUt D at
Hoinework Whizz 3000 1 The Science Museum is not to be
0 Congratulations! You hweji^stpi/irchased (just)
A left B missed
Homework Whizz 3000 from the Online Superstore.
C escaped D lost
1 Once opened, the software (must) on your
2 It , years for him to perfect his
Computer immediately.
invention.
2. Installation to take ten minutes. A last B spent
3 All homework assignments
by our '100% C passed D took
accuracy' program.
4 In the unlikely event that any faults ,, please 3 This new weight-loss machine will help
contact our helpline. you stay in great !
5 It is important to get faulty software A shape B width
-by
a professional. C size D build
6 Cüstomer satisfaction (always)! 4 The scientists out over the
disaster and never spoke again.
A went B fell

9 Write words for the definitions using the correct form of

the words in bold. jpt
C got D spiit
^...1 Complete the text with the words in the list.
0 not accurate maccumtB
1 something which has been invented although as weli as despite- if
2 a doctor who is trained in psychiatry like many much since too
3 find a solution to a probiem
4 the opposite of upfoad ^^^^^^^^^^^

Complete the text about some unusual

museums. Would you like to visit any of these?
Why? / Why not?

I
n Oregon, USA, ttiere's a museum which
is completely dedicated (O) with / tO:
telephones! The museum includes some of
the earliest mobile phones. Expensive and
(1) un- / ir- reliable (users were regularly
out (2) off / o u t ) , they nevertheless had
one big advantage - they didn't have any (O) Despife ¡ts reputation as stories for geeks, science
annoying (3) cali / ring tonas! fiction has accurately predicted (1) genuine scientific
Have you ever thought (4) about / of developments. (2) you use the internet this week, spare
how pencils were made? The Cumberland a thought for the writers who imagined the concept in the 1970s.
Pencil Museum in the U K sets (5) for / out Some predictions are (3) oider. The writer
the complete history of this tool. People H. G. Wells (1866-1946) foresaw air conditloning and automatic
first came (6) on / up with the idea of doors, (4) video recording! (5) Jules Verne
writing with graphite i n the 1500s, but it first described them in 1889, iaptops and videophones have
wasn'tuntilmuchlaterthatpeopleworked become popular. (6) TV and film writers have given us a
(7) out / for that soft graphite was easier lot of silly ideas, (7) weird silver clothes and time travel,
to hold i n wooden cases!
they have made some more impressive predictions
(8) . While you're watching oíd episodes of Star Trek,
look out for the early mobile phones and computer disks!
HHHHHHHm ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

88
 Topic v o c a b u l a r y : emotions * abstract nouns
• laughter
G r a m m a r : modal verbs (2) • coordinating Imkers
Word b u i l d i n g : responses • phrasal verbs (4)
make and do
W r i t i n g : an informal email • word order
E x a m pireparation: Reading and Use of English
Parts 1, 2 and 6 e Listening Part 4 • Spealdng Par
3 and 4 = Writing Part 2

before we met,
see is a potential threat.
_ , it isn't nice.
You've heard me saying that s was my oniy vice
2=
But now ,t isn't t , now everything is new, '
And all I ve learned has overturned, I b of you-
Don'tgo wostingyour e
Lay all your love on me.

Rise up this m„^ .

Smiled with the rising s .
Three littie birds
Pitched by my doorstep,
Singing songs
Of melodies puré and true,
Saying, this is my m .toyou.
Singing, don't w_ about a thing,
•cause every littie tliing's gonna be

Emotions

^ Quickiy read tiie song lyrics, ignoring the gaps. Are these songs
happy or sad? Discuss with a partner.

8.1 With a partner, try to guess which words complete the

lyrics. Then listen and check your answers.

^ Work in groups. Match the emotion adjectives in the list to

songs 1-3. Which other emotion words appear in the songs?
How many more emotion words can you think of in one minute?
Well, since my b
anxious chilled-out despairing gloomy ¡nsecure I found a new place to dweil.
It's at the end of Lonely Street
light-hearted miserable suspicious upbeat
At Heartbreak Hotel.
You mal<e me so lonely baby
^ 1 Discuss which emotions the words in boid are expressing in the I get so lonely I get so lonely I could d
song lyrics 1-5. What do you think the songs are about? And although it's always c :,
1 He just waiked a w a y ... I cried like a baby, it hurt me so much You still can find some room.
and l'm down. - Dolly P a r t o n , Down Where b -hearted lovers
2 Look what I found: the way to heaven. l'm over the moon ... Do c away their gloom.
since I found you. - Liv Kristine, Over the Moon ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

3 Stop just what you're doing to me. Y o u drive me mad! Oh baby,

why can't you see that l'm s a d ? - Duffy, Stop
Over to y o u
4 I just can't help myself, don't want nobody else, l'm so c r a z y
What kind of music do you listen to when you're
about you. - Master P, Crazy About Ya
feeling a) upbeat, b) gloomy, c) chilled-out?
5 You're fed up with all my bad habits, you're sick of me.
Why? Do you listen to the same kind of music
- Green Day, Sick of Me as your partner?
Word boost • Emotions • Workbook p. 46
 • • • •<
)•••<
)•••<
R e a d i n g a n d U s e o f E n g l i s h : Part 6 - G a p p e d text

Exatti practice

R e a d i n g a n d Use of E n g l i s h r a m ti¡
P a r t 6 : reference words j
Look f o r r e f e r e n c e words (pronouns, linkers and t i m e
expressions) t o u n d e r s t a n d how a t e x t is organised.
Underline any r e f e r e n c e w o r d s in t h e sentences.
Underline any r e f e r e n c e w o r d s in t h e t e x t before and
a f t e r each gap.
Working out w h a t t h e s e w o r d s r e f e r t o will help y o u
t o c o m p l e t e each gap c o r r e c t i y .

Read t h e f i r s t paragraph in the article on page 91. Then

read t h e sentence below, which c o m p l e t e s gap 0 in t h e
a r t i c l e . With a p a r t n e r , decide how t h e r e f e r e n c e words
in red and blue and t h e underlining in t h e article help us
t o place this sentence in t h e gap.

At first this seems a slightiy strange ttiing to do.

Seven sentences have been r e m o v e d f r o m t h e a r t i c l e .

With a p a r t n e r , m a t c h p h o t o s A - G t o t h e topics in t h e
list. How can these f a c t o r s a f f e c t our happiness?
family and friends health money schoolorwork
t h e w e a t h e r where you live your personality
Rank the factors in order of importance f r o m 1-7, w i t h 1
being the most i m p o r t a n t . Decide as a class which is the
most important factor for happiness!
You are going t o read a magazine article about a
p r o f e s s o r who studies and w r i t e s about happiness.
Read the article on page 91 quickiy, ignoring the gaps.
Choose f r o m t h e sentences A-G t h e one which f i t s each
gap (1-6). There is one e x t r a s e n t e n c e which you do not
need t o use.
Nevertheless, it takes time and effort for people to
improve their basic leve! of happiness.
B What's more, there is evidence that it can even extend
your ufe by up to nine years.
It can seem profound, whereas happiness is often
unfairly linked to superficiality.
D Well, it seems that the exact recipe for this varies f r o m
person to person.
E Unfortunately, it isn't a very profound emotion, and it
doesn't usually last for long.
F But despite this general interest, happiness is still a
littie-discussed topic in academic circles.
G Prof. Mead thinks that the rest of us should be inspired
by this example.
With a p a r t n e r , discuss t h e following questions.
1 What does Professor Mead mean when she says
that 'there's a certain glamour attached to misery'?
(paragrapti 3) Do you agree? Why? / Why not?
2 Why do Costa Ricans 'have the highest life satisfaction

0
What are t h e t h r e e main levéis of happiness? in the worid'? (paragrapt) 7) Which places make you
happy? Why?
 i Then I arrive at her office,
y V Professor Mead is watching a
Tapanese comedy while making lots of
notes. Atftntfhis seems a slighHíj
sframge fhing fo do. But Prof. Mead soon
reassures me with an explanation. T m
not just watcfiing for entertainment -
this is part of my work! By investigating
the things which bring us enjoyment,
I can learn more about what cheers us
up, or brings us down. I'm on a mission
to uncover the secrets of happiness!'
Happiness is a topic that has fired the
popular imagination, as demonstrated
by the growing market for personal
development books, each promising to
bring bliss and fulfilment to our lives.
According to Prof Mead,
depression is stiU a more fashionable
topic in university departments.
'Strangely, I think there's a certain
glamour attached to misery, which is
associated with poets and musicians.
This drives me mad,
especially when people expect me
to have a passion for kittens and
rainbows!'
I observe that her office is very plain
and businesslike. 'That's quite delibérate!
I want to encourage people to take my
subject more seriously, because in my
eyes it is hugely important. Happiness
offers US an impressive array of benefits.
For instance, it boosts your confidence,
which in turn can help you achieve
greater success. 3 This means
it's almost as essential for your health as
exercise and a balanced diet!'
Prof Mead believes there are three
levéis of happiness. At the bottom,
The secret of
Professor Clarissa Mead
teaches and writes on the
subject of happiness.
there's pleasure, which is the feeling
we get from having fun. However, this
type of enjoyment has its downside.
So when it passes, we can
feel flat. That's why some people
become thrill-seekers, addicted to
pleasure. Not all happiness is good
for us! The next level is the feeling of
intense joy, such as that experienced
by lottery winners or newly dating
couples. We often wrongly assume that
if only we were wealthy, famous or in
love then we could be joyful forever.
However, it seems we are surprisingly
bad at predicting what will bring us
long-term happiness. In fact, studies
have shown that only one year after
realising these dreams, our sense
of well-being will have retumed to
previous levéis.
For Prof Mead, the best and most
sustainable form of happiness is
contentment, a basic satisfaction with
our lives as a whole. So how do we
become content? 5 However,
it seems to consist of certain key
ingredients, including living in a pleasant
environment and having the freedom to
pursue our interests and ambitions. Our
relationships with other people are even
more significant - it seems it's harder to
be happy alone!
Close-knit families and communities
are both highly valued in Costa Rica,
which recently came top in the Happy
Planet Index. The Happy Planet Index
rates countries in terms of sustainable
well-being. The project found that Costa
Ricans have the highest life satisfaction
in the world and high life expectancy,
yet are among the lowest resource
consumers on the planet. Despite being
a so-called 'developing' country, most
of the members of this beautiftil and
friendly nation enjoyed a very high
quality of life. ( Tiving in a
place we love surrounded by people
we care about may not seem as exciting
as becoming a millionaire, but it's more
likely to make us happy. Luckily, it's
much more achievable too!'

VocabuEary i n context:
abstract nouns Wrlte around 5 0 - 8 0 words on the subject of what
happiness means to you. Include at least four
Abstract nouns describe emotions or ideas. Form nouns abstract nouns.
from the following adjectives and verbs. Then find and
checl< your answers in the article. To me, happiness meam havi>)0 the freedom fo Uve
1 entertain 2 enjoy 3 depress buj mij onjn mies, ¡fdmes me mad when people frij fv
4 passionate 5 succeed 6 please fell me whaffo do!
7 content 8 satisfy 9 free
Compare your ideas with a partner. Which of your
Word boost • Abstract nouns • 'Wbrkbook p. 46 partner's ideas do you agree or disagree with?
 •••
••• •• ••
G r a m m a r : modal verbs (2) •••
••• •• ••

Watch out! couidn't

We use might not (have) or may not (have) to talk

about something that possibly isn't true.
Jack's late, tie might not / may not / couldn't
have got my message about the party.
We use could not (have) to talk about something that
definitely isn't true.
Oh no! Jack might /may / couldn't have got
your message because I forgot to send it!

R e a d t h e dialogue quickiy, then d i s c u s s t h e s e questions:

T h i s man ¡s a l w a y s happy! What's his s e c r e t ? R e a d one
s t u d e n t ' s ideas, then work wlth a p a r t n e r and add two 1 What did J a c k dream about?
more ideas of your own. 2 What does Kasia think it might m e a n ?
3 Do you agree that dreams can have meanings?
A He might be pretending to be cheerful. T h a t ' s one
W h y ? / W h y not?
explanation, anyway!
B He must be a very chilled-out person. That much is
obvious! Jack: I h a d a w e i r d dream last night. I w a s being
C l'm not sure, but he may have come from a wealthy chased b y a w i l d animal - (O) it's p o s s i b l e
background.
t h a t it w a s a l i o n o r a tiger. O r (1) p e r h a p s
D He can't have had many problems in his life, that's
it w a s n ' t a cat - ( 2 ) p e r h a p s it w a s s o m e
for sure.
E He couldn't be living ¡n poverty, or he wouldn't look k i n d o f m o n s t e r ! W h a t do y o u think it means?
so cheerful.
K a s i a : Well, it doesn't s o u n d very pleasant, so
F He must have grown up In a very cióse family. T h a t ' s
( 3 ) l ' m s u r e it d o e s n ' t m e a n a n y t h i n g
essential for happiness.
good! (4) l ' m certain that you're feeling
1^ Look at the ideas in A c t i v i t y 1 again. Complete the table a n x i o u s - that's w h y you're having b a d dreams.
with the modal v e r b s in red. (5) It's possible that the a n i m a l represents
a p r o b l e m , like y o u r exams, or your job at the
Modal verbs (2): deduction shop.

Modal verb U s a d w h e n w e a r e ... Jack: H m m , ( 6 ) it's definitely m y e x a m s - l ' m very

1 could, w o r r i e d about them. W h a t do y o u think, Ela?
not s u r e about something
OR
Ela: I think you're both talking rubbish! ( 7 ) I t ' s
2 sure that something is true possible that the a n i m a l doesn't represent
a n y t h i n g at all. Y o u w a t c h e d a horror film
3 last night, didn't you? ( 8 ) l ' m quite s u r e it
sure that something ¡s NOT true
OR gave y o u n i g h t m a r e s - that's the most rational

Language summary • p. 163 explanation!

| | | | In which s e n t e n c e s in A c t i v i t y 1 do the modal v e r b s R e w r i t e the p a r t s in boid in 1-8 in A c t i v i t y 5 using

refer to: modal v e r b s .
1 the present simple? O itcoMldhai/ebeehc^ lioioorati'geK
2 the present continuous?
3 thepast?

R e a d the Watch out! box, then complete the s e n t e n c e s .

Use your imagination! Work with a partner. T u r n to page 153 and d i s c u s s t h e
questions.
1 That athlete looks disappointed. He can't...
2 Why is that giri crying? Her boyfriend may ...
3 l'm worried about y e s t e r d a y ' s test. 1 might not...
4 That couple look over the moon. T h e y must...
R e a d i n g a n d U s e o f E n g l i s h : Part 2 - Open cloze • •• • •
G e t r e a d y : coordmatmg linkers

Read the extract from a dream dictionary on the right.

Have you ever dreamt of these things? Do you agree flyíng
with the explanations?
Dreaming of flying is very posittve! It not only
means you're happy with life, but aho that you're
^ Look at the coordinating linkers (= linkers with two well on the way to achieving your ambitions.
parts) In boid in Activity 1. Which can we use:
1 to say that two things are t r u e ? being chased
2 to say that two things are not t r u e ? Dreaming that you're being chased means you're
3 to e x p r e s s a choice between two possibilities? strugghng with a problem. Right now, you're neither
facmg up to your worries ñor trying to change the
^jjl Complete the sentences with your own ideas, then
situation, so the problem's getttng worse!
compare your sentences with a partner.
falling
1 If 1 want to cheer myself up, 1 either ...
2 Neither ... are good to do when you're s t r e s s e d . Dreaming of falling has both positive and negative
mterpretattons, depending on whether you felt happy
3 1 don't get annoyed easily, but both ... drive me mad!
or sad tn the dream. It can either mean that you feel
4 When l'm feeling over the moon about something
conñdent enough to take risks, or that you feel down
1 not oniy... and anxious.
C r a m m a r boost 1 • Coordinating linkers
• Workbookp.49

R e a d i n g a n d U s e of E n g l i s h Exam tip
Exam practice P a r t 2 : the whole context I
Quickiy read the exam task, ignoring the gaps. Don't just look at the words around a gap. I
Do people al! over the worid a) feel the same emotions, Key Information may appear at the start, middie or end :
b) use the same body language? of a sentence or elsewhere in the text. I
Remember, some expressions consist of two or more i
^ Complete the exam task. sepárate parts, e.g. ne/ííier... ñor. j

For questions 1-8, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap.
There is an example at the beginning (0).
Write your answers IN CAPITAL L E T T E R S .

E x p r e s s yourself!

What does a Kazakhstani tribesman have (0) IM common with a Brazilian student? Scientists have discovered
that, while languages and cultures can vary widely around the worId, in (1) respect we're all very much alike.
Both the Kazakhstani and the Brazilian are capable of feeling and expressing (2) same six basic emotions:
sadness, happiness, fear, anger, surprise and disgust.

Remarkably, w e use similar facial expressions for each of these emotions, regardiess of our background. For instance,
most people either smile (3) laugh to express happiness.

But (4) these similarities, interpreting other people's emotions isn't always easy. In the U S and Latín America,
people usually prefer a big, wide smile. In contrast, people in Asia not (5) use smaller movements, but they
aiso smile (6) frequentiy. People who smile a lot may be seen a s insincere, rather (7) friendiy!

Scientists believe that a s much a s 7 0 % of all communication is non-verbal, so understanding different expressions and
gestures is very important. (8) avoid embarrassment, travellers should remember that looking directly into
someone's eyes is considered aggressive in the West Indies, and nodding the head up and down means 'no', not 'yes',
in Bulgaria!
 •
®««•
••••
L i s t e n i n g : Part 4 - Múltiple cholee • ••^
• ••^
••••
••••
Get r e a d y : laughter E x a m practíce

TXT Tiiej. L i s t e n i n g P a r t 4 : attitude Exam tip

In Part 4 , you need to listen for opinions and

a ATS.
IRK.
attitudes, not just facts.
Opinión expressions such as / th'mk and observation
expressions such as seems like can give you clues.
Emphasis or the way something is described can
revea! a speaker's opinión.

M|j 8 . 2 You will hear an interview with Zadie Mack,

a comedian who has just toured America. For
questions 1-7, choose the best answer (A, B or C).

1 What does Zadie say about performing live on stage?

A It's sometimes boring.
B It isn't well-paid.
C It can be v e r y tiring.
2 Why did Zadie decide to follow a career
in c o m e d y ?
A Her parents encouraged her.
B Her grandfather inspired her.
C Her teachers suggested the idea.
3 Zadie got on well with her t e a c h e r s because they
^1 Match the reviews 1-3 to the topics A - C above. Which is the
thought she w a s
most positive / negative review? Why?
A a good-natured girl.
B an intelligent student.
1 Some of the dialogue is extremely witty. Unfortunately,
C a talented performer.
the script is let down by the acting - some of the actors take
themselves too seriously. They need to relax and have some fun! 4 For Zadie, what w a s the most difficult part of
getting started in c o m e d y ?

2 It'simpossibletoreadthiswithoutlaughingoutloud! A learning how to cope with criticism

B working for extremely long hours
Both the drawings and the captions are absolutely hilarious. I'd
C having to develop her act by herself
recommend ¡t to anyone with a sense of humour!
5 What is Zadie's best source of ideas for j o k e s ?
A reading stories in the news
3 I think the act needs more work. He told a lot of jokes, but I
B watching other comedians' acts
didn't laugh at very many. Fm not really keen on comedians who
C listening to people's conversations
make fun of other people - it was cruel rather than amusing.
6 A s a result of Zadie's s u c c e s s ,
A her shows are completely full.
Work with a partner and write definitions for five of the B some people recognise her.
words and expressions in boid in the reviews in Activity 1. C she has changed her image.

lAjiffij - fi^mtnij amd cíever 7 Zadie thinks that comedians should try to be
A honest.
^1 What's the difference in meaning between the words in boid B original. . /
in these s e n t e n c e s ? C likeable.
A T h e comedian was funny. We couldn't stop laughing.
B What's making that funny noise? I don't know what's
causing it.
(Q^ Discuss these questions with a partner.
C We should invite Rob to the party. He's great fun!
1 Would you like to be a comedian? Why? / Why
Write a short review of a funny show, film or cartoon you've not? What aspects of the Job do you think you'd
seen recently. Include expressions from Activities 1 and 3. find the most difficult?
2 What's your favourite j o k e ? Tell your partner. Did
• Laughter • Workbook p. 46 you make them laugh?

0
S p e a k i n g : Parts 3/4 - CoUaborative task and foUow-up discussion : )••• •

With a partner, compare photos A-C and answer the ^ Work with a partner. Match these expressions from the
questions. dialogue (1-7) to their function (A-G). Add at least two
1 Why are the people celebrating? more expressions for each of A - G .
2 Which party looks like the most fun and why? 1 Well, A sequencing your ideas
3 What do you think makes a successful party? 2 First ofall, B giving yourself time to
3 Personally, think
^ 8.3 Listen to two students taiking about parties.
4 So, we've agreed that, C responding to the other
Which of the topics below do they discuss, and in
5 Whatelse? speaker
what order?
6 And another thing, D asking for input
decorations fireworks food gifts guests music 7 Yeah, good point. E adding ideas
F expressing an opinión
G concluding / summarising
Exam practica
íQ^ With a partner, look at the written prompts on page 155
and discuss these Part 3 questions.
Speakíng P a r t s 3 a n d 4: Exam tip
listening • How can these things make people feel happier if they
In Parts 3 and 4, it is important to listen as well as speak. are feeling sad?
Always reply to any questions that your partner asks you. • Which two of these things would be the most effective?
Respond to your partner's ideas before you give your 1 ^ Read these Part 4 questions, then write one more of
own opinión. your own. Discuss each question with a partner and try
Don't be afraid to disagree, but always be polite! to find one thing you have in common.
1 When you're feeling sad, do you think it's better to be
I Read the Exam tip and these extracts from the
alone or with friends? Why?
dialogue. How does the next speaker respond to each of
2 What's more important, being successful or being
1-4? Listen and check your answers.
happy? Why?
1 People need to be able to chat, too.
2 Do you think food's Important?
3 I don't think you need a big meal, do you?
4 I really hate those parties where no one taiks!
W o r d b u i l d i n g : behaviour >••••

Response^

It's important to respond appropriately to w h a t a n o t h e r person s a y s . With a partner, m a t c h 1-4

to the r e s p o n s e s A - L . C a n y o u think of a n y other possible r e s p o n s e s to 1 - 4 ?

y .
Tm so Happy.
Yoa'vejustwon the l o t t e r y ! ^ ^ Our first date didn't go well. C a n 1 sfiaij with you?
iVe passexL K£\

A I don't believe it! D Y o u must be joking! G Good for you! J No problem.

B What a s h a m e l E T h a t ' s fine by me. H Of course. K Well done!
C Congratulations! F Y o u can't be serious! I Never mind. L Ohdear!

Work with a partner. T a k e t u r n s to give n e w s and respond appropriately on the following topics,
using e x p r e s s i o n s from A c t i v i t y 1.
1 Y o u want to borrow a book. 2 Y o u think you've just seen an alien!
3 Y o u ' v e just been offered a Job in Hollywood! 4 Y o u ' r e upset because your favourite football team lost a match.
Language sununary • 163

P l i r a s a l v e r b s (4): behaviour
1 ^ Do y o u read your horoscope r e g u l a r l y ? W h y ? / Why n o t ? Quickiy read the t e x t below.
Do y o u a gre e with w h a t it s a y s about your s t a r s i g n ?

Fil̀ AHesMarch21-Aprill9, Gemini May 21 -June 21,

LeoJuly23-Aug23, Libra Sept 23'Oct 22,
Sagittarius Nov 22-T)ec 21 Aquariusjan 20-Feh 18

Optimistic and lively, you (1) cheer your friends up when
they re down. However, your enthusiasm can (2) tire
them out too! You find it dif&cult to relax, and it can take
friends a long time to (3) calm you down when you're
feelingstressed!
You are a true individual who doesn't try to (6) fit in with
the crowd. Although you are not highly sociable, you are
very fair-minded. You never (7) look down on others,
and it s important to you to (8) stand up for what you
believe in.

Tfl«ms April 20-May 20, Cáncer June 22-July 22,

Virgo Aug 23'Sept 22, ScorpwOct23-Nov21,
Capricorn Dec 22-Jan 19 « PiscesFehl9-March20

~ E a r t h ' people are reliable and honest. They rarely tell Relationships are very important to water' types. They
lies or (4) make things up. They tend not to (5) rush are generous and Idnd-hearted, and friends can always
ínto things, but they're very determined and hardworking (9) rely on them for help. A water person hates to
when it comes to achieving their goals. (10) let anyone down.
^s«99«#* 'íSisírf*^ íí»*B8«S*^ ' ' ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^'*^S»SB«^^^^*'**Síg^^^^*ÍW

Work with a partner. Match f iv e of the phr as al v e r b s «.UJJIMIJ.UI»

in boid in A c t i v i t y 3 to the definitions A - E . Write
definitions for the five remaining p h r a s a l v e r b s . Choose one of the topics below and m a k e notes about
a time w h e n :
A tohurrytodo(something)
B think that you are better than (someone) • you successfully stood up for someone or something
C invent (something) • you did something which completely tired you out
D disappoint (someone) • you managed to cheer someone up
E make (someone) feel happier _ • someone really let you down.

Take turns to talk about your situation with a partner.

0
Which p h r a s a l v e r b s in A c t i v i t y 3 a r e separable ( w e can
sepárate two p a r t s of the p h r a s a l v e r b by an o b j e c t ) ? Your partner should listen and respond appropriately.

Language summary • p. 163 W o r d b o o s t I • Workbook p. 83

 R e a d ü n g a n d U s e o f E n g l i s h : Part 1 - Multiple-choice cloze

r Get r e a d y : make and do

jl Read part of a personality questionnaire and look at the Complete the table wlth the expressions in blue from
answers that a student called Luke has circled. What do Activity 1. Add the expressions in the list below. Can you
you learn about Luke? add any more?

a course a living an appointment an effort

H o w g o o d a friend a r e y o u ?
an offer badly business harm homework
E l A relative asks you to do them a favour and babysit tonight housework money the best of something your best
but you've made plans to go out! Do you:
(T)make an excuse and go out anyway? make... phms do... someom a favom
B do your relative a good turn and agree?
W You notice that your friend, who usually does well in class,
has made a mistake in her homework. Do you: Write four more questions using expressions with
do and ma/ce. Ask your partner the completed
A make a suggestion to your friend that she checks her questionnaire. Did you learn anything interesting?
work again?
T'B^ do nothlng? After all. it's her fault! Word boost i • make and do • Workbook p. 47

Exam practice
R e a d í n g a n d U s e o f Englísh Exam tip
^ Complete the exam task. P a r t 1: collocations
You may need to think about how we use a word, as well as what it means.
^ Do you agree with the final question in Does an option fit in the sentence? Read the whoie sentence carefully.
the text? Think about collocations, e.g. pay aüention to, make a decisión about.

For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.

All in the mind?

Many great magicians are (0) ^<^F3EJ.S. in analysing human emotions and behaviour. Performers such as David
Blaine and Derren Brown (1) to have the ability to read people's minds, for example by asking them to
(2) a choice between several cards and then correctly 'guessing' their selection. But is this really a feat of
mind-reading, or is it just a very clever (3) ?
Derren Brown says that it's all a (4) of psychology. By paying (5) attention to people's body language, he
has become skilled at working out what they're thinking and feeling. In addition, he has learnt how to use his own body
language to make subtie (6) to his audience. If he does this (7) he can influence the way people act.
But some people are critical of Brown's act, expressing concern that he may be doing (8) to people by
manipulating their responses. Is magic simply a bit of fun - or does it have a darker side?

0 A scientists B authorities C artists experts

1 A appear B look C show D demónstrate
2 A do B take c get D make
3 A magic B disguise c trick D fake
4 A substance B matter c measure D State
5 A near B deep c cióse D hard
6 A opinions B offers c ideas D suggestions
7 A right B truly c good D really
8 A hurt B destruction c harm D danger
W r i t i n g : Part 2 - A n informal email

Prepare
Complete these sentences t h a t could be used in a reply
Compare t h e photos w i t h a partner. How do y o u think t o t h e email.
t h e people are feeling and w h y ? How are y o u going t o
I'd love . meet you after the e x a m s .
celébrate finishing your FCE course?
over.
If I you, I'd do something special.
I haven't decided to spend the weekend yet.
Good with your last exam!
Saturday's the best time me to meet you.
I think y o u . - spend the weekend relaxing with
friends.
7 You. . be feeling nervous about your exams.
8 I'm p l a n n i n g . have a party.

Complete Claudio's reply with suitable expressions using

the language in A c t i v i t y 3 t o help you.

Hi Lucy,

Poor you, (O) HOi^ yriLisfbe feelim stressed!

(1) with your exams, t h o u g h I'm sure you
w o n ' t need it. You always seem to d o brilliantly!

I think it's a great idea t o celébrate. (2) ,

I'd t h r o w the biggest p a r t y I could. That w o u l d cheer
me up the most, anyway!

(3) to stay w i t h you, thanks for asking.

The first week in July (4) as I think we're
g o i n g on a family holiday later that m o n t h .

My English exam's in June, so I'm aiso revising quite f

hard. But ( 5 ) have some fun soon!
Ouickiy read t h e email in A c t i v i t y 4 . How m i g h t (6) I'm g o i n g t o celébrate yet.
someone celébrate t h e end of his or her exams? 1 might have some friends round, or maybe
we'll g o out for a nice mea!.
Analyse the task Looking f o r w a r d to seeing you soon!

Claudio
This is part of an email you receive from an English
friend callad Lucy.

I'm working hard for my final exams at the moment.

What do you think I should do to celébrate once
To get high marks for w r i t i n g , y o u need t o v a r y your
they're over? How do you usually celébrate the end
language. Read Claudio's email again and find at least
of your exams? Would you like to come and stay with
t w o examples of each of t h e following:
me for a week in the summer holidays? That'd be
something to look forward to. 1 modal verbs
2 adverbs
Write a reply to Lucy, answering her questions. 3 different tenses
4 adjectives
5 phrasal verbs
6 linkers

0
I m p r o v e y o u r w r i t i n g : word order
Add the words in boid to the sentences, mal<ing any
other changes if necessary.
1 She laughed at his jokes. (never)
2 He toid the joke. (badly)
3 They're both Italian actors. (funny)
4 That performer Isn't confident. (enough)
5 She toId a joke. (me)
6 The comedian explained it. (us)
R e a d y to write!
This is part of an email which you receive from an
English-speaking friend.
Would you believe it? I've just won a competition -1
had to write about the funniest film I've ever seen.
What would you heve written about? I've w o n t w o
tickets to go to a one-week festival of comedy films in
my town in July! Would you like to go to it with me?

Choose the correct alternatives to complete the rules. Write an email in reply to your friend. Write 140-190
words.
C o m m o n word order errorsl
1 Frequency adverbs (e.g. often, always) go before /
after a main verb and before / after the verb be. Read the exam task in Activity 8. Write down Ideas
for repiying to each of the questions in the email.
2 Evaluating adverbs (e.g. well, badly) usually go at the
beginning / middie / end of a sentence or clause.
W r i t i n g P a r t 2 : range EX3Lltl típ
3 Adjectives expressing an opinión or evaluation (e.g.
kind, ugly) go before / after adjectives with a more Vocabulary
Use a variety of language, including more
specific or objective meaning (e.g. red, Argentinian).
complex structures like phrasal verbs and
4 Enough goes before a noun and before / after an collocations.
adjective. Grammar
5 With verbs with two objects, the dlrect / Indirect Use different tenses and structures. Try to avoid
object usuaily goes before the dlrect / indirect using too many short, basic sentences in the
present simple.
object.
Linkers
6 BUT with some verbs (announce, describe, explain, Use a variety of linking words and expressions,
introduce, suggest, say), the dlrect / indirect object not just and, but and decause!
is used before to + dlrect / indirect object.
I Writing reference ^ p. 172

^ 1 Write the phrases in boid in the correct order.

Read the Exam típ, and look at the ideas you

4 wrote in Activity 9. For each note, think of useful

vocabulary, grammar and linkers you could include.
Do you remember that competition I entered?
Well, (1) will / you / belleve / never / it but (2) did
/ really / I / it / win and (3) awarded / the judges /
second prize / me.

The prize is two tickets to go to the International

Festival of Comedy Films in July. This year it's being
held in my town. (4) you / t o / Would /come / like ?

I love comedy films, don't you? (5) the / What's /

ever / film /seen/ you've / funniest ?

^ J J Write your email. Use a range of language with

the correct spelling, punctuation and word order.
When you have finished, check your email and
make any corrections. Use the checkiist on page
172 to help you.
Ontarget? :t

Unit 8 U n i t s 1-8
Complete t h e second sentence so t h a t it has a similar ^ Complete t h e q u o t a t i o n s w i t h t h e c o r r e c t f o r m of t h e
meaning t o t h e f i r s t sentence. Use b e t w e e n t w o and verbs in bold.
five words, including t h e w o r d given.
Happiness (not give), but exchanged. Anón
1 Maybe she broke his heart. HAVE The secret of happiness is to mal<e others _
She his heart. (believe) they are the cause of it. A¡ Batt
2 There's no chance of me ever forgiving him. CAN Happiness is often the result of (be) t o o
I him. busy (be) miserable. Anón

3 It's possible that this song will help him relax. MIGHT Happiness seems made
This song down. Corne;7/e
Happiness is the art of never (hold) in
4 It's impossible that the magician l<new what
your mind the m e m o r y of any unpleasant thing that
we were thinl<ing. COULD
(happen). A n ó n
The magician ^ , what we were thini^ing.
5 As well as acting, he aiso performed Complete t h e article w i t h t h e c o r r e c t f o r m of t h e words
comedy routines. ONLY in bold. Think about prefixes, suffixes and internal
He was not aiso a comedian. changes.

6 I don't feel any fear or anxiety. NEITHER

I feel anxious.

Complete t h e t e x t using t h e words in t h e list.

SCREAM
cheer crazy down feelings joy out
sense take tell up

Do you know what \ ) means? T u r n it

sideways, and you can see a smiling face. It
means 'happiness' or (1) . You can use
this symbol i n a text or email to ( 2 )
someone up or to show them that you're trying to
(3) a joke. I n contrast, means that
you're feehng depressed or ( 4 ) . These
symbols, aiso called emoticons, are commonly used
in texts and emails. People originally made them
(5) because they wanted a quick way
to express emotions and ( 6 ) . Other
common emoticons include ¡ " D which means
' T m laughing ( 7 ) loud', and Í - X which
means Tove'. You could send it to a boyfriend or
girlfriend to say T m ( 8 ) about you!'
You can also use a winking sign / ~ ) to show that
you've got a ( 9 ) of humour, and w a r n
people that they shouldn't (10) your
comments too seriously!

^ | | What do y o u t h i n k these e m o t i c o n s mean? Suggest

definitions f o r 1-4.

:-| /fhmkfhisemoti'cohmeamfhatijon'reneiiheir
happij wrsad. Oritcoíild mean W)atijOíAaren'fsiA^e
aboi/itsomefhimg.

1 =0 2 :-? :'-( 4 l-O

0
 T o p i c v o c a b u l a r y : success and failure • sport
• body idioms
G r a m m a r : wishes and regrets • mixed conditionals
• be I get used to
Word buildíng: words with similar meanmgs
• coUocaüons (3) • word families
W r i t i n g : an article • appropnate language
E x a m preparatíon: Readmg and Use of English
Parts 3, 4 and 7 • Listenmg Part 1 • Speakmg
Parts 3 and 4 • W n t m g Part 2

Success a n d failure
How do you think the people in photos A-D are feeling?
Why? Discuss with a partner.
action. Don't wait - your future starts now!
What makes people successful? Why? In groups, agree Work hard. Oniy time and effort can your
on the three most important ingredients for success in: dreams inte reality.
a) business, b) entertainment, c) sport.
Be different. Stand out from the - don't
ambition confidence famous relativas follow it!
good looks good planning hard work 6 Don't let negativo tlioughts get the. . of you,
luck money qualifications talent
and nevar up! Remember: failure is just a
stage on the way to success!
Read the notes on the right from a course called Reach
for the Stars, ignoring the gaps. Which tip do you agree
I with the most and why?
• •LUJIJ.IU.UI»
9.1 With a partner, guess which words might
complete the six tips. Then listen to someone
Work with a partner. Read a set of challenges to your
presenting the course and complete the notes.
partner, and answer the challenges your partner gives
you. Each successful answer scores one point.
Did you find the speaker convincing? Why? / Why not?
Student A: Turn to page 153.
Word boost • S u c c e s s a n d failure • W o r k b o o k p. 52 Student B: Turn to page 155.
 •m ••••••
••••••
* -#-1

R e a d i n g a n d U s e of E n g l i s h : Part 7 - Múltiple matching * ^ ••••••

••••••

Going for

i J

Five yomg sports stars tell m

what ¡t's realiy like...

You a r e going t o read an article about five young
sportspeople. Look at t h e illustrations A - C . What
pressures do y o u think y o u n g sportspeople face?
Quickíy read t h e article on t h e right. Which sport does
each person play?
E x a m practlce
Read t h e Exam tip. For questions 1-15, choose f r o m t h e
sportspeople (A-E). The sportspeople m a y be chosen
m o r e t h a n once.
13 Díaiip
Coming second in the free r u n n i n g worid
c h a m p i o n s h i p s has landed me roles in music
videos, but it doesn't bring in quite enough to get
by, so l'm aiso a bike courier That isn't ideal, but it
won't make me quit, a n d I try to stop it getting me
d o w n . l'm always looking out for new opportunities.
For instance, l'm currently working on a deal with
a potential sponsor - a sportswear c o m p a n y called
Free Spirit. That's me! I don't run on a track, I go
wherever I want. I don't let any obstacles or worries
about danger hold m e back. Not when l'm running,
ñor any other time! There are too many distractions
w h e n you play sports in groups. Alone, you can
concéntrate on each movement, completely in
t u n e with your body and your surroundings.
B Tomasl
When I lost the júnior c h a m p i o n s h i p s , my coach
refused to speak to me. Devastated, I practised

•
alone with a racquet for hours, until I was
Which person mentions...
practically falling asieep on my desk at school. It

•
.. preferring individual t o team sports? 1
took m e months to get my confidence back a n d
.. needing expensive equipment? it nearly put m e off tennis for life. The funny thing
... a negativa opinión of the way some is, since I got rid of my coach, l've been doing
sportspeople behave? 3 0 4 •
... t h e effect that their sport has had on
•
•
their social life?

•
... having made money f r o m their sport?
Reading a n dUse o f English EXñltt típ

•
.. having a very competitive attitude to winning?
atching correctly
.. having hurt themselves while doing their sport? uess an answer. Find and underline
.. almost giving up their sport? 9 • e text.
... having some enthusiastic supporters? 10 • ijutettiii I I é I lÉ u m a t c h aU t h e elements in a question,
not just part of it.
.. not being taken seriously by others? 11 •
Romember, y o u need t o read t h e whole t e x t t o answer
.. learning f r o m observing other sportspeople? 12 • each question.
.. feeling exhausted as a result of training? 13 Q 14 Q

.. t h e way their sport reflects their attitude t o life? 15 Q

'1021
 much better! Tve won some awards and Tm hoping to
earn some money as a professional one day, I think
it's important to keep things in perspective, and it's a
shame that some people take it all too seriousiy. You
see players trying to cheat by intimidating opponents or
shouting at referees. I realty can't relate to that. At the
end of the day, it's just a game.
HGabrieíle
When i tell people what I do they often laugh, which
dhves me mad. If I hadn't trained really hard, I
wouldn't be where I am today. Looks aren't enough;
you've got to have talent, determination and strength.
And I mean that in both ways. I work out a lot, often to
the point of being completely worn out. As part of an
acrobatic routine I sometimes have to carry other giris
on my shoulders, and they're not as skinny as they look
on TV! You aiso need inner strength. Cheerleading is
largely an amateur sport, so you don't get paid, but that
doesn't stop it from being very competitive. 1 have seen
instances of bullying among team mates, which is just
terrible. I wish it w/asn't an issue; I want to feel proud of
my sport.
BJMonica
There's still this stereotype of the laid-back, supercool
surf 'dude'. If oniy it were true! You can't be laid-back
V o c a b u l a i r y i n c o n t e x t : sport
Find as many words relating to sport as you can
in the article. WInicli describe these things?
actions competitions equipment
other people places sports
Write five rules for your favourite sport. Can your
partner add any more ideas?
Im fhis spoifijoi^ have fv oin a fracK
gWWPffWSMl • Sport • Workbook p. 52
if you v\/ant to succeed, and for me, second place is
as bad as last place. If I see someone doing a new
trick it obsesses me. I study all their moves and work
out how to copy them. I don't care how many times
1 fall off the board or how many bruises I get as long
as I can do it perfectly in the end! It can be a lonely
sport. If you're getting up at dawn every day to catch
the best waves, then you don't want to go out much
in the evenings. But i figure, l'm young, and all that
can wait - I just want a few more trophies first!
My parents were initially against my taking up
wheelchair rugby because it's often perceived to be
dangerous. Some people even cali it ' m u r d e r b a ü ' !
So far l've managed to avoid any crashes on the
court myself, although l've had a few near misses. I
reckon if you're speedy enough you can avoid most
coliisions! Anyway, luckily, I managed to persuade my
parents to change their minds and so I wasn't torced
to give it up. Now I regularly hear them cheering
in the stands - they nearly deafen me each time I
score! Wheelchair rugby's so exciting it's becoming
increasingly popular with spectators, which is great
because that may mean more funding. Sadly, the
modified chairs don't come cheap! It'd be a shame if
that put anyone off the sport.
••luau.iu.iii»
1 ^ Work in teams to argüe for or against statements 1-4.
Team A: You are for 1 and 2 and against 3 and 4.
Team B: You are for 3 and 4 and against 1 and 2.
First brainstorm ideas in your teams.
1 Winning is the most important thing in sport.
2 Top footballers are paid too much money.
3 Dangerous sports like boxing should be banned.
4 Sports lessons at school should be compulsory.
{ ¡ ¡ ^ Debate statements 1-4 in Activity 6. Try to convince
the other team that you are right!
G r a m m a r : wishes and regrets; mixed conditionals It
Read the extract on the right from a press announcement. What is
the footballer apologising for? Do you think there's too much bad
behaviour in professional sport? Why?
I Look at the expressions in boid in the press announcement extract
in Activity 1, and complete the rules with A-F.
A wish/if oniy + past simple
B iv/'s/i/;f on// + p a s t perfect
C wish / ¡f oniy + would + infinitive
D iv;'s/i//fon//+ cou/d + inf initive
E regret + gerund
F should(n't) + have + past participle
Wishes and regrets
•• • •
'What I did w a s completely wrong. I
shouldn't have shouted at the referee!
If only l ' d kept m y temper on the pitch.
T h e n I wouldn't have been sent off, and w e
might have w o n the m a t c h . I r e a l l y regret
letting m y fans d o w n a n d I w i s h I could
make it up to them. I k n o w that people are
c l a i m i n g I've set a bad example for younger
players a n d I ' m r e a l l y s o r r y about that. I
w i s h I w a s a better role model. B u t right
now, I w i s h that the press w o u l d leave me
i n peacel'

1 to mal<e a wish about a present state or situation

2 to mal^e a wish about a present action

3
to express a regret about or criticism of the past

4 to mal<e a wish that probably won't come true

Language summary • p.l64

Choose the correct alternatives to complete what an athlete said

to a friend after being disqualified for cheating.

'I wish today (1) were / had been over - it's been the worst
day of my life! If oniy everyone ( 2 ) stopped / would stop
1^ Answer the questions using mixed
shouting at me -1 can't take any more! I wish I
conditional forms. How would things be
(3) could go / went heme. I really regret ( 4 ) to cheat /
different if:
cheating in the race, it was a stupid thing to do.
1 your parents w e r e both professional
I ( 5 ) couldn't / shouldn't have tried to trip anyone up,
sportspeople?
especially not with all my friends and family watching. If oniy
2 no one had ever invented the sport of
no one (6) saw / had seen me do it!'
football?

o
3 you'd gone to a football match instead of
Work with a partner and write two wishes or regrets for coming to c l a s s ?
each speaker.

A If l'd trained harder, I would still be in the team. Over to y o u

/ shoi^ldio'thai/e beeio so ¡azxjl
B I would be rich today if l'd won the contest!
C If I w a s fitter, I would have won the race.
Read the rules below. Underline the clauses in sentences A, B and
C in Activity 4 which refer to the past, and circle those which refer
to the present.
M i x e d conditionals
We can sometimes use a mixture of conditional forms, for example:
</f + past perfect>, <would + infinitive> shows how an unreal past
event would affect the present.
<if+ past simple>, <would + present perfect> shows how an unreal
present or general situation would have affected the past.
Language summary • p. 164
' Work with a partner. Student A is going to
be an interviewer and Student B is going
to be a celebrity in the news. Choose your
celebrity, 1 or 2. Then Student A, prepare five
questions and Student B, prepare your story.
1 A pop star who was late for a concert, then
played badly. (He / She didn't refund the
tickets!)
2 A famous sportsperson who insulted
an opponent live on T V . (He / She was
disqualified!)
i Perform your interview. When you have
finished, decide together whether the
celebrity has made a good impression,
and why.

0
R e a d i n g a n d U s e off E n g l i s l t : Part 4 - Key word transformation IJ
I
C e t r e a d y : ¿>e / get used to

Read this e x t r a c t f r o m a biography. How has Vinnie's life changed? With a partner, w r i t e sentences c o m p a r i n g
Which of Vinnie's t w o careers would you prefer t o have? Why? these people's Uves before and a f t e r t h e
event in r e d .
The British actor Vinnie Jones used to be a professional 0 (Marcella) never did any exercise - decided
footballer! He doesn't have any regrets about his career to get fit - now a marathón runner
change. At ñrst, it took a while to get used to all the new
Mai-ceíla lAsed fo spemd herfree fime
challenges. He'd never done any acting before i n his life.
n/atchimg TV. She foi/nad ifreallij hard fo
But Vinnie had ene big advantage - he was already used to
gett^sed fv exercisimg. Now, she's i/¡sed fo
working long hours i n a very competitive field. It wasn't long
before he landed roles i n films, as well as the hit U S show 24.
fi/!iopimg 10 km everij datjl
1 {Luis) a peor student - won a sport

0 Look at t h e expressions in boid in A c t i v i t y 1, t h e n c o m p l e t e t h e

rules. Which t w o expressions can we use before a noun or a
competition - now a very wealthy tennis
player
2 {Serena) a school sports teacher - joined an
gerund (-/ng f o r m ) ? Complete t h e table below.
expedition - currently waiking t o the South
Pole
be used to / get used to / used to 3 {Marón) a famous footballer - t h r o w n out of
the team for bad behaviour - now works in a
1 to refer t o a past habit or state
supermarket
2 to mean 'be accustomed t o '
• ¿e / get used to
3 to mean 'become accustomed t o '
• Workbookp. 55

Exam practice R e a d i n g a n d Use of E n g l i s h Exam tip

Pai-t 4 : keeping the meaning
£ B Complete t h e exam task.
Make sure t h a t y o u make all necessary changes. Don't miss a n y t h i n g o u t !
Don't o v e r - t r a n s f o r m . Oniy make necessary changes. Never add a n y t h i n g else!

For questions 1-6, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word
given. Do not change the w o r d given. You must use between t w o and five words, including the word given.
Write oniy the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS.

0 I wish l'd worked harder at school. REGRET

I ..RB.Q'MBI.MQLW.Q.RI<INC?.. harder at school.

1 It was a mistake not to tell my fans the truth. LIED

I wish my fans.
2 I regret failing to take action sooner. TAKEN
If action sooner.
3 People applauding me isn't something l'm familiar with. USED
I applauded.
4 Letting my doubts get the better of me was a bad idea. SHOULD
my doubts get the better of me.
5 My current success is a result of believing in myself in the past. SUCCESSFUL
If I hadn't believed in myself in the past, I today.
6 At first, I found it difficult to work for long hours, but eventually I became accustomed to it. GOT
I eventually for long hours, although I found it difficult at first.

«j>^ji a , g '.•^uKf a ' v«,^« - " a-J-

L i s t e n i n g : Part 1 - Múltiple cholee

Get r e a d y : body ídioms

Christopher Paolini wrote his
1^ Qulckiy read the article and choose a sultable title. first novel, Eragon, aged oniy
fifteen! His parents gave him a
Find idioms in the article which match the definitions. hand to find a publisher, and now
Can you think of any more body idioms?
Eragon ¡s a best-selling book and
1 helped him a film.
2 a lot of money
3 she didn't find something interesting
4 very busy with Ashiey Qualls didn't enjoy studying
5 agree about things at school - her heart wasn't in it.
6 a natural ability for E m m a Watson began
However, she did enjoy surfing the
acting professionally
You are going to interview your classmates for your net, so she decided to design her own
when she was just
school magazine. Write four questions using idioms teen-friendiy website, WhateverLife.
nine! The talented
identified in Activity 2. com. Ashiey obviously had a good
youngster was soon
head for business - WhateverLife.
Whem was the lastfime IJOIA qave a strangera up to her eyes in
com is now worth over a million
work, with major roles
dollars!
in the Harry Poífe/-films.
Interview at least four other students. Then summarise
the most interesting things you found out in a short
article for the magazine.

W o r d Itoost I • Body idioms • Workbook p. 52

arm and a leg to sign up
the Brazilian twins Rafael
E x a m practice and Fábio da Silva when
they were oniy eighteen!
Lístcningr P a r t 1 : the exam Exam tip Although they don't always
Read the eight questions and options and underline see eye to eye in their
any key words. personal life, on the pitch
Listen for synonyms and paraphrases. they make a great team.
Think about purpose (why are the people speaking?)
and the speakers' opinions.

1^ »mi 9.2 You will hear people taiking in eight different situations. For questions 1-8, choose the best answer (A, B or C).
You hear part of a radio programme where listeners
phone in with their views. What dees the man want to do?
A defend a politician
B criticise the media
C discuss a crime
You overhear two people taiking about an exam. How
does the giri feel about failing it?
A guilty B disappointed C relieved
You hear a woman taiking about some dinners she's
been invited to. Why does she think she was invited?
A She's a local teacher.
B She knows a lot about football.
C She's got a famous relative.
You hear part of a radio interview with a successful
actor. What does he say about his first Job?
A It taught him something useful.
B It was an enjoyable experience.
C It helped him to get acting work.
5 You hear a man giving a speech at a school careers
day. What is his Job?
A ajournalist B a politician C a lawyer
6 You overhear two friends taiking. Why is the giri
worried about her application to join a music academy?
A She believes she isn't as talented as the
other applicants.
B She doesn't think her application will stand out.
C She fears she may not do very well in the interview.
7 You hear part of a radio interview with a former
ballerina. Why did she give up ballet?
A She was concerned about her health.
B She wasn't very successful.
C She wanted to start a different career.
8 You hear part of a radio play in which a couple are
arguing. What is the woman most upset about?
A not being toid the truth
B having spent too much money
C her husband being unemployed

'1061
S p e a k i n g : Parts 3/4 - CoUaborative task and foUow-up discussion

Look at t h e photos and discuss t h e questions w i t h M | | 9.4 Listen again t o t h e m o s t successful pair of
a partner. s t u d e n t s and c o m p l e t e t h e table w i t h t h e expressions
t h e y used. Then add y o u r o w n ideas.
1 What is special about these achievements?
2 Which achievement do you think is the most impressive?
Adding points Giving examples Responding to
your partner

9 I
Whafsmore... Forexample... Right...

With a partner, discuss these Part 3 questions. Use t h e

ideas above t o help y o u .

learning a foreign
language

playing a musical learning to

instrument cook

What might be
difficult about
learning these
skills?

skateboardjng learning to
drive

Which is the most difficult skill to learn?

Exam practice

S p e a k i n g P a r t s 3 a n d 4: Exaitl Hp } Discuss these Part 4 questions. Is t h e r e a n y t h i n g y o u

a full response
Say as much as y o u can about each task.
A l w a y s say s o m e t h i n g . Don't let your partner do all
the taiking!
A l w a y s give an opinión - but don't w o r r y : t h e examiner
is assessing your speaking, not your ideas!
Add details and explain your opinions. Don't j u s t say
/ agree!
and your p a r t n e r disagree a b o u t ?
1 Do you think it's better t o learn new things f r o m a
book, f r o m t h e internet or f r o m a teacher? Why?
2 What are t h e advantages of learning a foreign
language?
3 What kind of skills would y o u like to learn ¡n the
f u t u r e ? Why?

a i ^ 9.3 Read t h e Exam tip. Y o u are going t o hear t h r e e

pairs of s t u d e n t s (A, B, C) discussing t h e questions in
A c t i v i t y 1. Write A, B, or C where y o u think t h e y belong
on t h e line.

least successful most successful

Explain your answers t o a partner. Do y o u both agree?

Word buílding: talent

Words with similar tneanings

Quickiy read t h e t e x t , ignoring t h e gaps. Whose behaviour do y o u think is t h e

s t r a n g e s t ? Why do y o u think v e r y t a l e n t e d people are o f t e n a bit e c c e n t r i c ?

B R I L L I A N T but E C C E N T R I C !
1 T h e famous boxer M u h a m m a d A l i , w h o ( 1 ) , , the title of World Heavyweig
Champion three times, used to recite poems before fights predicting that he w o u l d w i n .
Bjork has w o n awards for both her songs and her ( 2 ) i n films. But her
u n u s u a l behaviour also attracts attention - she once wore a s w a n costume to a n
Oscars awards ceremony!
Mi
T h e World Chess Champion Bobby Fischer played endless ( 3 ) of chess by himself
every day. He w a s said to prefer the logic of chess games to the irrationality of people!

K.:
T h e surrealist artist Salvador Dalí once amazed ( 4 ) watching the
Tonight Show on T V by refusing to sit on anything other than a leather r h i n o !
Walt Disney, w h o ( 5 ) millions of doUars from cartoons a n d films, took a
childlike pleasure i n toys and built a model railway that ran around his whole property!

Many words in English have similar ( b u t n o t identical!) meanings.

Work w i t h a p a r t n e r and c o m p l e t e gaps 1-5 in A c t i v i t y 1 w i t h A, B, C or D.
1 A succeeded B achieved C realised D scored
2 A exhibitions B performances C displays D acts
3 A matches B contests c races D games
A spectators B onlookers audience D viewers
4 c
5 A earned B profited c won D gained

^1 Choose a d i f f e r e n t w o r d f r o m each g r o u p and w r i t e five more sentences about famous people.

Leave a blank space instead of t h e t a r g e t w o r d .

/ Whe^i Pelé his i,ooofhgoalj he dedicafeditfo the childrem ofBmzJI. (amsmf: scomd)

iQjl Swap y o u r sentences w i t h a p a r t n e r . Can t h e y c o m p l e t e t h e m c o r r e c t l y ?

Language summary • p. 164

C o l l o c a t i o n s ( 3 ) adjectives + prepositions

With a p a r t n e r , m a t c h t h e people in t h e list t o t h e descriptions. With a p a r t n e r , add t e n more sentences

Then choose t h e c o r r e c t a l t e r n a t i v e s . like this describing t h e people in
A c t i v i t y 5. Which j o b do y o u think is t h e
,atith©f^ chef environmentalist football manager most d i f f i c u l t ? Why?
nurse pólice officer prime minister psychiatrist
songwriter spy website designer O Ah at^fhor also meds to be good at
describing -peo-pie and places.
A successful...
O anthor ¡s interested by / for /Tn'creating stories and characters. Language summary • p. 164

1 . ¡s brilliant at / to / with finding out what other people are up to.

2 „ ^ is concerned about / at / for global w a r m i n g . «.UJJH.IIJ.U»
3 . can get obsessed on / for / with trying to make the perfect dish!
You are going t o w r i t e a description of
4 __. . is experienced in / about / to politics.
someone y o u consider exceptionally
5 _ ^ arrests people who are guilty at / of / about an offence.
t a l e n t e d f o r a website called The Worid's
6 _ . is kind and considérate by / for / t o patients. Createst Geniuses. Make notes about who
7 ^ is fascinated on / by / in the human mind. this person is, what t h e y achieved, and
8 ____ . feeis responsible t o / for / at the success of their t e a m . why t h e y should be on t h e w e b s i t e .

9 , is keen about / on / with working with computers.

Write y o u r description in 120-150 w o r d s .
10 . is passionate for / to / about music.
Word boost •Workbookp.84

108]
 )••• • •
R e a d i n g a n d U s e o f E n g l i s h : Part 3 - Word formation 11 ••
••
jmmm m •

G e t r e a d y : word families

^ Some words have large 'families'. 1^ With a partner, can you créate word families for these words?
1 Identify the part of speech for eac h word below.
2 Three words have the s a m e part of speech. W h a t i s imaginative possible reason uncritical
the difference in meaning?
Word boost I • Word fanülies • Workbook p. S3

compete - competition - competitor - competitiveness - competitive - competitively - uncompetitive

Exam practice

! Read the exam task, ignoring the gaps.

1 According to the author, what do Pelé, Shakespeare, Rembrandt and the Beatles have in c o m m o n ?
2 If you could spend an afternoon with one of these people or groups, who would you choose and w h y ?

R e a d i n g a n d Use of E n g l i s h Exam tip

P a r t 3 : word families
When you change a stem word, think about:
the part of speech. Many stems can form several
words, so check the context carefully and choose
the right one!
meaning. Some words with the same stem have
the same part of speech, but different meanings,
e.g. tasty / tasteful/ tasteless are all adjectives.

Complete the exam task.

For questions 1 -8, use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap
in the s am e line. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Write your answers IN CAPITAL L E T T E R S .

Inspiration o r p e r s p i r a t i o n ?

We often use the word 'genius' to talk about the (0) áCHJByBMBN.TS.. of people like ACHIEVE
the artists Rembrandt and Picasso, or the dramatist William Shakespeare and his astonishing
(1) talent. CREATE

But is 'genius' (2) something you are born with? In Outliers, Malcolm GladweII argües SIMPLE
that s u c c e s s depends on several factors, not just your natural ability - or your (3) ! COMPETE

GladweII believes that successful people usually have the good fortune to be living in the right
circumstances to allow the (4) of their talents. For instance, sporting legends DEVELOP
(including the footballer Pelé) (5) have birthdays early in the academia year, a s USE
school sports classes tend to favour the bigger, oider students!

But (6) is not effortiess. GladweII suggests that talented people aiso need to do SUCCEED
over 10,000 hours of practice, or becoming a genius is virtually (7) For instance, he POSSIBLE
thinks it's (8) that the Beatles would have become famous if they hadn't played so LIKE
many long gigs. It seems the oíd saying is true: 'there's no inspiration without perspiration'!

9
Prepare
There are many interesting characters in
fiction. Look at the pictures, then answer
the questions with a partner.
1 What is unusual about these people?
2 How might their lives be different or
interesting?
3 Do you recognise which books or comics
they appear in?
1^ Who are your three favourite fictional
c h a r a c t e r s ? Why?
Analyse the task
1^ Read the task below.
You see this announcement on a website
that has information about books and films.
Unpleasant characters in books or films can
be more interesting than positive héroes.
Write US an article about an unpleasant
character in a book or film, telling us why
you ñnd him or her interesting.
Write your article in 140-190 words in an
appropriate styie.
Read the article. What is the writer's opinión of Miss Havisham?
What reasons does the writer give to support this opinión?
Miss Havisham: villain or victim?
Miss Havisham is ene of the nastiest and least likeable
characters in Dickens' Great Expectations, yet in some
ways it is possible to feel sorry for her, too.
She is unkind to her adopted daughter, Estella, who
she teaches to be completely heartless. And she is cruel
to Pip, who she encourages to fall in love with Estella,
knowing that she will break his heart.
However, Miss Havisham's behaviour is influenced by an
awful personal tragedy. She used to dream of marriage,
but the man she loved let her down, leaving her just
before their wedding. This ended her hopes and left her
with just one passion - revenge!
For this reason, I feel sympathetic towards Miss
Havisham, even though she does some terrible things.
At the end of the book, she changes her mind about
revenge and tries to make things up to Pip. But it's too
late. As Pip leaves, her dress catches fire and she burns
to death. Surely no one deserves that, not even someone
as unpleasant as Miss Havisham?
Look at the article again. Why has the writer used four different
paragraphs? What is the main topic of each paragraph?
Improve your writing: R e a d y to w r i t e !
appropríate language
A movie website has asked readers to write an article
It is v e r y important to u s e the right s t y l e of writing for about an important event in a film in which a character
a t a s k . Look at the e x t r a c t s below. Do y o u think t h e y w a s either successful or unsuccessful. Choose one
a r e more likely to belong to articles or essays? Why? event, describe what happens and expiain why it
is important.

^ It ¡e. m^j opinión, th&r&fore-, ihai this is the. most Write your article in 140-190 words in an appropriate
important event in the whole novel. Moreover, it is style.
the most tragic.

R e a d the t a s k and decide which e v e n t in a film y o u

^ I f y o u ' r e l o o k i n g f o r a b o o k t h a t wilí h a v e a r e going to w r i t e about.
you crying with laughter, t h e n read o n .
U Choose an e v e n t to d i s c u s s and m a k e notes about:
^ What's amazing about this character is that 1 what happened
she's completely unpredictable. No one can 2 why the event was a success or failure
guess what she'll do next! 3 what the consequences were
4 why this event is important or interesting.
4
Decide how m a n y paragraphs y o u will need and
/« comclMÍom, I believe fhatfhe ai^ihoris verij
which Information y o u a r e going to include in
stACMssfiAÍ ¡10 shon/img i/s how pefsoioal coy^science
e a c h paragraph.
can affecta persom's chamcfer.

Look at t h e Exam tip and t h e t a s k . What type

^ In an article, u s e a lively s t y l e and a wide range of
of writing t a s k do y o u h a v e to d o ? What kind of
v o c a b u l a r y . Read t h e article on page 110 again and find
language will y o u need t o u s e ?
as many e x a m p l e s a s y o u c a n of t h e follow/ing:
1 rhetoricai questions
2 adjectives + prepositions W r i t i n g P a r t 2: Exam
UJÍdlIl |jtip
3 idioms an article
r
4 phrasal verbs Think about who y o u a r e writing for.
5 relative clauses T r y to make your article interesting for yyour our
6 linkers. readers.
Begin y o u r a r t i c l e in a w a y t h a t will m a k e y o u r
(Qll^ R e a d an e x t r a c t from an article. Why do you think it r e a d e r s w a n t to read on. ^^jiáimt

didn't get a high m a r k ? R e w r i t e t h e e x t r a c t in a more

interesting s t y l e . Write between 5 0 - 1 0 0 words. Writing reference • p. 170

Dfacola ió a. v e r c j ini-e-res+ing Gha.faiC+e.r. Write your a n s w e r . When y o u h a v e finished, look

He. \£> no+ v e r i j r\ice.. He. k-ills people. at t h e checkiist on page 170. Check y o u r work and
llnai+ i£.n'+ a v e r i ^ nice. -tining +o do. make any corrections.
Mariy c h a r a c + e r s in -the hooV- are.
ffigh+ene.d o f him. A+ iVie. e.nd, -fine,
h é r o e s o f -the boolc Icill Dracola, s o
•then h e i s d e a d . 1 + i s ar\g e n d .
Yoo'll l i t e i+.
Unit 9 V n i t s 1-9
^1 Complete the sentences with ene word in each gap.
1^ Complete the sentences with the correct form of the
verbs in bold. O He definitely isn't at the stadium. He ^^tf^
have left.
0 I did terribly ¡n the interview. I wish I had maáe
(make) a better impression. I never won a competition in my whole iife.
I won't get the gold medal I finish first!
1 If l'd spent more time practising, I (be) a
famous musician today. She didn't like being photographed at first, but after a
2 Stop obsessing! I wish you (stop) tallíing while she used to it.
about him. They were not rich, but aiso very famous.
3 She (should not / copy) her essay from That's the writer novel has just won a prize.
the internet. Now she's in trouble! The boys weren't as successful the girls.
4 I would have more friends now if I (keep) Complete the article with the correct form of the verbs
in touch with people. in the list.
5 If oniy I (be) wealthy. Then I could spend
all my time surfing. beat carry do look -H=eatise-
score take tire turn win
Rewrite the sentences. Use the word in bold followed by
a suitable preposition.
0 ivly parents tal<e great pride in my achievements.
iviy parents are ve'm pm-idofmu achievements
(proud).
WINNERS and LOSERS
For every sporting champion, there are thousands
1 Thanl< you for all your support!
more who never (O) •fealise their ambitions by
I (grateful).
(1) - the competition or (2)
2 We feel bad about disappointing our fans.
goals. But some of these people have (3)
We (sorry).
losing into a success story! Eric Moussambani,
3 He doesn't like competitive sports.
nicknamed 'Eric the Eel', hit the headlines in the 2000
He (keen).
Olympics when he (4) part in the 100
4 She finds Law really interesting.
. (fascinated). metres' swimming freestyle race. He (5)
She
his first race with a finish time of more than twice the
5 I did not predict the election results correctiy.
I (wrong). world record... because he was the only competitor!
Many people admired Eric for the fact that he
Complete the slogans from internet adverts. Write the (6) ___ on svnmming even when it was
correct form of the words in bold.
obvious that the effort was
0 Buy now and turn your dreams into malitij (real)! out! Another famous
1 How to start your own business (success). 'loser' is Mchael Edwards,
2 Read this book and achieve all your also known as 'Eddie the
(ambitious). Eagle, who was the first
3 Life i s a (compete) - make sure person to represent Britain
you're a winner. in Olympic sld-jumping.
4 Let your dreams be as big as your Eddie was hopeless at
(imagine). skiing, but instead of
5 Our prices are so cheap they're almost (8) down on
(believe). him, many viewers praised
his determination. It seems
we can admire people for

i
simply (9)
their best - even when
their 'best' is terrible!

F i l m , fiction a n d TV
With a partner, discuss the photos A-C. How often do
you do these activities? Which one do you prefer? Why?
0 •IH 10.1 Listen to three people tail<ing about films they
have just seen. What types of film did they watch?
animated film histórica! drama musical
romance science fiction film thriller
^ ^ • ^ 10.1 Listen again and write down any nouns that
reíate to films (F), TV programmes (T) or novéis (N), or
more than one of these.
hem'ioe F, T, N
IQI What adjectives do the speakers use to describe
a) the actors / acting and b) the plot? Can you think
of any more adjectives for taiking about films, TV
programmes or novéis?
Word boost • Film, fiction and TV • Workbook p. 58
Topic vocabttlary: film, fiction and TV m action and
atmosphere • thought
Graimnar: reported speech # reportmg verbs
Word building: expressions with mind • phrasal
verbs (5) • words with similar forms
Writing: a review e opinions
Exam preparatíon: Reading and Use of English
Parts 2, 3 and 5 • Listening Part 2 • Speaking Part 1
• Writing Part 2
• •LIJJJJ.lIJ.Ul»
With a partner, imagine you are on a radio programme
called Arts Review. Take turns to talk for one minute
about a book, film or TV programme you've seen
recently, saying what you liked and didn't like about it.
The highlight of... is the fantas tic...
... is Jet down by the terrible ...
Ihave mixed feelings about...
On the one hand... but on the otherhand...
I Listen carefully while your partner is speaking.
Would you like to see or read this book, film or TV
programme? Why? / Why not?
 • • • • •'
R e a d i n g a n d U s e o f E n g l i s h : Part 5 - Múltiple cholee : í)••• • •

2 What is the main theme of Briony's play?

A L e v e rarely leads to a happy ending.
B People in love never act rationally.
C L o v e r s must not be too sensitive.
D L o v e should be based on reason.

3 Briony uses the phrase 'a prince in disguise' about the

doctor to show that
A he is not who he appears to be.
B he is afraid to appear in public.
C he is surprisingly aristocratic.
D oniy her heroine appreciates his goodness.

4 Briony e x a m i n e s her mother's f a c e because she

A wants to see how the play affects her mother.
B worries that the play might upset her mother.
C doesn't understand her mother's feelings.
D wants the play to make her mother happy.

5 What do we learn about Mrs Tallis?

A S h e thinks Briony is highiy talented.
B S h e wants to make Briony happy.
C She thinks Briony is too childish.
D She wants to help improve Briony's play.

6 What d o e s ' i t ' m e a n in line 4 0 ?

A this time
B this play
C this poster
The films in the photos are based on famous novéis.
D this word
Can you ñame any of the novéis and authors?
7 Briony's main reason for writing the play is to

1^ 10.2 Listen to a film studies class discussing the
photos and check your answers.
£ | | Hollywood wants your ideas! What books or comics
do you think would make a good film? Why?
E x a m practice
R e a d i n g a n d Use of E n g l i s h
A provide entertainment for her cousins.
B convince her brother to move back home.
C be a bridesmaid.
D help her brother become an actor.
8 What do we learn about Briony from this e x t r a c t ?
A She is good at understanding feelings.
B She doesn't like being toid what to do.
C She iikes things to be organised properiy.
Exam tip D She does not mind what people think of her.

P a r t 5 : tile exam

R e a d the whole t e x t quickiy first for gist.

Vocabulary i n context:
R e a d the questions, but not the options. R e r e a d the t e x t action and atmosphere
carefully, underlining the a n s w e r s a s you find t h e m .
For e ach question, go back and read the options. Choose T h e writer uses a range of language to d e scr i b e action
the one which best m a t c h e s the evidence in the t e x t . and a t m o s p h e r e . Find w o r d s or e x p r e s s i o n s which m e a n :
T h e r e are oniy six questions in the e x a m .
1 think about; look at (paragraph 1)
2 extremely (paragraph 1)

O R e a d the e x t r a c t from a n o v e l . For q u e s t i o n s 1-8,

c h o o s e the a n s w e r (A, B, C or D) which you think
3 left alone (paragraph
4 changing (paragraph
1)
2)
fits best according to the t e x t .
5 saying quietly (paragraph 2)
1 We know thirteen-year-oid Briony is enthusiastic about
6 dark (paragraph 3)
her play because she has:
7 taiking with a lot of pride (paragraph 3)
A missed all her meáis since writing began.
B spent two whole days writing the play script. B i n a kind or pleasant w a y (paragraph 3)
C persuaded her cousins to prepare the theatre. Word boost • Action a n d atmosphere • W o r k b o o k p. S8
D been revising her work since it w a s finished.
 T h e p l a y - for which Briony had designed the posteas
p r o g r a m m e s and tickets, constructed the sales booth out
a f o l d i n g screen tipped on its side, and Imed the collection
b o x i n r e d crepé paper - was wntten by her in a two-day
t e m p e s t o f composition, causing her to miss a breakfast
a n d a l u n c h . W h e n the preparations were complete, she
h a d notbing to do but contémplate her finished draft and
w a i t for the appearance of her cousins from the distant
n o r t h . T h e r e would be time for only one day of rehearsal
b e f o r e h e r brother arrived. At some moments chilling, at
o t h e r s desperately sad, the play told a tale of the heart
w h o s e message, conveyed in a rhyming prologue, was that
l o v e w h i c h did not build a foundation on good sense was
d o o m e d . T h e reckless passion of the heroine, Arabella, for
a w i c k e d foreign count is punished by ill fortune when
s h e contracts cholera during an impetuous dash towards
a seaside d o w n with her intended. Deserted by him and
n e a r l y everybody else, bed-bound in a garret, she discovers
i n h e r s e l f a sense of humour. Fortune presents her a
s e c o n d chance i n the form of an impoverished doctor - in
fact, a prince i n disguise who has elected to work among
t h e needy. Healed by him, Arabella chooses judiciously
t h i s time, a n d is rewarded by reconciliation with her family
a n d a w e d d i n g with the medical prince on 'a windy sunlit
d a y i n spring'.
M r s TaUis read the seven pages of The Triáis of Arabella
i n h e r bedroom, at her dressing table, with the author's
a r m a r o u n d her shoulder the whole while. Briony studied
h e r mother's face for every trace of shifting emotion, and
E m i l y TaUis obliged with looks of alarm, snickers of glee
a n d , at the end, grateful smiles and wise, affirming nods.
S h e t o o k her daughter in her arms, onto her lap - ah, that
h o t s m o o t h little body she remembered from its infancY-
a n d stdl not gone from her, not quite yet - and said that the
l , y was stupendous and agreed instantly. m u r m u r i n g
;„to the tight whorl of the giri's ear, that this w o r d c o u l d
be quoted on the poster which was to be o n a n easel i n
the entrance hall by the ticket booth.
Briony was hardly to know it then, but this w a s t h e
project's highest point of ftilfilment. Nothing carne n e a r it Une 40
for satisfaction, all else was dreams and frustration. T h e r e
^ere moments in the summer dusk after her light w a s
out, burrowing in the delicious gloom of her c a n o p y b e d ,
when she made her heart thud with luminous, y e a r n i n g
fantasies, little playlets in themselves, every one o f w h i c h
featured León. In one, his big, good-natured face b u c k l e d i n
grief as Arabella sank in loneliness and despair. I n another,
there he was, cocktail in hand at some fashionable c i t y
watering hole, overheard boasting to a group o f f r i e n d s :
'Yes, my younger sister, Briony Tallis the writer, y o u m u s t
surely have heard of her' I n a third he punched t h e a i r i n
exultation as the final curtain fell, although there w a s n o
curtain, there was no possibility of a curtain. H e r p l a y w a s
not for her cousins, it was for her brother, to celébrate h i s
return, provoke his admiration and guide h i m a w a y f r o m
his careless succession of girlfriends, towards the r i g h t
form of wife, the one who would persuade h i m to r e t u r n
to the countryside, the one who would sweetly r e q u e s t
Briony's services as a bridesmaid.
She was one of those children possessed b y a desire t o
have the world just so. Whereas her big sister's r o o m
^ a s a stew of unclosed books, unfolded clothes, u n m a d e
bed. unemptied ashtrays, Briony's was a shrine to h e r
controUing demon: the model farm spread across a d e e p
Window ledge consisted of the usual animáis, but a l l f a c m g
one way - towards their ownen I n fact, Briony's w a s t h e
^ H y tidy upstairs room in tiie house.

Extract adaptedfrom Atonement hv lan McEivíiii

Over toyou!

Work w i t h a partner. Choose one

of these f i r s t lines, and w r i t e a
s t o r y of 140-190 w o r d s . Include a
wide range of adjectives, adverbs,
verbs and nouns.
• That was the summer that
changed my life.
• At midnight, there w a s a k n o c k
at the door.
• H e w a s the strangest m a n I h a d
ever met.
• She wished she'd stayed at home.

<¡2| Read t h e rest of t h e class's stories.

Which s t o r y do y o u th¡nl< would
maWs t h e best novel / film? Why?
 >••• •
G r a m m a r : reported speech :t

Read an interview witli a film star, then a report of the interview on the TV show Celebrity Gossip.
What does Josh think of what Adora said?

Josh Adora! Hi! Tell me, is it true that you're

seeing the actor Brett Dean?
Adora Oh, you shouldn't listen to rumours! As
I said the last time we met, weVe been
friends since we worked together on a
film last year.
Josh So why did Brett fly over to be with you
yesterday?
Adora He's just here on holiday! He'll be staying
until next week - not that this is any of
your business! Now, can you please ask me
about something else?
I
Read the rules below. Then look back at the reported
interview in Activity 1 and find examples of 1-4.
Reported speech
1 We usualiy changa the verb by moving it back
ene t e n s e .
2 If what the person says is still true now, change
is o p t i o n a l .
3 With the past perfect, would, could, should or must,
there is no t e n s e change.
4 B U T can could, will would.
• >.i,l.lim.lJ SB^p. 165
Josh
Newsflash: Adora says she's still single! I asked her if it was true she was
seeing the actor Brett Dean. She said I shouldn't listen to rumours! She
toid me that, as she'd said the previous time we'd met, they'd been friends
since they worked together on a film last year So I asked her why Brett
had flown over to be with her the day before. She looked annoyed and
said that Brett was just there on holiday! She toid me he would be staying
until thefollowing week, not that that was any of my business. Getting
crosser, she asked if I could please ask her about something else! Was it
something I said, I wonder - or something she was trying to hide...?
^1 Work with a partner and rewrite these film quotations
in reported speech. Which film sounds the most
interesting? Why?
1 T v e got a feeling that we're not in Kansas any more.'
{The Wizard of Oz) Dorothy toid l o t o ...
2 'A boy's best friend is his mother.' (Psycho)
Norman Bates says...
3 'What are you rebelling against?' (The Wild One)
Mildred asked J o h n n y . . .
4 'Some of you may die, but that is a sacrifice I am
willing t o make.' (Shrek) Lord Farquaad said ...
5 'What planet did you come f r o m ? ' (70 Things I Hete
about You) Blanca asked her sister...

Find three reported questions in Activity 1. Then choose

the correct alternativas to complete the rules.

Reported questions 0 In groups of three, choose a celebrity and the reason why
he / she is in the news. Make notes about questions 1-3.
1 We use q u e s t i o n / a f f i r m a t i v e word order.
2 We use / d o n ' t use auxiliary forms or question marks. actor / actress comedian director
3 We use if or whether with y e s or no / open questions. screenwriter TV presenter

Language summary ( • p . 165

fired f r o m their Job received an award
photographed in an embarrassing situation
Answer the questions with a partner.
1 Who is the person and what are they like?
What's the difference in use between say and tell?
2 What happened and why?
How do these words and phrases change in reported
3 How wiil this event affect their feelings / career?
speech? Can you think of any more?
a) last time b) yesterday c) next week Role-play an interview. Student A, turn to page 150.
d) here e) this Student B, turn to page 152. Student C, turn to page 154.
Why does last year not change in Activity 1?
R e a d i n g a n d U s e o f E n g l i s h : Parí 2 - Open cloze

' C e t r e a d y : reporting verbs

Read the Oscar trivia file. Whose behaviour do you think ^1 Add the verbs in boid in Activity 1 to the table below.
is the strangest? Why? How many more verbs can you add?

Reporting verb Structure

Osc\r Trivio 1 agree, offer, refi^se + infinitiva
• Marión Brando once refused to collect his Oscar in 2 order, rennind, w a r n , + object + infinitivo
person. He asked an American Indian woman to coliect
3 announce, reconnmend, suggest, + fhaf + subject
It instead. He explained tiiat his action was a protest
against Hollywood's portrayal of American Indians.

• Oscar winnerJack Palance surprised viewers by doing 4 remind, warn + object + that
exercises on stage! He denied thatthis was a pubiicity 5 recommend, suggest + -ing
stunt, insisting that he didn't know what else to do. (+ object) +
6 apologise (for)
• When the presenter congratulated Gwyneth Paltrow preposition + -ing

on winning an Oscar, the actress burst into tears and

Insisted on thanking absolutely everyone she knew!
• Sound technician Kevin O'Connell has lost out on
winning an Oscar over 20 times! He denies feeling
upset, and once informed journalists that his losing
streak has made him famous!
With a partner, take turns to talk about a time when you:
• denied doing sonnething (which you really did!).
• wrongly blamed someone for something.
• had to apologise for something.
• were warned not to do sometiiing.
G r a m m a r b o o s t I • Reporting verbs • Workbook p. 61

Exaiti practice R e a d i n g a n d Use of E n g l i s h " ^ ^ ^ ^ ^fP

Read the article below, ignoring the gaps. Who is P a r t 2: usage
Nick P a r k ? Why did his films take so long to make? Always think about usage a s well as meaning, e.g.:
common expressions, e.g. phrasal verbs, collocations.
Complete the exam task. grammar and word order.

For questions 1-8, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use oniy one word in each gap.
Write your answers IN CAPITAL L E T T E R S .

Getting animated!
Nick Park (0) HAS won several Oscars. But he's (1) an actor
ñor a director. Instead, the Academy wanted to congratúlate him (2)
creating some of the most endearing characters in film - all made out of clay!
(3) Nick Park's famous Wallace and Gram/í films may look simple, anyone
who thinks clay modelling Is easy should be advised to think again! In interviews, Nick
has explained (4) moving the modeis is very time-consuming work. As a
result, creating just a second's worth of film can take a full day!
Some of the biggest blockbusters in recent years have been animated. However,
most of these were very hi-tech compared to the Wallace and Gromit films, being
designed on computers! Computer-generated imagery (CGI) (5) now
used in a wide range of mainstream films, (6) science fiction to thrillers.
Uull.ui A'(i...mi(
1
But some campaigners have been encouraging studios to use less C G I . A number
of actors and stunt artists have blamed it (7) reducing their chances
of employment. They accuse producers (8) preferring 'virtual' stars
because they're cheaper.
L i s t e n i n g : Part 2 - Sentence completion
Get r e a d y : thought
IQI Do the quiz, then check your answers on page 152. Do you agree? Discuss the results with a partner.
p You're ^A/atching an exciting film on TV. There's a commercial
break. Do you spend it:
A analysing what has just happened?
B wondering what will happen next?
g Do you find it easier to remember:
A the ñames of characters in books?
B scenes and places in books?
g YouTe not sure you understand a question in an exam. Do you:
A spend several minutes thinking about it?
B guess the answer?
il Imagine that you're taking the Writing papar, Part 2. Are you
^ more likely to consider choosing:
A a report?
B an article?
L í s t e n i n g P a r t 2 : the exam
E x a m practice
0 With a partner, look at these book covers.
1 What do you think these books are
about? Do you enjoy books like these?
2 If you were a writer, what kind of book
would you most like to write?
IVXVMOÑDL
Wra^edr
DARKNESS
:t
•
Look at the quiz again and underline all
the verbs connected with thinking (mental
| processes). Can you think of any more thinking
% verbs?
With a partner, discuss which quaíities you
think are essential for a successful a) actor,
b) novelist, c) newspaper editor using the ideas
in the list. Why? Which job would you be best
at? Why?
a good memory a logical mind
an eye for detaii creativity ennpathy
imagination intelligence
Wonl boost • Thought • W o r k b o o k p. 58
CiXdiTl llj
Read the ten sentences before you listen and try to predict what's
missing (e.g. a number, a job, etc.).
Write the exact words you hear. Don't change them!
Check that your answer makes sense in the sentence, e.g. does it fit
the grammar?
Always give an answer. You don't lose marks for wrong answers!
10.3 You will hear a woman called Kelly Good taiking to students
about a summer writing course that is held on the island of Majorca.
For questions 1-10, complete the sentences.
G e t it ' w r i t e ' summer course
1 Kelly is currently a . , a teacher and an artist.
2 Kelly started working in Majorca at the School of Culture in ^
3 The villa where the writing course is held is on a in Majorca.
4 Students can enjoy every as f ree time.
5 Workshop leader Scott McBride is an author whose first book was
called ¡n the Night.
6 There is a visit to a local for writers on the horror course.
7 One student in the screenwriting workshop will win an original
8 Ghostwriters should write for . if they want to get rich.
9 The most important quality a good ghostwriter needs to have is
10 Kelly will be in the. . immediately after her talk.

S p e a k i n g : Part 1 - Interview
^1 With a partner, compare photos A and B.
What problems are the people having?
Have you ever had similar experiences?
Find out what your partner thinks about
TV. Choose four of the prompts and write
questions. Then ask and answer your
questions with a partner.
1 How often ...
2 What kind ...
3 Do you and your family ...
4 Who decides w h a t . . .
5 Do you think...
6 What's your...
^ ^ « ^ 10.4 Listen to three students answer
questions about TV in a Part 1 task. What
questions did they answer? Did they use
any of your ideas from Activity 2 ?
S p e a k i n g P a r t 1: EXBItl típ
the exam
Listen carefully to each question, and
don't be afraid to ask for it to be repeated.
Make your answers interesting by using
a range of language.
Talk about your opinions and feelings, and
give reasons and examples to support
your ideas.
Make sure you answer the question -
DON'T give a speech that you prepared
in advance!
• •
1 1) • • • • •
E x a m practice
Work with a partner and follow the instructions. Listen carefully
while your partner is speaking.
Student A: Ask Student B the green questions (1 and 2 ) , and the red
questions (3, 5 and 7 ) . Then a n s w e r Student B's questions.
Student B: A n s w e r Student A ' s questions. T h e n ask Student A the
green questions (1 and 2 ) , and the biue questions ( 4 , 6 and 8 ) .
1 Where are you f r o m ?
2 What do you iike about living here?
Free time
3 Have you got any plans for the weekend? (What are you going to do?)
4 When did you last go out with your friends? (What did you d o ? )
Media
5 What's the difference between watching films on T V and at the
c i n e m a ? (Which do you p r e f e r ? )
6 Do you spend more time watching T V , using a computer, or reading?
(Why?)
Work and education
7 Do you prefer working on your own or with other people? ( W h y ? )
8 Is there something new you'd Iike to learn about ¡n the f u t u r e ?
(What is ¡t?)
0
Tell your partner about two áreas in which you are similar
or dissimilar.
,^
 ••
•• ••
W o r d b i i i l d i n g : m i n d a n d action I t f

Expressions with mind

What might these people be saying? Complete the speech bubbles with the expressions in the list.

That's a weight off my mind. Would you mind ... ? You're out of your mind! Never mind.
Mind your own business! Don't mind me. I've changed my mind. Mind out! Mal<e up your mind!
I don't mind. What's on your mind? Do you mind! My mind went blanl<.

I Which expression with mind in Activity 1 means: Match the phrasal verbs 1-10 in boid in Activity 5
1 I thini< you're mad! 2 Make a decisión!
to the definitions A - J .
3 I couldn't remember anything. 4 That's a relief. A develop; increase
5 Hey! / That's annoying! B complete a difficult experience
C be found t o be
Work with a partner. Write three short dialogues of 4 0 - 8 0 words
each. Each dialogue must end with a mind phrase from Activity 1. D admit to something
E eventually be
Find another pair and take turns to act out your dialogues, but F recover f r o m
stop just before the final mind phrase! Can the other pair guess
G leave
which expression completes your dialogue?
H refuse or reject
Language sumtnary I^p. 168 I cancel
J tolérate
P h r a s a l v e r b s ( 5 ) : Ufe's dramas Language summary 165

With a partner, match each quotation to the films (A-C).

A Love Hurts (tragic romance) B Dreamcatcher (basketball film)
c You're Nicked! (crime drama)
Work in groups and choose one of the films

••
1 You're w a i k i n g o u t , after 4 0 years?
from Activity 5. What do you think the film is
2 The training was t o u g h , but 1 g o t t h r o u g h it.
about? Write a short plot summary including

••
3 The New Yorl< Giants t u r n e d me d o w n .
at least four expressions or phrasal verbs from
4 She broke my heart. I'll never g e t o v e r it. this page.

••
5 She t u r n e d o u t t o be t h e thief!
6 You need to build your strength up. Find another group and compare your ideas.

••
7 Behave, or you'll end up in prison. Do they think your film will be a Hollywood hit?
8 That's it! I'm c a l l i n g t h e wedding off. Why?

•
9 OK, officer, I'll o w n up. 1 robbed him!
Word boost • Workbookp. 85
10 Gol 1 can't p u t up w i t h your cheating!

1201
R e a d i n g a n d U s e o f E n g l i s l i : Part 3 - Word formation

C e t r e a d y : words with similar forms

^ | | S o m e w o r d s look similar, but heve different m e a n i n g s . C h o o s e two word pairs and w r i t e gapped s e n t e n c e s
Choose t i l e c o r r e c t a i t e r n a t i v e s , and expiain t h e like t h o s e in A c t i v i t y 2 . T h e n s w a p with a p a r t n e r and
difference. compiete their s e n t e n c e s !
1 A I w a s bored / boring of watching films.
B T h e film was long and bored / boring. childish / childiike cook/cooker horrible / horrific
murder/murderer practica / practise terrible / terrific
2 A Going to the cinema is usually fun / funny.
B It was so fun / funny she laughed out loud.
W o n l boost • Words with similar forms • Workbook p. 59
Compíete t h e s e n t e n c e s . U s e t h e words in t h e i i s t s .

historie histórica!

1 T h e first ever film w a s a . „ event.

2 Troy and Alexander are _ dramas.
E x a m practice
advice advise
1^ R e a d t h e a r t i c i e beiow, ignoring t h e g a p s . What
3 I you not to buy this book. is Bollywood? What is its connection to Arnoid
4 Can you give me on what to r e a d ? Schwarzenegger?

Exaitl típ
sensible sensitive
R c a d i n g a n d Use of E n g l i s h
5 She'svery _ . She cries during sad films. P a r t 3 : words with a similar form
6 He'svery .. He plans what to w a t c h Think carefully about the meaning and the part of s p e e c h .
in a d v a n c e . A l w a y s c h e c k y o u r speiling. S o m e t i m e s getting one
letter wrong c a n change t h e whole meaning of a w o r d ,
breath breathe e.g. whole / hole.

7 T a k e a deep , before you speak.

8 I can't in this costume! C o m p l e t e the e x a m t a s k .

For questions 1-8, use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap
in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Write your answers IN CAPITAL L E T T E R S .

H o o r a y for B o l l y w o o d !

/// What's the worid's largest film (0) ..INDUSTEY... ? If you INDUSTRIAL
„ ^ -fT*^ answered Hollywood, you answered (1) ! The CORRECT
''^'^'^'^ ^"'^ industry, or 'Bollywood' a s it is (2) HUMOUR

t ^'i known (after the oíd ñame for the capital, 'Bombay'), produces
>' ' ^ M L í t ^ ••«*•/' ''-"^'^ ^''1^2 ^ y ^ ^ ' ' " "^^"^y Hollywood!
Most Bollywood films are musicals, and themes from romances
HISTORY
^ i ^ r ^'^'^ dramas are popular. The plots tend to be
COLOUR
i«a mssÁ very melodramatic, featuring (4) characters such as
POLITICS
unhappy lovers, deceitful villains and corrupt (5)
If you fancy watching one, we'd advise you to plan for a long
evening: many films are over three hours long!
Hollywood is becoming increasingly (6) to Bollywood's s u c c e s s and widespread SENSE

(7) , and is not afraid to copy a few ideas. For example, the blockbusters Mouiin POPULAR

Rouge and The Gurú both include Hindi songs on their soundtracks. Many (8) are ACT

also keen to earn a Bollywood salary: the film Kambakkht Ishq (Incredible Love) features both Arnoid
Schwarzenegger and Sylvester Stallone.
W i - i t i n g : Part 2 - A review ::

Prepare
Work with a partner. Your school is organising a film
club for students who want to watch films in English.
Look at the posters and discuss the questions.
• What might people enjoy about watching these
MAIMQD
types of film? E M CINEMAS 3 0 SEPTEMBER
• Which type of film would be the best cholee for the
opening night at the film club?

This fílm would appeal to...

This fílm might cheerpeople up / make people think.
It would(n't) be popular with everyone, because ...
I don't think this would be very suitable, because ...

Analyse the task

What do you want to know when you read a film review?
^ Síudent Film Review"
Tick (^/) the most important information.

• C • 0 www^.studentíiimreviews.comAA'atchmeR/146653

a list of all the main c h a r a c t e r s
the reviewer's opinión of the film
a full description of the beginning, middie and end
reasons why the film is good or bad
a short s u m m a r y of the plot
6 biographicaiinformation about the actors / director
Read the review of Watchmen from the MyFilm website.
Which points from Activity 2 are included?
What is the reviewer's opinión of the:
1 plot?
2 special e f f e c t s ?
3 acting?
4 characterisation?
•
•
• Watchmen
• Watchmen by Alan IVloore is, in m y view, the best
graphic novel ever written. However, I w a i k e d a w a y
Q
from the film versión feeling d i s a p p o i n t e d .
Watchmen is a f a n t a s y story s e t in N e w York, w h i c h
c e n t r e s on the lives of s e v e r a l unusual s u p e r h e r o e s .
Although they c a t c h crimináis, t h e s e 'héroes' h a v e
m i x e d moral valúes, w h i c h 1 think is a f a s c i n a t i n g idea.
Unfortunately, the c h a r a c t e r i s a t i o n in the film is w e a k ,
a n d w e don't learn m u c h about people's feelings
a n d motives. In my opinión, this m a k e s it difficult
to s y m p a t h i s e with a n y o n e . C o n s e q u e n t l y , the very

'122
Improve your writing: opmions R e a d y to write!

Y o u n e e d t o i n c l u d e p e r s o n a l o p i n i o n s in a r e v i e w . R e a d t í i e Y o u r s c h o o l n e w s l e t t e r is looking for film

r e v i e w a g a i n a n d find e x p r e s s i o n s for: r e v i e w s w i t h t h e following title: The last film that
1 saying what you think. I watched. W r i t e a r e v i e w for t h e n e w s l e t t e r ,
2 making a recommendation / suggestion. s a y i n g w h a t kind of film it i s , w h a t y o u liked
or d i d n ' t like a b o u t it, a n d w h e t h e r y o u w o u l d
(Q^ M a t c h A-H t o c a t e g o r i e s 1 a n d 2 in A c t i v i t y 5. D e c i d e w h e t h e r
r e c o m m e n d it.
e a c h e x p r e s s i o n is positive, negative or neutral.
W r i t e y o u r r e v i e w in 140-190 w o r d s in a n
A I strongly feel that...
appropriate styie.
B P e r s o n a l l y , I b e l i e v e ...
C G o a n d s e e / r e a d / b u y t h i s ...
D I strongly recommend that...
R e a d t h e t a s k a b o v e a n d d e c i d e w h i c h film
E I f o u n d it t o be ...
to w r i t e a b o u t . T e l l y o u r p a r t n e r :
F D o n ' t b o t h e r w a t c h i n g / r e a d i n g / g e t t i n g ...
G It s e e m s t o m e t h a t . . . 1 w h a t t h e film w a s .
H D o n ' t m i s s ... 2 w h a t y o u liked a b o u t it.
3 w h a t y o u didn't like a b o u t it.
S o m e t i m e s y o u m a y w a n t t o a d d e m p h a s i s . W h i c h s e n t e n c e in 4 if y o u w o u l d r e c o m m e n d it to t h e m .
e a c h pair e x p r e s s e s a s t r o n g e r o p i n i ó n ? U n d e r l i n e t h e w o r d s
which m a k e the opinión strong. ' 1 R e a d t h e Exam tip a n d t h e r e v i e w on p a g e
122, t h e n write a p a r a g r a p h plan for y o u r
0 It w a s p r e t t y e x c i t i n q . j T l í w a s j j t t e r l y t h r i l l i n ^ ^ r e v i e w . in w h i c h p a r a g r a p h wili y o u n e e d t o
1 I didn't w a n t to s t a y . / 1 couídñ't w a i t t o l é a v é T include a r e c o m m e n d a t i o n ?
2 T h e w e a k plot c o m p l e t e l y r u i n e d t h e f i l m . / T h e f i l m w a s let

3
d o w n by a w e a k plot.
The acting could have been better. / T h e acting couldn't have
Writing Part 2: Exa.JTl típ
a review
been worse.
T r y to m a k e y o u r r e v i e w interesting!
I l o v e d it f r o m s t a r t t o f i n i s h . / I e n j o y a d it a l l .
G i v e a s h o r t s u m m a r y of y o u r film, but d o n ' t
Cd r e c o m m e n d t h a t y o u s e e t h i s f i l m . / D o n ' t m i s s t h i s f i l m !
describe e v e r y detall.
The characterisation was utter rubbish. / The characterisation
S a y w h a t y o u liked o r d i d n ' t like a b o u t it.
wasn't very good.
Give r e a s o n s for y o u r opinions.

^1 W r i t e a s h o r t a c c o u n t of e a c h of t h e f o l l o w i n g , s a y i n g w h a t y o u U s e a v a r i e t y of l a n g u a g e t o a d d interest,

t h o u g h t or feIt a n d w h y . E x p l a i n y o u r i d e a s t o a p a r t n e r . Do y o u e.g. v e r b s , a d j e c t i v e s a n d adverbs.

h a v e any similar likes or d i s l i k e s ? Give a r e c o m m e n d a t i o n a t the end of

your review.
1 s o m e t h i n g y o u b o u g h t w h i c h t u r n e d o u t t o be a d i s a p p o i n t m e n t
R e m e m b e r t o a d d r e s s all of t h e p o i n t s in
2 a place you visited which you really loved the task, and don't forget t o include a title
3 a w e b s i t e y o u f o u n d useful or i n t e r e s t i n g if y o u a r e a s k e d f o r o n e !
4 a really bad c o n c e r t or play y o u w e n t to
Writing reference • p. 174

M a k e n o t e s a b o u t l a n g u a g e t o i n c l u d e in
e a c h paragraph. Think about e x p r e s s i o n s for
opinions and r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s , a s well a s
verbs, adjectives and adverbs.

Write your review. When you have finished,

c o m p l i c a t e d plot e v e n t u a l l y c o m e s to s e e m
look a t t h e c h e c k i i s t on p a g e 1 7 4 . C h e c k y o u r
a bit t e d i o u s .
work and m a k e any corrections.
I don't m e a n that t h e film is c o m p l e t e l y terrible. T h e
special effects are imaginative and convincing, and
v i s u a l l y , t h e film is s i m p l y s t u n n i n g . A l t h o u g h t h e c a s t
are littie-known a c t o r s , they deliver great p e r f o r m a n c e s .
But, to m y m i n d , the film l a c k s a heart.

P e o p l e w h o ' v e n e v e r r e a d Watchmen might find m o r e

t o e n j o y t h a n I d i d . B u t if y o u ' r e a f a n l i k e m e , I w o u l d n ' t
r e c o m m e n d it. Y o u ' d b e b e t t e r o f f s t a y i n g a t h o m e a n d
rereading the novel instead!
 ••

Unit 10 U n i t s 1-10
Complete the second sentence so that it has Choose the correct alternatives to complete the text.
a similar meaning to the first sentence. Use
between two and five words, including the
word given.
1 'Well done for winning the award!',
she toid the director. CONGRATULATED
Criticising the critics!
She the award. Think (1) about / for / on / witli aLl the people involved in
the production of (2) that / a / the / some film. (3) Who /
2 'Don't follow me here again!', the actress
Whom / Whose / Which is the most important? The director,
toId the photographers. HER
the actors? What about the critic?
The actress warned the photographers
Critics can help (4) get / do / mal<e / put the difference
again.
between a film, show, or book (5) to be / be / been /
3 She toId him that she couldn't solve being a success or a total disaster. Some reviewers can be
the murder in that book. WORK (6) extremely / much / greatly / sliglitly critical indeed.
Shetoid him, 'I can't the For instance, here's one comment on a first novel: 'This is
murderer is in this book.' possibly the worst book ever (7) publish / publishing /
4 'l'm sorry I wasn't on time for the film', published / to publisli. If you (8) must / could / need /
he said. LATE may buy it, for goodness' sake, (9) won't read / don't read /
He apologised, the film. didn't read / wouldn't have read it¡ Watching paint dry is
far more interesting.'
5 I asked Elena if she'd discovered when
Unsurprisingly, critics are (10) hardly / often / absolutely /
the film started. FIND
regularly fiercely hated.
I asked Elena,' when the
The author John Updike
film starts?'
wrote a story called
6 TI! never leave you, I promise,' said Bech Noir, (11) where in /
the hero. WALK in which / which in /
The hero promised on her. in where the writer,
Bech, decides to murder
f Choose the correct alternatives to complete
the questions and answers. all the critics who have
(12) ever / yet / since /
Journalists (outside author's house)
even upset him! Important
1 'Ms Jones, would you mind / mind you if we they may be, but it
asked a few questions?' (13) shows / displays /
2 'Do you believe / find it easy to invent new seems / looks that critics
plots?' are rarely loved!
3 'Who's going to be the lead character / hero
in your next novel?'
4 'How did you develop such an incredible eye
to/for detall?' The Bad TV website wants to hear about the most boring /
annoying / unfunny TV programmes you've ever seen. Write
5 'How did you build / get up such a big fan
short comments, using the words in brackets. Feel free to be
base so quickiy?'
extremely critical!
Author (inside house) 0 (talte / seriously)
6 'Don't you find / realise how much I hate all / cam'f-tahe the Ei/rovisio>n Sonq Cotnfestseríoi^slij. The
these questions?' simgers ate i^smUij absoli^telij awft^l, and fhe dainciin0 is
7 'I won't do / put up with this harassmentl' evem morse!
8 'Go away, and mind your own behaviour / 1 (made / mistalte)
business!' 2 (switchoff)
9 'If you don't leave soon, l'll end out / up 3 (fedup)
calling the pólice.' 4 (found / out)
5 (sense / humour)
6 (embarrassing)

'1241
 Topic vocabulary: art and culture • the senses

llJSound
• music
Grammar: participle clauses = inversión
Word building: comparative expressions

Vision
collocations (4)
Writing: an essay • preparing for Part 1
Exam preparation: Reading and Use of English
Parts 1, 2 and 6 » Listening Part 3 • Speaking Part 2
• Writing Part 1

Art a n d c u l t u r e
How much do you know about the arts? Complete the table with a partner. Then try to think of one
famous person from your country who matches each category.

O 1 2 4 5

abstract
art drama sculpture design
noun compositi'olo

person composer photographer architect poet

(Q^^ 11.1 Listen to three people taiking about the arts and choose the correct answers, A, B or C.

Speaker

1 What is this woman's job?

i ^

2 What kind of paintings

dees this artist prefer to
paint?

3 What kind of art dees this

professor like best?

^ 11.1 Match the expressions to the speakers 1-3 in Activity 2.

What do the pronouns in red refer to? Listen again and check.
Work in groups. An International arts
0 The way it was reported was a bit over the top.
magazine has asked people to suggest
Speak£i' Thfee. it^ the lecfui^e
works of art to represent their country.
1 ... which was a turn-off for me.
Choose:
2 They're always surprised when I admit that it rather passes me by.
1 two songs or pieces of music.
3 l'm quite fond of working on those now and again.
2 two paintings or works of art.
4 ... something I quickiy grew out of!
3 two plays, novéis or poems.
Word boost • Art and culture • Workbook p. 64
Present your ideas to the rest of the class.
With a partner, write definitions for the expressions in blue in When everyone has finished, vote on the
Activity 3. best Item to include for each category.
oi/er the füp = eKcessive, fvo mi^ch
Readíngr a n d U s e o f E n g l i s h : Part 6 - Gapped text

With a partner, discuss t h e paintings on t h e r i g h t .

1 Why might the artists have created these works?
2 Which do you like best? Why?

0 Work w i t h a partner. S t u d e n t A, y o u believe g r a f f i t i is

a r t . Student B, y o u believe g r a f f i t i is vandalism. Make
notes, using t h e ideas in t h e list.

boredom crime destructive modern

original self-expression selfish talented

Debate your ideas. Is t h e r e a n y t h i n g y o u agree a b o u t ?

When you have finished, tell each o t h e r w h a t y o u
A 'Gualicho', Argentina
rea///think!

Outsíder a r t
Useful expressio
/ completely disagree with you, because ...
I see your point, but...
That might be true, but...
Have you considered the íact that... The B r i t i s h graffiti artist B a n k s y is
m a k i n g his m a r k . . .

Exam practice Banksy has become something of a celebrity i n the

^ | | | With a partner, complete t h e sentences in t h e Exam tip
w i t h your own ideas. Can y o u add any more suggestions?
Readingf a n d Use of Engflish Exam
art world. There are whispered rumours that E r a d
Pitt and Angelina Jolie once forked out an astonishing
€200,000 for samples of his work. Recent exhibitions
have been sell-out events, with fans queuing for hours
tip for admittance. Not bad for an artist who conceals his

I
P a r t 6 : the exam
identity - and is wanted by the pólice!
0 First, read the n/hole textforgíst For Banksy, fame has been bittersweet, as he hasn't
1 Read t h e t e x t again and ...
been able to celébrate his success i n the usual way. I n
2 Choose...
the UK and many other countries, graffiti is considered
3 Make sure t h a t . . .
to be a criminal offence. Consequently, Banksy has been
4 When y o u have finished, check ...
forced to keep his identity hidden. He's never attended
any of his own art shows, ñor allowed his face to be
shown i n photos or on T V or YouTube footage. However,
You are going t o read a magazine article about a g r a f f i t i there are some advantages to this secrecy, too. 1
a r t i s t called Banksy. Six sentences have been r e m o v e d
I n these days of mass exposure, having a celebrity who
f r o m t h e a r t i c l e . Choose f r o m t h e sentences A-G
doesn't want to be seen is something of a rarity!
t h e one which f i t s each gap (1-6). There is ene e x t r a
sentence w h i c h y o u do not need t o use.

A It lends an air of mystery t o his work, and has aroused

enormous media interest. Vocabulary i n c o n t e x t : the senses
B However, Banksy defends the belief that his work is art
rather than vandalism. Look at t h e w o r d s in boid in t h e t e x t and m a t c h t h e m t o
C Other people are t h o u g h t t o have made much more t h e d i f f e r e n t categories. How m a n y m o r e adjectives can
y o u think of f o r each c a t e g o r y ?
money f r o m Banksy's work than the artist himself!
D But his efforts were not received enthusiastically by co\our coloüríess
the local authorities. touch
E It depicts monkeys wearing placards with the slogan, smell
'Laugh now, but one day we'll be in charge.' sound
F Banksy is aiso keen t o explore new art forms as well as shape and Unes
settings, often using some surprising materials. What does t h e adjective bittersweet mean in
G It was on one of these occasions that he found himself paragraph 2?
hiding under a train carriage.
Word boost • T h e s e n s e s • W o r k b o o k p. 64

'126
B 'Banksy', UK
Banksy began his career as a grafñti artist i n the
1990s. Working with the DryBreadZ crew, he enlivened
dull, colourless city streets w i t h his designs.
They moved quicldy to olean up Banksy's creations,
sometimes while the paint was still damp!
Unsurprisingly, Banksy has spent a lot of time
running away from the pólice. 3 Trying to ignore
the stinking oil fumes and the deafening noise, he
found himself staring up at a fuel tank. He later claimed
that the number painted on the tank inspired him. I t had
been created using a stencil, or cut-out shape. Banksy
decided to borrow the idea for his own work so that
he could paint faster and escape more quickly! And so
Banksy's signature síyle was born. Grafñti muráis are
typically created with bright spray paints. I n contrast,
most of Banksy's works can be identified by their sharp
outlines and a monochrome palette of greys, whites
and blacks. This original approach, coupled w i t h his
preference for often controversial topics, helped set
Banksy apart from other artists.
Banksy has often been described as a thought-
provoking artist. He tries to challenge his audience as
••ujjii.nj.uta
In groups, think of as many
adjectives as possible to describe
the artworks on the right.
I Your teacher has asked you
to choose one of the artworks
as a poster to d e c ó r a t e your
classroom. Decide which one
you're going to choose and why.
w e l l as charm them, as illustrated i n one of his most
famous pieces. 4 His work often expresses this
somewhat mischievous sense of humour.
Today, Banksy's work is often allowed to remain on
the streets. Ironically, some muráis have been covered
w i t h smooth, clear plástic by concerned local councils,
who are now keen to protect them from vandals! Theft
is another big - and costly - problem. 5 I n some
cases, people have literally broken down walls i n order
to take away a Banksy original.
As his talents have developed, Banksy has moved
ever further afield. I n Paris, he memorably hung a copy
of the Mona Lisa i n the Louvre, repainted with a round,
smiJey acid yeJlowface! ünfortunately, theportrait was
hurriedly removed. Obviously, Louvre ofñcials were
more alert than those in the British Museum, where
a fake 'prehistoric' cave painting of a man pushing
a shopping trolley was exhibited for several weeks!
For example, one LA art display featured a
live elephant, with its rough skin painted to resemble
expensive wallpaperi One thing is for certain - love him
or hate him, Banksy continúes to surprise ...
G r a m m a r : participle clauses; inversión
Read about artists behaving badly, ignoring the Look at the book cover from a museum called MOBA and
expressions in r e d . Why do you think the artists did read the visitors' comments. What's special about MOBA?
these things?
A Wanted (As a result ef being wanted) for murder,
Caravaggio spent several y e a r s in exile.
B Wtadystaw Podkowinski destroyed his own masterpiece
hanging ( w h i c t ^ a - s hanging) in a gallery.
C Having argued (After he had argued) with Gauguin,
Van Gogh fannously cut off his own eari
D J a c k s o n Pollock died in a car crash caused (which was
caused) by driving while drunk.

1^ Match sentences A-D in Activity 1 to rules 1-3 below.

For each one, decide why there is a present, past or
present perfect participle.
A Were these artworks burnt, I would not be s a d !
Participle clauses B If these artworks were burnt, I wouldn't be s a d !
A I have seldom seen such terrible art.
We sonnetimes use participle clauses to replace:
B Seldom have I seen such terrible art.
1 (formal) a reason or result clause (because of) You can only learn to appreciate good art by
A
2 (formal) a time clause (iv/ien, while) studying bad art like this.
3 or (formal OR informal) a relative Only by studying bad art like this can you learn to
c l a u s e when who or which is the subject of the v e r b . appreciate good art.
We replace a c t i v e v e r b s with a present or present
Read the rules. In 1-3 in Activity 4, does sentence A or
perfect participle (wanting, having wanted).
B express a stronger o p i n i ó n in each c a s e ?
We replace p a s s i v e v e r b s with a past participle
(wanted).
Inversión
Language stunmary • p. 166 We can use inverted word order (auxiliary verb +
subject) to add emphasis in formal English:
i Quickiy read the article and find two unusual things • after negative or restrictive e x p r e s s i o n s , e.g.
about the artist Congo. Then rewrite the underlined never, littie, hardiy, at no time, no sooner, rarely or
clauses as participle clauses. e x p r e s s i o n s with only.
• in conditional c l a u s e s with were, had or should,
(o) i^efened to as 'fhe C¿z¿ihm offhe apes'
omitting / f o r whether.

Language summary • p. 166

Monkey business ...

Rewrite 1-3, beginning with the words in bold. Discuss
An artist (O) who was referred to as 'the
which sentences you agree with.
Cézanne of the apes' shot to fame in the
1950s. He first appeared on the TV show Zoo 1 I have never seen worse paintings than those in
Time, (1) which was presented by Desmond Activity 4.
Morris. (2) After he had given Congo a brush. 2 If I were an artist, I would refuse to let MOBA exhibit
Morris announced that he wanted to find my paintings.
out if chimpanzees could paint! The worfvs, 3 I would pay MOBA a visit if I should ever be in the á r e a .
(3) which were painted by Congo, were
very abstract in style, but some people felt
they showed talent. ( 4 ) V\/hen he received
a.UJJlJ.lIJ.Iii»
a painting as a present. Picasso was so
Complete the first lines of these four stories. Then
impressed he put it on his wall! In 2005,
swap answers with a partner and write the next two
Congo's paintings were sold at Bonhams,
sentences to your partner's stories.
an auction house (5) that specialised in art.
(6) As they sold for more than $25.000. they 1 No sooner had she started to paint than ...
fetched a higher price than works by Warhol 2 The woman shown in the picture ...
and RenoirI 3 Having finished the portrait...
4 Had the artist known ...

'1281
 ) • • • • o
R e a d i n g a n d U s e o f E n g l i s h : Parí 2 - O p e n cloze )••• ••

Get r e a d y for t h e e x a m

^ Read the E x a m í/p. With a partner, write down Readingf a n d Use of E n g l i s h Exam tip
as many kinds of grammatical and lexical structures P a r t 2 : the exam
as you can think of that might be tested in Part 2 .
1 Read the text first for gist.
•promms> collocafíoms 2 Look at the whole of each gapped sentence a s well a s
the words before and after a gap.
^1 Complete the questions below, using the clues to help 3 Think about grammatical structures and vocabulary.
you. When you have finished, add four more questions. 4 Write one word for each gap - don't use contractions
Use a range of language and include at least one (it's, don't). f :-v««,.
phrasal verb and one collocation.

The arts: a questionnaire

1 A r e y o u fascinated art or do y o u find a turn-off? Why? (preposltlon, pronoun)
2 y o u ever inspired b y a p o e m or the lyrics of a song? H o w . (auxiliarles)
affect you?
When was last time y o u visited art gallery? D o y o u enjoy visiting galleries? (articles)
. y o u could o w n any famous painting one w o u l d y o u choose a n d w h y ? (linker, pronoun)
H o w easy do y o u think it is to a living as artist? Why? (collocation, article)
W h i c h of these hobbies y o u rather take a n d w h y : photography, (verb form, phrasal verb)
sculpture or drama?

Ask and answer the questions in Activity 2 and your E x a m boost • Revisión • Workbook p. 67
own questions with a partner. Find at least three things
that you and your partner have in common.

E x a m practice
Complete the exam task.

For questions 1-8, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use oniy one word in each gap.
There is an example at the beginning (0).
Write your answers IN CAPITAL L E T T E R S .

S h a k e s p e a r e a n rap!
What have Shakespearean plays and rap (0) ..(3?.QJ in common? They may seem
poles apart. However, both use the popular language of the day and are best
enjoyed in performance. And both deal with life's 'big issues' - (1) oniy
love and friendship, but aiso darker emotions (2) as jealousy, violence and
prejudice.
The r a p p e r l u p a c Shakur, (3) lyrics could be poetic as well a s contentious,
w a s known to love Shakespeare. He admired Romeo and Juliet (4)
particular, comparing the IViontagues and Capulets to twentieth-century street
gangs. Similarly, the director B a z Luhrmann (5) the decisión to set his
film versión of Romeo and Juliet against the backdrop of a gang war, featuring
shootings and car chases set to a rock and rap soundtrack.
Today, Shakespeare and rap are taught alongside each (6) in some U S
schools, as a way of making the dramatist appear more relevant to students.
According (7) one teacher, 'Just like rap artists, Shakespeare wrote for ordinary people, not the élite. Who
knows, maybe (8) he'd been born in modern-day Brookiyn, he might have written rap songs instead of plays!'
L i s t e n i n g : Parí 3 - Múltiple matching :t

G e t r e a d y : music
I A s k and a n s w e r questions 1-6 in A c t i v i t y 3 and
your own questions with a partner. Do you and
your p a r t n e r h a v e similar t a s t e s in m u s i c ? Is there
anything you completely d i s a g r e e a b o u t ?

Word boost • Music • Workbook p. 64

E x a m practice

9 R e a d the E x a m tip and put points A , B and C in the

c o r r e c t order. C a n y o u think of a n y more useful tips
for P a r t 3 ?

L i s t e n i n g P a r t 3 : the exam Exam tip

A L i s t e n c a r e f u l l y . T h e s p e a k e r s won't use e x a c t l y
the s a m e w o r d s , s o think about s y n o n y m s and
paraphrases.
B L i s t e n again and c h e c k your a n s w e r s . Give a n

O With a partner, talk about the photo. W h a t ' s happening?

W h a t ' s the worst m u s i c a l p e r f o r m a n c e y o u h a v e
a n s w e r for e v e r y s p e a k e r .
C R e a d t h e rubric and s t a t e m e n t s A - H to get a
ever heard? general idea of t h e topic.

0 D i s c u s s w h e t h e r you find t h e following music a t r e a t ( © ) or

a t o r t u r e ( © ) ! C a n you think of any more musical g e n r e s ? ->•» 11.2 Y o u will hear five different people taiking
1 heavy metal 2 jazz about a music festival they have recently attended.
3 folk 4 opera For questions 1-5, choose from the list (A-H) what
5 rap 6 classical each s p e a k e r s a y s . Use the letters oniy once. T h e r e
7 disco 8 punk are three e x t r a letters which you do not need to use.

9 Add two more questions about music to the questionnaire

below, using t w o of the w o r d s or e x p r e s s i o n s in the list.
Speaker 1 Q
Speaker 4 Q
Speaker 2 Q
Speaker 5 Q
Speaker 3 Q

bailad catchy chart cover versión A T h e festival w a s quite expensive.

duet instrumental solo soundtrack B T h e performers w e r e disappointing.
C I enjoyed watching the other festival-goers as
much as the music.

cMUSIC
D Y o u have to book in advance to attend the festival.
Q U E S T I O N N A I R E
E Crime w a s a probiem at the festival.
F I saw some well-known performers there.
1 Can you play a musical instrument or sing G People stayed at the festival site overnight.
in tune?
H Under-eighteen-year-olds are not allowed at
2 Do you prefer listening to live or recorded the festival.
music?

3 Are you a fan of any bands or singers from

your country? Have you seen any of them
on tour? Work ¡n groups and design y o u r ideal f e s t i v a l .
A g r e e on:
4 When you go to a concert or music festival,
do you prefer to be near the stage or at the 1 the location
back? 2 the time of y e a r
3 the music
5 Do you ever download tracks from the 4 other entertainment
internet? H o w often? 5 the facilities.
6 Which is usually more important to you: the
I P r e s e n t your ideas to the c l a s s , t h e n t a k e a c l a s s
lyrics or the melody?
v o t e on the best f e s t i v a l !

0
 •••
••• ••
••••
••••
Speakíngf: Part 2 - L o n g tura ••••
W h y m i g h t p e o p l e w a n t t o listen t o m u s i c in t h e s e situations?

With a partner, c o m p a r e photos A and B and discuss w h y y o u thinl< E x a m practice

people m i g h t w a n t t o listen t o music in t h e s e s i t u a t i o n s .
Complete t h e sentences in t h e Exam tip w i t h
Do or Don't.
« ( | 11.3 Listen t o Isabel and Peter do a Part 2 task, t h e n answer
the questions.
1 Who does the examiner interrupt? Why? Speaking Part 2: EXñm tip
2 Who asks the examiner a question? Why? the exam
3 In your opinión, do Isabel and Peter do the task well or badly? 1 look at y o u r p h o t o s and read t h e
Why? question carefully.
2 answer t h e q u e s t i o n !
11.3 Complete t h e s e phrases f r o m t h e r e c o r d i n g . Then listen 3 w a s t e t i m e describing e v e r y
and check. detall in t h e p h o t o s .
4 use c o m p a r a t i v e expressions t o
0 Bofh p h o t o s shon/ people listening to music.
discuss the p h o t o s .
1 They're listening to music f very d reasons.
5 stop speaking u n t i l t h e examiner
2 S , the people in the second photo are a listening to tells y o u t o .
music for fun. 6 listen carefully t o the other
3 I listen to music a lot, a it's probably m y f hobby! candidate or candidates. Remember, you will
need t o answer a question about their photos.
4 P ,If t h a t music can help me to relax.

Complete the table w i t h some of t h e expressions f r o m A c t i v i t y 3.

Then add y o u r own ideas. ^ 11.4 Work in groups of t h r e e . S t u d e n t A,
t u r n t o page 150. S t u d e n t B, t u r n t o page 152.
S t u d e n t C, t u r n t o page 154. Listen t o t h e
Similarities Differences Personal opinions
i n s t r u c t i o n s and c o m p l e t e t h e task.
Both phofvs shon/...

g*IIHll- (131)1
 •• •••
•••
W o r d b u i l d í n g : the senses •• •••
: VA •••
Comparative expressíons C o U o c a t i o n s ( 4 ) : verbs + nouns

«i^ 11.5 Listen t o part of a game on a radio quiz show Read t h e article quickiy. Why are smells i m p o r t a n t ?
called What Am I? Then worl< w i t h a p a r t n e r and guess Work w i t h a partner and choose t h e c o r r e c t alternatives
what is being described in questions 1-4. t o c o m p l e t e t h e article.

1^ « ¡ ^ 11.5 Complete these sentences f r o m t h e recording

w i t h as or like. Then listen again and check.
1 It seems though we've reached t h e final round.
2 T o m Wiiks aiso works a teacher.
3 I feel coid snow.
4 People usually eat me a dessert.

Scent
5 When you have to be on time f o r something, a
meeting or an exam, you usually look at me.
6 This summer, usual, l'll follow you everywhere.
7 ril copy all your actions, I always do.
8 When it looks if it's getting dark, l'll disappear.

1 ^ Read t h e rules and match A - F t o the sentences in A c t i v i t y 2.

We u s e . . .
like A t o mean for example 1 such as
B + noun / pronoun t o talk about
similarity
\ tend to assume that sight and hearing

as OR (informal)
are the two most important senses, and
C + clause t o talk about similarity
like (0).,^payy/ take less attention to smell, taste and
as D + noun t o talk about someone or toucti, But studies have shown that all the senses
something's role or function
can (1) do / have a powerful effect on the way
E in fixed expressions, e.g. as usual,
as you know
we view the worid. For instance, psychologists
who've (2) done / put research into our sense
as if / as though
F + clause t o say what a thing or
OR (informal) like of smell have (3) made / seen the discovery
situation seems like
that it's closely conneoted to emotion. Scents like
lemon have been shown to improve concentration
Watch out!
(useful when you're (4) getting / taking an
Don't add like or as if it isn't necessary. exam or hoping to (5) catch / get a new Job),
It tastedtíke-delicious. while lavender oan help us to slow down and
(6) pay/take better cara of ourselves, Advertisers
Complete t h e sentences w i t h like, as, as though, as if,
or nothing ( 0 ) . More than one c o r r e c t answer may be are increasingly (7) having / taking an interest
possible. Can y o u guess w h o or what's being described? in 'sense psychology', and (8) making / taking
1 This material was first made a luxury Ítem in use of it to try to sell us producís!
China. It feeis smooth and looks shimmering
water. However, it was originally made by caterpillars!
When this wooden, stringed instrument is played badly,
it sounds someone is hurting a cat! However,
played by experts Yehudi Menuhin, it sounds
extremely melodic.
3 Many people think this animal looks, ^ugly.
What smells, sounds or t a s t e s remind y o u of a place,
However, its legs are enjoyed in France a
t i m e or person? Tell your partner, giving details.
delicacy. Apparently, they taste chickeni

Language summary • p. 166 Word boost • The senses • Workbook p. 64

0
 !•• • •
!•• • .
R e a d i n g a n d U s e o f E n g l i s h : Part 1 - Multiple-choice cloze, ••

Get r e a d y f o r t h e e x a m

With a partner, c o m p l e t e t h e sentences in t h e Exam tip. ^j^: W i t h y o u r p a r t n e r , c o m p l e t e as m u c h of t h e quiz as y o u

Can y o u add any more ideas? can in one m i n u t e .

Readíng a n d Use of English Exam tip O n e - m i n u t e M e m o r y Quiz!

P a r t 1 : the exam Write three:
1 verbs that have a similar meaning t o think
1 You will be t e s t e d on a v a r i e t y of language, which may
2 collocations with ma/(e
include...
3 adjectives + prepositions
2 First, read ...
3 Then look a t . . . 4 phrasal verbs that include the partióle up
4 Consider all four o p t i o n s , and t h i n k a b o u t . . . 5 linkers t o express contrast
5 Read y o u r c o m p l e t e d sentences. Do t h e y . . . 6 compound adjectives
7 idioms.

€1 Write t h r e e t r u e and t w o false sentences about yourself

using expressions f r o m A c t i v i t y 2. Can y o u r p a r t n e r
guess which are t r u e ?

E x a m boost • Revisión • W o r k b o o k p . 65

E x a m practíce
Complete t h e e x a m task.

For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.

Touching the past

Have you ever (0) WQNDERED what life was like 100, 1,000 or even
1,000,000 years ago? Historians can (1) us about the facts, but what if
you could experience the past as if you were really there? Although scientists
haven't come (2) with any designs for a workable time machine yet,
researchers at the universities of York and Warwick may have invented the
next best thing. The 'Virtual Cocoon' will (3) the wearer to experience
a wide range of pre-programmed sights and sensations. In theory, users
could find out what it's like to travel into the past, or meet people who are , m
no longer in (4) ! For instance, the cocoon could recréate the sights
and smells of Da Vinci's workshop for art lovers, or the sounds of a Beatles
concert for people (5) on 1960s music! The makers of the cocoon
believe it to be so (6) they have labelled the technology 'real virtuality', as opposed to virtual reality. However,
those eager to take (7) of this new invention will have to wait a littie longer. As well as (8) the costs,
scientists have to address the ethical implications of creating a 'fake' reality.

0 A wondered B realised 0 dreamed D believed

1 A speak B explain 0 tell D say
2 A down B on 0 up D about
3 A give B allow c support D let
4 A reality B forcé c existence D fact
5 A interested B keen 0 passionate D fond
6 A actual B convincing c likely D possible
7 A use B benefit c help D advantage
8 A carrying away B weighing up c putting out D working for
W r i t i n g : Part 1 - A n e s s a y , - It

Prepare
^ Look at the people photographed with an item that's special to them, and discuss the questions with your partner.

1 Why do you think they chose these Ítems?

2 Who would you most / least like to meet? Why?
3 If you had to choose one item to appear with you in a photo, what would you choose? Why?

Analyse the task

0 Read the exam task and one student's answer. What

examples of personally valuable items does the student
give?

In the Writing paper, you need to think about a number

of things, not just accuracy. Which of these things did
the student forget to consider? How could you improve
her essay?
1 addressing all of the notes
2 logical paragraphs
3 correct grammar, spelling and vocabulary
4 suitable register (informal or formal)
5 range of language
You have had a class discussion about objects that
have a special personal valué for people. Your teacher
has asked you to write an essay for homework.
You will see the essay title and some notes you have
written below. Now write your essay using all your
notes and giving reasons for your point of view.
HOlVIEWORK
Essay title
It is not the most expensive objects that are most
valuable to people
Notes
Things to write about
1 Objects with memories of people
2 Objects with memories of places
3 Your own idea
Write 140-190 words.
It is undoubtedly true to say that it is not actually
the most expensive objects that have the greatest
valué for most people. If we could save oniy one item
from a burning building, most of us would probably
choose a photograph álbum rather than, say, our
state-of-the-art televisión set. This is because objects
have a sentimental as well as a monetary valué. The
memories associated with an item are what make
it truly precious. The things we hold most dear are
probably those that have strong associations with the
people we love. In this way we prize a photo of our
grandparents or a present from someone cióse to us.
We valué objects with memories of places as well as
people. That is why we treasure holiday postcards and
other souvenirs, for example, even though these may
be worth very littie financially Some of my own most
important possessions are my diaries because they
are a record of my life so far. They have no monetary
valué whatsoever, but for me they
are irreplaceabie. ,
P r e p a r i n g for P a r t 1

W r i t i n g P a r t 1: Exam
the exam
1 Plan before you write.
2 Follow the instructions exactiy.
3 Use the correct register.
4 Use a range of language.
5 Check your work afterwards.
A Don't forget to deal with all the notes.
B Don't use very colloquial language like 'gonna'
or 'loads of.
C Decide what Information you will include In
each paragraph.
D Don't copy too much from the source material.
E Look at the checkiist on page 169 for ideas.
tip Look at the Exam tip on the left and the checkiist on
page169.
1 Match 1-5 to A-E in the Exam tip box to make five tips.
2 What kind of task might you have to write in Part 1?
3 How many notes will you need to answer?
4 Do you need to use formal or informal language?
^1 Look at the exam task and follow the instructions
below.
1 Read the exam task carefully, including the
instructions and all the notes.
2 Make short notes about what you want to say (oniy
spend a few minutes on thisi).
3 Write your answer, using the tips in the Exam tip box.
4 When you've finished, check and correct your work.

k
Writing rcfcrcncc • p. 169
i 5 After 40 minutes, stop!

Exam practice

You have had a class discussion about what makes a holiday special. Yourteacher has asked you to write an essay
for homework.
You will see the essay title and some notes you have written below. Now write your essay using all your notes and
giving reasons for your point of view.
HOMEWORK
Essay title
What makes a holiday special Is not where you go but who you spend it with
Notes
Things to write about
1 Places can be important
2 Doing things with other people
3 Your own idea
Write 140-190 words.
On target? • •• •
•••• •• •••

Unit 11
^ j l Complete the second sentence so that it has
a similar meaning to the first sentence. Use
0 Many famous people have had synaesthesia - they experience
the senses differentiy. Write the correct form of the words in
between two and five words, including the red, and complete the gaps wlth like, as, as though, as if
word given. or nothing (0).
1 Someone stole the instruments belonging 0 For the wr/fer _ (WRtTE) Vladimir Nabokov, the letter a
totheband. OWNED looked like . wood!
Someone stole the instruments 1 The (POEM) Baudelaire thought that some images
the band. and scenes smelled perfume.
2 Instead of listening to the teacher, he 2 For the Rac//o/7ead (MUSIC) Thom Yorke, music
drew pictures in his notebook. ATTENTION seems it's painted in different colours!
Not the teacher, he drew 3 The (ART) David Hockney believes that some art
pictures in his notebook. sounds musical.
3 It was rare that he saw masterpieces Pythagoras, known for his work a
likethese. SUCH (PHILOSPHY) and (MATHEMATICS), believed
Seldom masterpieces. that numbers had qualities,. . dignity or honesty.

4 Someone photographed her moments ! Complete the sentences. Then say whether they are true for
after her arrivai. ARRIVED you, giving details.
Scarcely had her photo. 0 I think it's wrong todovuinloadtracks from the internet without
5 The cathedral wasn't built for many paying for them.
1 I don't much attention to what's happening in the
years. LATER
art worid.
Oniy many built.
2 I always try to see my favourite bands when they go
tour.
3 Certain smells have a strong effect me.

Uiiits 1-11
Complete the text wlth one word in each gap.

Many musicians and composers (1) become famous.

Rarely (2) this true for instrument makers, however!
Antonio Stradivari is one of (3) exceptions.
(4) a living as an instrument malser in seventeentli
century Italy, Stradivari designed violins whicli became as famous
for their excellence (5) for tlieir mysteriousness. Even
today, no one is entirely sure liow they (6) made! T h e
violins are (7) legendary that they have inspired their own folklore.
T h e violinist Niccolo Paganini (1782-1840) played so well on a Stradivarius
^ Cross out the word in each group which
he was (8) to have sold his soul to the devil - although that rumour does NOT belong wlth the prefix or suffix.
was probably started (9) a jealous rival! T h e violins have also
0 un- certain / employed/tegieal
appeared in many works of fiction, (10) as the stories of Sherlock
1 ir- reliable / rational / responsible
Holmes. Today, it's possible for a Stradivarius (11) fetch over a
million dollars at auction! We should feel sympathetic, then, (12) 2 dis- believe / truthful / honest
the poor violinist who accidentally (13) his Stradivarius behind in 3 artist / pessimist / psychiatrist -ic
a taxi. Luckily, the taxi driver was very honest and returned the violin, 4 cheer / talent / success -ful
(14) was worth four million dollars. T h e grateful violinist treated 5 ¡nvent / report / football -er
not only the driver (15) also his friends to a free concert - at the
taxi stand!

136
 Topíc v o c a b u l a i y : work • crime • leanaug
G r a m m a r : review of tenses and verb pat:ern=
Word b u i l d i n g : affixes • phrasal verbs (6j
Wríting: a formal letter • preparing for Part 2
E x a m preparation: Reading and Use of English
Parts 3, 4 and 7 • Listening Part 4 • Speaking Parts 3
a n d 4 « W r i t m g Part 2

Work
i i % 12.1 Choosing a career is difficult! With a partner, speculate 1^ Answer the questions. Say which words gave
about wtiat Jobs the people in the photos A-D a) have now and you the answer. Which job (E, F or G):
b) had in the past. Listen and check. Were you surprised? 1 is not permanent?
2 requires you to work a full day?
Useful language
3 may require you to work extra hours?
Fm not sure, butperhaps he / she ...
4 may help you to reach a higher positlon?
He / She looks like a ...to me.
I'm just guessing, but I thinkhe / she might be ... 5 may pay you extra money for good service?
He I She looks as though + clause
«1112.2 Listen and match the people 1-3 to the
Jobs in the adverts. Compare your answers
Look at these advertisements. What job is being advertised with a partner, explaining your decisions.
in E-G? Which job would you prefer to do? Why?

Word boost I • W o r k • W o r k b o o k p. 70

Mne-to-flve position available i n prestigious local hotel

t-t'HH-l'M'W
for individual with excellent communication sMlls and i Tell your partner what your dream job
helpful manner. Competitive annual s a l a r y and good a) is now, and b) was when you were at primary
promotion prospects offered for someone who wants school. How have your ambitions changed?
to make a career I n hospltaUty.
: Please phone 01994 8761S for details.

i Need an extra income? Enthusiastic and dynamic person required for a temporary
• part-time weekend work available in a popular local bar. summerjob, showing visitors the sights of the city!
Successful applicants must be happy to work occasionai Mon-Weds or Thurs-Sat shifts available.
overtime on busy nights. Good rata of pay starting at £6.00 p/h A uniform and full training will be provided.
No quaüfications or experience necessary. Please enquire
i plus customer tips. Please apply to mike@wellsbar.com,
\t the Tourist Office.
attaching a CV.

>Ífflflisl^37y
Readíng a n d U s e o f E n g l í s h : Part 7 - Múltiple matching

Some types of jobs are more frequently represented

in the media than others! Look at these stills from TV
shows and discuss the questions with a partner.
1 What kinds of Jobs are s h o w n ?
2 Why might audiences be interested In watching people
dolng these Jobs?
3 Do you think that televisión represents these Jobs
a c c u r a t e l y ? W h y ? / Why not?

QuickIy read the article on page 139. What do the five

people have in common? Whose job would you like to
have the most / least? Why?

Exam practice

The sentences in the Exam tip are incomplete. Work

with a partner and complete the sentences with your
own ideas. Can you think of any more tips for Part 3 ?

R e a d i n g a n d Use of E n g l i s h Exam tip

P a r t 2 : the exam
0 First, read fhe textoi'teKfs Cji^icklij for^ist
1 Then read the prompt sentences and
2 Next, search the text or texts
3 Think about .
4 Make sure .
5 If you have time, .

You are going to read an article about five people who

work in the fieid of crime. For questions 1-10, choose Vocabiilary i ncontext: crime
from the people (A-E). The people may be chosen more
Underline al! the words related to crime in the article.
than once.
Then find words that mean:
Which person mentions 1 people who might have committed a crime (A)
being dishonest to o t h e r s ? 1 O 2 person who saw an event ( S ;
the negative media I m a g e o f t h e i r profession? 2 D 3 the state of being responsible for committing
a crime (B)
that there Is some truth In criticisms of
4 the fieId of observation and spying (C)
their profession? 3 D
5 the act of making someone suffer because they've
the Importance of havlng interests outside w o r k ? 4 D done something bad (D)
wanting to have an unconventlonal c a r e e r ? 5 O 6 commit a crime again C D ;
how their work has benefitted someone? 6 D 7 ñame and personal detalls (E)

not being keen to talk about their w o r k ? 7 8 person hurt by a crime (E)

attempting to persuade others to view their

Q With a partner, explain the difference between steal (D)
and rob (E).
profession differently? 8 D
wishing their work could resemble its media Word boost I • Crime • Workbook p. 70
Image more closely? 9 LJ

not being focused on making m o n e y ? 10 O

Discuss these questions with your partner.

1 What crimes were mentloned In the article? Which do
you think Is the most / least s e r l o u s ? Why?
2 Do you think prison Is a l w a y s the most suitable form of
punishment for crimináis? W h y ? / Why not?

138]
 Max Greenway (Pólice detective)
Officers promoted to this position usually come
well-prepared for the stress, but underestimate the
tedium! Yes, it can be exciting when you're arresting
suspects or engaged ¡n high-speed car chases, but
there's aiso a lot of paperwork. It's a struggle to stay
motivated sometimes, especially when you're doing
unpaid overtime. You've got to be in this job because
you're committed, not for the glamour or the salary. I
love my work, but I do make a point of taking a couple
of weekends off now and again to watch the football
or go fishing. You can't live and breathe this job 365
days a year - it isn't healthy.
B Arlene O'Hanlon (Lawyer)
Some people are convinced that lawyers are all
dishonest and money-hungry, and nothing will changa
their minds. I know, l've tried! I'm not claiming that
the profession's reputation is entirely undeserved, but
we're not all cheating villains! Fortunately, shows like
Ally McBeal and The Practice have portrayed law's
more human side, even if neither are terribly realistic.
What's true is that real-life courtrooms can be just
as dramatic, with a witness breaking down in tears,
or a defendant shouting at the judge. I find it hard to
switch off when I'm working on a case, and I tend to
be short of time for hobbies. I'm often asked how I
can justify working for a client accused of murder or
kidnap. To me, it's simple - regardiess of their guilt or
innocence, everyone deserves a fair trial.
C Anonymous (Spy)
Of course I have to keep a lot of secrets, even
from friends orfamily, which can be hard sometimes.
Frustratingly, I rarely get the chance to show off
about my work, a s I generally have to tell people I'm
a bank manager! In the James Bond films, spies lead
tremendously exciting lives. Much a s l'd love that to
be true, in reality the last thing a spy wants to do is
stand out. Unlike Bond, I don't carry weapons and I
don't work head-to-toe in designer gear - I couldn't
afford it even if I wanted to! I mainly investigate
large-scale crimes, like international fraud or
suspected terrorism, which can be very complex.
Computer skills are a must for anyone in surveillance,
as nowadays you spend a lot of time searching for
evidence oniine. It's lucky that I'm quite a patient
person a s sometimes you have to cover the same
ground over and over until you spot a clue. But it's a
wonderful feeling when finaliy everything clicks into
place.
D Malcolm Burns (Prison officer)
If there's been a drama that shows prison
officers in a flattering light, I haven't seen it. In
Prison Break, some of the guards are worse than
the crimináis! In reality, most officers are genuinely
motivated by feeling they can make a difference, and
prison is about more than punishment. My colleagues
and I work hard to help prisoners develop skills s o
they don't reoffend. One former thief I worked with
is now a very successful chef - earning good money
instead of stealing it! It's stories like that that keep
me going because, l'll admit, trying to keep order
in a prison full of unhappy, locked-up inmates can
sometimes feel less than rewarding.
E Aislia Khan (Forensic scientist)
Since CSI and Bañes, applications to study
forensics have rocketed, and now, annoyingly,
I'm always being pestered by eager students with
endiess questions. Oniy a few years ago, the subject
w a s deemed to be a bit unusual and 'out there',
which I suppose w a s part of its original appeal for
me, although l've learnt to valué other aspects now.
I spend much more time in the laboratory than the
media would have everyone believe, but I wouldn't
have it any other way. I find analysing details very
rewarding, like piecing together a jigsaw puzzle.
Whether I'm trying to work out who robbed a bank,
or establishing the identity of a murder victim, no two
days are ever the same.
aifflfiii^^; ( l 3 9
 ••• •• ••
•••
•
•••
H••• •
• ••
G r a m m a r : review of tenses and verb patterns ••• • •

Read the article. Discuss the laws with a partner. Which sounds the most useful / the strangest? Why?

STRAJNTGE L A W S
1 By the end of tomorrow, most men
in the UK will have committed a
crime, Practising with a bow and
arrow for two hours a day is still a
legal requirement for all adult males
- although those who break this
law are unlikely to end up being
arrested!
2 It was once illegal for Mexicans to
take their feet off the pedáis while they
were cycling.
I..»»! w ijiiiiBlBMaBMMi
3 In Toronto, Ganada, bus drivers can
refuse to let you get on board if
you've been eating garlic. They'd
obviously been having trouble with
this problem before the law was
passed!
4 A law in Atwoodville, USA, prohibits
people from playing Scrabble while
they're waiting for a politician to
speak. They'd better not play chess,
either, as that's also forbidden!
No ene will be chewing gum in
Singapore until the government
decides to overturn this law; to
reduce litter, the govemment has
banned the sale of gum!
An oíd law made it an offence for
Samoan men to forget their wife's
birthday!

Look at the verb forms in blue in Activity 1. What tense i Complete the article with the correct form of the verbs
is used in each? Why? in bold. Which criminal do you think was the stupidest?
Do you know any more stories like these?
^1 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in
bold. Do you agree with this law? Why? / Why not?
Could these (O hñ^ be^ the world's stupidest crimináis?
• Robbers ordered the owner of a pizza restaurant
Some countries' laws may seem strange atfirst,but they
(1 hand) over his cash and a large pizza. They
(O wgrg imemfed Invent) for good reasons. then let the manager (2 go). fie called the
The Singapore govemment (1, , make) the sale of pólice, who arrived in time (3 arrest) the
chewing gum illegal in 1992. Until then, the work of cleaning gang. They had retumed (4 complain) the
gum from streets and buildings (2 cost) the pizza was burnt!
govemment over a miUion doUars a year Since the ban • Two inmates attempted (5 get) out of a pólice
(3 introduce), the problem of litter in Singapore cell by (6 crawl) through ceiling pipes. Sadly
(4 decrease). they didn't succeed in (7 escape) - after
(8 falí) through the ceiling, they landed in the
Chewing gum is a big problem because it (5 be
office of the pólice chief!
not) biodegradable. And the problem (6 grow),
• A house burglar decided he would rather not (9
By the end of next year, it (7 estímate) that over
leave) the scene of the crime immediately He decided
twentybillion packs of gum (8 . sell) worldwide.
(10 turn) on the TV. (11 ' Watch) TV
That's potentially a lot of litter! Perhaps it (9 . not be)
obviously made him (12 . feel) relaxed, because
long before other countries introduce a chewing gum ban?
the owners returned (13 _ . find) him asieep!

Language summary • p. 167

Look at the verb forms in red in Activity 1. Work with a
partner and try to write rules for when we use these
verb patterns.

Verb pattern Use Examples 1^ Discuss the picture and questions with a partner.
Compare your answers with another pair. What
gerund (-/ng) after a
from plaíjir}0 punishment is best for the man?
preposifioh
What do you think:
infinitive without 1 is happening in the picture?
to 2 happened before this scene?
3 will happen afterwards?
infinitive with to

0
R e a d i n g a n d U s e o f E n g l i s h : Part 4 - K e y word transformation

Get r e a d y for t h e e x a t n

Look at the crime and work cartoons below. Which do you find funniest? Why?

CKIME M E S MOT FAV! UNIESS oF WUK&E,

fOU'RE s o o b 4 T ITI "

0 iviake sure you revise a range of structures and language.

Rewrite the cartoon jokes below, using the clues to help you.
1 Mr Marsh asked Miss Frimley ... sugar. {reported question)
2 Crime doesn't pay if... at ¡t. (conditional)
3 We really must stop allowing ... the news. (verb pattern)
4 If... this Job. (regret)
E x a B i s boóst • Revisión • W o r k b o o k p. 73

Exatn practice R e a d i n g a n d Use of Englísh Exam tip

P a r t 4: the exam
The Exam tip is incompíete. With a partner, add three This part tests grammar and vocabulary.
more useful tips for Part 4 . Each question is worth two marks, so if you're not
sure - guess!
Complete the exam task.

For questions 1-6, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the
word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
Write oniy the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS.
0 On arriving at worl<, go straight to the manager's office. SOON
Go straight to the manager's office as SOQI^.AS.yQUARRiyE. at work.

1 They say he got the Job because the company director is a friend of the family. SAID
He the Job because the company director is a friend of the family.
2 He continued to work even though he wasn't getting paid. CARRIED
He even though he wasn't getting paid.
3 I regret not setting off earlier for the interview. WISH
I off earlier for the interview.
4 Asking for a bigger salary was a mistake. SHOULD
I for a bigger salary.
5 I don't know why Lucy applied for the job. MADE
I don't know for the job.
6 Sha tried really hard to please her boss, but she still didn't get the promotion. EFFORT
Despite really to please her boss, she still didn't get the promotion.
 •• •• ••
L i s t e n i n g : Part 4 - Múltiple cholee •••
: t: • • •

C e t r e a d y : learnmg
With a partner, choose the c o r r e c t a l t e r n a t i v e s to
complete t h e s e s t u d y tips, t h e n d i s c u s s your opinions
of t h e m .
E x a m practice
P u t s e n t e n c e s A - D in the Exam t/p íjythe most
logical order. ^
L i s t e n i n g P a r t 4 : the exam Exam tip
A If you can't answer a question on the first listening, don't
panicl Keep listening and try to a n s w e r the next one.
B R e a d t h e questions and options before y o u listen and
underline a n y key w o r d s .
C L i s t e n again and c h e c k y o u r a n s w e r s . T h i s t i m e , always
c h o o s e an option, e v e n if y o u a r e n ' t s u r e .
D L i s t e n for s y n o n y m s and p a r a p h r a s e s .

12.4 Y o u will hear a radio interview with a t e a c h e r ,

Mark V i c k e r y , who spent a month training to be a music
D J , and his mentor, D J Alice E l e c t r i c . F o r questions 1-7,
choose the best a n s w e r (A, B or C ) .
1 Whose idea was it initially for Mark to take part in
LifeSwapl
A his own

the good, the bad, a n d the strange! B a colleague's

C some students'

Listening to rock music wül help y o u to 2 Alice was most worried about Mark's
1 concentróte for / on your studles - a n d it
w i l l m o k e revising about / for your e x o m s
A personality.
B knowledge of music.
C appearance.
less boring too!
3 When he was performing as a D J , Mark struggled
Find it diíficult to remember / remind things? because he
I n tlie w e e k s before y o u take / m a k e your A couldn't remember everything.
e x a m s , try ecrting more fish! B lacked musical talent.
C was too tense.

Look down / up n e w words i n a dicüonary 4 Mark criticises dance music for being
a n d write down / up the word, a definition A rather repetitive.
a n d a n e x a m p l e sentence i n your notebook. B unnecessarily loud.
C very unimaginative.
A l w a y s study on your own / self, so y o u 5 What was Mark most nervous about in Ibiza?
aren't distracted by / íor other people. A seeing his students
B looking silly
Wear orange - it w i l l help y o u to stoy / hold C disappointing people
alert a n d k e e p c a l m / quiet under pressure! 6 What do Mark's students like about his c l a s s e s ?
A T h e lessons are not too difficult.
L e a r n a n s w e r s to questions b y heart / mind B The students can discuss ¡deas.
a n d try to repecrt / retell these i n the e x a m , C T h e subject is fascinating.

7 What has Mark changed as a result of taking part in

LifeSwapl
A his fashion sense
^1 « i ^ 12.3 L i s t e n to an e x a m s e x p e r t giving her opinión of B his taste in music
the tips in A c t i v i t y 1. Does s h e agree with your i d e a s ? C his teaching style

Worl< in groups. A g r e e on your five top tips for new

e x a m s s t u d e n t s . H a s e v e r y o n e in your group followed
these tips?
Imagine y o u could t r y out s o m e o n e e l s e ' s job for
W o r d b o o s t I • L e a r n i n g • W o r k b o o k p. 70 a w e e k . What would y o u c h o o s e ? W h y ?

0
 )••• • •
S p e a k i n g : Parts 3/4 - CoUaborative task and foUow-up discussion 1 1 )) •• •• •• • •
• •

A local school is organising a careers day for students. With a partner, discuss how
interesting the people in the photos A-D might be as speakers. Choose two people
to invite to speak at the school.

iMl| 12.5 Listen to two students discussing the photos.

1 Which two speakers do the students choose to invite to the careers day?
2 How well do the speakers do the task? Do they a) answer the question?
b) respond to each other? c) use a range of language?

^1 (Hll 12.5 Work in groups. Listen again and tick W) the expressions you hear.
Check your answers with the rest of the group.

Opinions Agreeing and disagreeing

(Personally,) I (don't) think that... I totally / completely agree / disagree.

It seems to me that... / l've got a feeling that, That's a good point (, but...)
As far as I can tell,... Absolutely (not). / Really?
In my o p i n i ó n / view,... / To me,... That makes sense. / I see what you mean.
l've always thought that.... I suppose so (, but...)
I'm not sure. Me too. / Me neither.
I hadn't thought of that. I agree up to a point, but...

Moving a discussion on Giving yourself time to think

Why don't / Shall we start with / by ... I haven't thought much about this before ,
Shall w e / L e t ' s l o o k a t . . . That's an interesting question ...
What next? I mean,... / You see,...
So, have we decided which ... Let me see / think ...
Have we reached a conclusión? Right,/Well

E x a m practice S p e a k i n g P a r t s 3 a n d 4: the exam Exam tip

Look at the sentences in the Exam tip.
Do they refer to Part 3 (3), Part 4 (4)
or both (B)?
Work with a partner and do the exam task
1 Discuss every written prompt.
2 Respond to your partner's ideas and ask for their opinions.
3 Negotiate with your partner to reach a final decisión.
4 Discuss your opinions with your partner and explain your ideas.
5 Remember, there is no 'right' answer - you will get marks for

L:
on page154. the way you use the language, not for your opinions.
W o r d b i i í l d í n g : work

Affixes: review P h r a s a l v e r b s ( 6 ) : work

Read the article. Match the jobs 1-4 to the illustrations A-D. Read these advertisements for unusual Jobs.
Which Job do you think is the worst? Why? Which would you like to try the most? Why?
•V-
Would you jump crt the chcaice to ploy
?^íje wor$t jo6$ in íjt$tory? Computer gomes íor money? As a gomes
tester youll test new gomes and let
P l o u g h m a n (12* C ) . Person w i t h great p h y s i c a i US know ií you come up agoinst ony
s t r e n g t h a n d e n d u r a n c e required to w o r k i i i t k e fields problems, We'll then sort out any issues
i n all weathers. It's u n l i k e l y you'll get p r o p e r l y paid but beíore the gomes reoch the shops,
inadequate or careless w o r k m a y result i n s t a r v a t i o n .

F o o d t a s t e r (ló"* C ) . We're d e l i g h t e d to advertise a Do you have a taient for seeing through

w o n d e r f u l role for food lovers. T h e sola r e q u i r e m e n t is to people's deceptions and catching them out
taste the K i n g ' s food. Some o f this m a y be p o i s o n o u s , so when they tell a lie? A prívate detective firm
i f y o u d i s l i k e t a k i n g risks, this job obviously isrit for y o u ! requires a new investigator to join our team.
O p t i m i s t s preferred.

S p i t t u m e r (lé*'' C ) . Here's a great job o p p o r t u n i t y for For a carear that's out of this worid, why
teenagers ( n o n - v e g e t a r i a n s o n l y ) . Y o u w i l l cook meat o n not become an astronaut? The successful
a s c o r c h i n g fire a l l day long. I r r e s p o n s i b l e cooks w h o candidate will be good at taking lots of
b l a c k e n the meat w i U n o t be paid. information in and coping with pressure. A
head for heights is aiso essential!
H e r m i t (iS"" C ) . A r e y o u a n t i s o c i a l ? D o y o u get i m p a t i e n t
w i t h other people or find t h e m a n n o y i n g ? A s a h e r m i t ,
you'll spend y o u r e x i s t e n c e i n i s o l a t i o n , l i v i n g by y o u r s e l f H
Wanted: a nature lover to look afiter a tropical
i n a cave. N o t suitable for those w h o hate b e i n g alone!
island! You'll explore the island and record all
the wilcllife you come across. You'll report your
experiences to a video díary so you need to be
good atgettingyour ideas across!

Match six of the phrasal verbs in boid in

Activity 4 to the definitions 1-6.
encounter (a difficulty)
make something understood
solve
Work with a partner. Match the affixes in boid in the article in
learn and understand
Activity 1 to the categories below. Try to add one more example
work out the truth behind (something)
word for each category.
accept eagerly
1 negative prefix i^n-, 4 adjective suffix
2 noun suffix - a thing 5 verb suffix Language summary • p. 167
3 noun suffix - a person 6 adverb suffix

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the stem words. O v e r to y o n
Are these statements true for you? Why? / Why not?
Write a short description (50-100 words)
1 I would find i t . ^ ( P O S S I B L E ) t o d o a n y of t h e . of the worst job you can think of. Inciude at
( H I S T O R Y ) Jobs in the article, even for a weel<! least four words with different affixes and
Having an ( E N J O Y ) job is more importan! to me than two phrasal verbs.
being (WEALTH).
I thinl< that people's choice of ( P R O F E S S ) tells you a iQll Read other students' descriptions and try
to match each job to a person. Has anyone
lot about t h e i r . (PERSONAL).
described a job you would really like or really
4 I work much m o r e . ( E F F E C T I V E ) when l'm working hate to t r y ?
( D E P E N D E N ! ) , by myself, than as part of a team.
W o r d b o o s t ¡•Workbookp.87
Language summary • 167

'1441
 >•••
R e a d i n g a n d U s e o f E n g l i s h : Parí 3 - Word formation

Get r e a d y for t h e e x a m

The Exam tip is incomplete. What things should you think about?
Readíiig a n d Exam tip
With a partner, complete sentences 1-6 with the correct form of Use o f Engtlish
the stem words. P a r t 3 : the exam
Part 3 tests your understanding of the way
A good boss should be: I words are formed. Read the text first for gist.
Then look at each gapped sentence carefully
1 (SYMPATHY), and care about his staff's problems. and think about:
2 full of ( A P P R E C I A T E ) when things go right! 1
3 slow to ( C R I T I C A D when things go wrong! 2
A bad boss i s : | 3

4 ( C O N S I D E R ) , and never thinks about other 4

people. Check your answers in context, and write an
^an swi
answer for every gap.
5 cruel and ( P L E A S E ) to his t e a m .
6 slow to pay any of his (EMPLOY)!

| ^ | | Write two more sentences to describe a good or a bad boss.

Include gaps and stem words and ask another pair to
complete them.

J^WWWWfü • Revisión • Workbook p. 71

E x a m practice
Complete the exam task.

For questions 1-8, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the Unes to form a word
that fits in the gap in the s a m e line. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Write your answers IN CAPITAL L E T T E R S .

Stress!
When w a s the last time you feit really (0) SIB^.S^I^. ? STRESS
Maybe you made a mistake at work and your boss was
' 0, (1) Or perhaps you were late with an essay, FURY
and you knew your teacher would be (2) SYMPATHY
^H^^H You will probably remember that moment a s a deeply
unpleasant time. Symptoms of stress vary but may include an
increased heart rate or feeling excessively (3) or ANXIETY
tirad. S o it might be surprising to learn that some stress may
^^Hi^^H actually be good for us!
It seems that a short attack of stress such a s that experienced
before an exam or a Job interview can actually improve (4) and memory. It has aiso CONCENTRATE
been suggested that it can even be beneficial to our health - by temporarily (5) WIDE
blood vesseis and boosting heart and lung power, it effectively acts like a mini 'work out'l
But the (6) of time we experience stress is important. Long-term stress is not LONG
good for us, and without treatment can have very (7) consequences. If stress is HARM
making you depressed or ill, then try to change the situation or seek help. Don't go on suffering
in (8) I SILENT
 W r i t i n g : Part 2 - A formal letter
Prepare
With a partner, discuss how learning languages can be useful, thinking about the topics below.
Do you think learning languages will be important to you in the future? Why? / Why not?

travel hobbies friends and family work

Analyse the task

Read the task on the right and look at the photo.
You s e e this advertisement on an English language website.
Would you like to do this type of job? Why? / Why
not? Do you ever visit places like these?
G L O B A L C H A T
We are looking for people to work in our internet
|S| In this task, will you need to write a formal or
café for two months in the summer.
an informal letter? Which Information helped
• Are you interested in computers?
you to decide?
• Do you have any useful experience?
• Is your level of English good?
£ | Read Julia's letter, ignoring the missing words.
What is the main topic of paragraphs A, B, C and D? Apply to the manager, iVIiss Wade, saying why you think
you are suitable for the job.
^ Julia's letter is a first draft. She has crossed out Write your letter of application in 140-190 words in an appropriate
several mistakes! With a partner, choose suitable styie. Do not write any postal addresses.
words or expressions to complete her letter.
1 ^

4
DearMíss YJade,

/ (1) ih respome fv i^oi^t^ advetiisemint

to^people to mrkm í^fis.^etcofés. I mi^ldhU fv
í 2) foira posifio^ ^ith o/obal Chat
B
Ic^y^ver^mferesfedm coy.p.fen^ a.d
y>ope ( 4 ) mformafio^ techmloau af

offhe i^te^mtas I re^^M^ ^^e itfo, .esearch.

leamtho^ fv serve c^sfvmen. deal mfh mmu a^d

pirepaire simple mecéis. I believe ( 6 ) /^^^^
stílls coiAld be lAsefiAÍ m a mv, role mfh Global Chat
I (7) Bm^lish for f^e tjears, and ¡
(8) ^fintCerfif)cateih English (FCB)
^^x^>^onfh.tm,ldmlcorr>efheopporfunifufv
speak English as partofr,,^ mrk, as I m^ld
(9) fr^developmi^stíllsftirfher.
Please (10) ¡.esitafe fv contactrr,e ifuoi,
h^yean^^,esfions.llookm fvhearina

Yom ( 1 2 )
Ji/ilia Nomk
P r e p a r i n g for P a r t 2

Complete the Exam tip with two of the numbers in In groups, copy and c o m p l e t e the table for e a c h of the
the list. t a s k t y p e s in boid in the E x a m tip.

one two three four five six 120 140 formal letter

r e g i s t e r (formal / informal) • fomal

W r i t i n g P a r t 2 : the exam ExaiU típ layout • fomaí letter sfijle
In P a r t 2 you will h a v e a cholee of writing t a s k s . Y o u • a he\Aj pam^mph for each /
need to a n s w e r (1) question in ( 2 ) -190 meiAj piece of information
words.
useful e x p r e s s i o n s • Dear Sir / Madam, ...
- T a s k s m a y include: a formal letter, an informal letter,
• / ayn wrifing fo...
an email, an article, a report or a review.
' Make s u r e y o u know who t h e t a r g e t r e a d e r is for the useful g r a m m a r / language • ihdirecfqMsfioms
task you choose. • pofite expressions
Writmg refercnce • p. 168-175

fy||l D i s c u s s t h e s e questions in your groups.

1 Which task types do you usually find the a) easiest,
b) most difficult? W h y ?
2 Do you think you are likely or unlikely to write about
one of the set t e x t s ? W h y ?
3 How are you going to prepare for this paper before
the e x a m ?

1^ Look at the e x a m t a s k s below and c h o o s e one question

to a n s w e r . When you h a v e finished, c h e c k your work
and m a k e a n y c o r r e c t i o n s .

E x a m practice

-»..».».«j„«.«-»-«w«-»-.»..»,«.«.

Write an answer to one of the questions in this part. Write your answer in 140-190 words in an appropriate style.

1 You see this advertisement in an English language magazine.

ilUSnC MINIO D V D SIHIOP IS LOOKING FOR SUMMER SALES STAFF

• Do you enjoy different kinds of music and film?

• Do you speak English?
• Do you have any relevant experience or skills?
\fyou are interested, write to tlie manager, Mr Burton, explaining wliyyou are suitabie.

Write your letter to Mr Burton. Do not include postal addresses.

The international college where you study publishes a monthly magazine for students. The editor has asked for
reviews of websites that are useful for study purposes. Your review should briefly describe the site, saying why
you think other students would find it useful. Y o u should aiso suggest a way in which the site could be improved.
Write your review.

Your teacher has asked you to write a report of a school trip that you recently took part in. Briefly describe the
trip and explain how useful and how enjoyable it w a s . You should aiso explain why you would, or would not,
recommend that the school organises similar trips in futuro years.
Write your report.
O n target

Units 1-12
^1 People d o s o m e s t r a n g e t h i n g s a t i n t e r v i e w s ! C o m p l e t e t h e s e real life s t o r i e s f r o m i n t e r v i e w e r s
w i t h t h e c o r r e c t f o r m o f t h e v e r b s i n bold.
0 A candidate once bnmhf (bring) h e r m u m t o a n i n t e r v i e w , s a y i n g ' M y IVIum lASnderstahds (understand) m e best!'

1 A baid candidate suddenly (leave) the interview room. When he (return), he (wear) a v, :
2 E v e n t h o u g h it w a s a v e r y s e r i o u s i n t e r v i e w , t h e c a n d i d a t e (keep) (laugh).
3 A c a n d i d a t e s a i d , 'I (know) t h i s is o f f t h e s u b j e c t , b u t (you / marry) me?'
4 A man asked,' (you / work) h e r e t h i s t i m e n e x t y e a r ? O n i y I w o u l d like (have) y o u r Job.'
5 One candidate (announce) s h e (not had) l u n c h a n d p r o c e e d e d (eat) a t a k e a w a y !
6 An applicant stated, 'Sometimes I (feel) like (smash) things.'
7 A w o m a n e x p l a i n e d , 'I d i d n ' t h a v e t i m e (take) ail m y e x a m s b e c a u s e I (kidnap) by crimináis.'
8 While the interviewers (ask) her questions, the candidate (switch) on her MP3 player!

1^ F o r q u e s t i o n s 1-12, r e a d t h e t e x t b e l o w a n d d e c i d e w h i c h a n s w e r ( A , B , C o r D ) b e s t f i t s e a c h g a p .

Could you be the next 'Q'?

T h e m e d i a o f t e n g l a m o r i s e s c e r t a i n p r o f e s s i o n s , g i v i n g t h e (0) JMW-^'-^ÉOñ.
t h a t t h e w o r i d o f w o r k is full o f a c t i o n a n d e x c i t e m e n t . O n s c r e e n , s p i e s i^HIh.
g r e a t l y o u t n u m b e r a c c o u n t a n t s , a n d (1) anyone spends any „^
t i m e a t t h e o f f i c e ! H o w e v e r , s o m e t i m e s it s e e m s t h a t life c a n i m í t a t e art. ^

In t h e f i l m s , J a m e s B o n d a l w a y s (2) a visit t o t h e e c c e n t r i c
i n v e n t o r ' Q ' w h e n e v e r h e w a n t s t o t a k e (3) o f t h e latest
technology. Q's numerous inventions included an exploding alarm d o c k _ ¿SeJc
a n d a n u n d e r w a t e r c r a f t d e s i g n e d t o (4) a crocodile!

N o w it s e e m s t h a t t h e f i c t i o n a l (5) of Q may soon have a 8

real-life e q u i v a l e n t ! T h e B r i t i s h i n t e l l i g e n c e a g e n c y , a i s o c a i l e d M I 5 , a r e nP^i
l o o k i n g (6) s o m e o n e w i t h w o r i d - c l a s s e x p e r t i s e in t h e f i e l d s —
of s c i e n c e a n d t e c h n o l o g y t o t a k e o n a (7) as their chief
s c i e n t i f i c a d v i s o r . A n y o n e w h o w a n t s t o b e (8) f o r t h e p o s t will
n e e d t o d e m ó n s t r a t e a t a l e n t f o r (9) u p w i t h i n n o v a t i v e i d e a s . T h e s u c c e s s f u l c a n d i d a t e will b e e x p e c t e d
t o d e v e l o p f u t u r i s t i c t e c h n o l o g y t o h e l p (10) the country against threats from terrorism and other
(11) c r i m e . H o w e v e r , it s e e m s h i g h i y (12) t h a t h e o r s h e will e v e r b e c a l l e d u p o n t o m o d i f y
a s p o r t s c a r like t h a t o w n e d b y 0 0 7 !

0 A impact B effect
Ce) impression D response
1 A infrequently B hardiy
c practically D rarely
2 A does B gives
c goes D pays
3 A profit B advantage
^ c benefit D use
4 A resemble B seem
c imagine D pretend
5 A performance B character
c personality D actor
6 A for B at c into D on
7 A career B work c role D task
8 A recognised B considered c regarded D appreciated
9 A bringing B giving c coming D putting
10 A save B support
c rescue D protect
11 A strong B great
c serious D heavy
12 A impossible B uncertain c incredible D unlikely
U n i t 2 , P a g e 1 7 , A c t i v i t y 6 : Student A U n i t 2 , P a g e 2 0 , A c t i v i t y 6 : Team A
^Jl Think of a celebrity for e a c h of t h e s e c a t e g o r i e s . Choose six w o r d s f r o m the list and w r i t e definitions.
Make notes about their a p p e a r a n c e and personality. Include a r e l a t i v e pronoun in e a c h definition. L e a v e
Do not tell y o u r p a r t n e r your i d e a s . a gap i n s t e a d of writing the word or p h r a s e !

maleador female musician male sportsperson A is someome n/ho tries to n/ím a TV

cotntest (Amsmr: cohtestainf)
Describe e a c h celebrity to your partner without g/V/ng
arrogant autobiography celebrity
their ñame. D e s c r i b e t h e s e things in order and keep
eontestafít forehead heroic plump
a r e c o r d of y o u r p a r t n e r ' s s c o r e .
selfish sensible stunning
• appearance (a correct guess at this stage = 15 points)
• personality (a correct guess = 10 points)
T a k e it in t u r n s to read your definitions to T e a m B.
• career (a correct guess = 5 points)
E a c h t e a m has t w e n t y s e c o n d s to g u e s s the c o r r e c t
^1 L i s t e n to your p a r t n e r d e s c r i b e t h r e e c e l e b r i t i e s and t r y a n s w e r . T h e t e a m with the most c o r r e c t a n s w e r s w i n s .
to g u e s s who t h e y a r e . T h e more quickiy you g u e s s t h e
right a n s w e r , t h e more points you will get! ••

U n i t 2 , P a g e 2 3 , A c t i v i t y 4 : Student A
What might be difficult about doing these Jobs?

Unit 2, P a g e 27, Activity 5

1 Johnny Depp (American actor who played Captain 4 Shakira (the highestseiling Coiombian singer of
Jack Sparrow in the Pirates of the Caribbean films) all time)
2 Pelé (Brazilian football player, considered to be one 5 Matt Groening (American cartoonist who created
of the worid's greatest) The Simpsons and Futurama)
3 Baz Luhrmann 6 Katie Holmes
 >•••
>••• •'
•'
Pairwork activities

U n i t 7 , P a g e 8 3 , A c t i v i t y 4 : Student A

Why is a computer important to these people?

U n i t 1 0 , P a g e 1 1 6 , A c t i v i t y 7 : Student A

You are a Journalist. Ask the celebrity five questions. Try to make them as interesting as possible!
Your fans will probably be quite shocked by this news. What message would you like to give them?

^1 You are in the audience of a TV show, Celebrity Gossip. Listen to the presenter taiking about
your interview and interrupt if you think he / she is not reporting your interview accurately!
Do you agree with the presenter's final o p i n i ó n ?

U n i t 1 1 , P a g e 1 3 1 , A c t i v i t y 6 : Student A

Why is music important to these groups of people?

Unit 3, P a g e 36, Activity 1 Unit 4, P a g e 48, Activity 5

ünswers Answers
1 Sahara 2 flea 3 Amazon 4 football A POLLUTION; DROUGHT; EXTINCTION B Stili oniy 6!
C V. Explanation: The ietters are in alphabetical order, but
some Ietters are missing! Between A and B there is no gap,
Unit 4, P a g e 46, Activity 1 between B and D there is a gap of 1 letter, between D and G
ünsweirs there are 2 Ietters, then 3 Ietters between G and K, 4 Ietters
between K and P, and finally 5 Ietters between P and V.
1 spider 2 kangaroo 3 butterfly 4 panda
D (breed; die); H (catch; hide); T (hunt; track)
5 ostrich 6 anaconda 7 rabbit 8 cockroach

0
Did you get them all right? Well done - you might be geniuses!
U n i t 2 , P a g e 1 7 , A c t i v i t y 6 : Student B U n i t 2 , P a g e 2 0 , A c t i v i t y 6 : Team B

IQI Think of a celebrity for each of these categories. 1 ^ Choose six words from the list and write definitions.
Make notes about their appearance and personality. Include a relative pronoun in each definition. Leave
Do not tell your partner your ideas. a gap instead of writing the word or phrase!

female sportsperson male musician actress _ persoh is someoM lAjho is verij

mell-hiooñ/io. (Atoswer. famoi/is)
Igl Listen to your partner describe tliree celebrities and try
to guess who ttiey are. The more quickiy you guess the argument chin dyed famous
right answer, the more points you will get! glamorous marriage mischievous
realityshow skinny sympathetic
Describe each celebrity to your partner without giving
their ñame. Describe these things in order, and keep a
record of your partner's score.
0 Take it in turns to read your definitions to Team A.
Each team has twenty seconds to guess the correct
appearance (a correct guess at this stage = 15 points) answer. The team with the most correct answers wins.
• personality (a correct guess = 10 points)
• career (a correct guess = 5 points)

V n i t 2 , P a g e 2 3 , A c t i v i t y 4 : Student B

Why might people choose to have weddings like these?

U n i t 4 , P a g e 4 7 , A c t i v i t y 4 : Student B

What might people enjoy about looking at these animáis?

P a i r w o r k activitíes ••••
U n i t 7 , P a g e 8 3 , A c t i v i t y 4 : Student B

Why is it difficult to use a mobile phone in these situations?

Unit 10, P a g e 116, Activity 7 : Unit 10, P a g e 118, Activity 1

Student B

You are the celebrity. Answer the journalist's

questions. Try to be as interesting as
possíble!
Thafs mt1ri4e! WhatreaUuj hap-pehed
is this...
You are in the audience of a TV show,
Celebrity Gossip. Listen to the presenter
taiking about your interview and interrupt
if you think he / she is not reporting your
interview accurately! Do you agree with the
presenter's final opinión?
Some scientists believe that the right and ieft sides of your brain process information
in different ways, As most people tend to use one side of the brain siightiy more than
the other, this may mean that your personality is shaped by your brain type!
Did you answer:
• IVIostIy As? You are probabiy a right-brain thinker, Right-brain people tend to be
emotional thinkers, They spend more time dreaming and imagining than Ieft-brain
thinkers. As students, they tend to prefer more imaginative, open tasks. They are
equally as inteiligent and thoughtful as left-brained thinkers, but they tend to be
happier to takerisksand try out new language.
• Mostly Bs? You are probabiy a Ieft-brain thinker Left-brain people tend to be
logical thinkers. They spend more time studying and analysing than right-brain
thinkers. As students, they usually prefer well-organised, structured tasks, They are
equally as inteiligent and creative as right-brained thinkers, but they are more likely
to check their work and think about accuracy.

U n i t 1 1 , P a g e 1 3 1 , A c t i v i t y 6 : Student B

WInat are the people enjoying about these concerts?

Unit 7, P a g e 7 8 , Activity 5
iQj^ Look at the avatars on page 79. Imagine you are going
to design an avatar for yourself! Draw or write a short
description of your avatar. Do not write your ñame!
Work in groups. Take it in turns to describe your avatar,
explaining why you have chosen it. When everyone has
finished speaking, discuss as a group how attractive or
interesting each avatar is. Then decide which one is the
most unusual and why.
iQ^ Find another group (B) and swap your drawings and
written descriptions. In your group (A), look carefully at
the Information you've been given. Can you match each
avatar to a person in group B?
Useful languag^
/Ve based this on ...
This is meant to look (a bit) like...
This represents...

U n i t 9 , P a g e 1 0 1 , A c t i v i t y 6 : Student A
Complete ai! the squares in the box. Yellow challenges are for you, and blue challenges
are for your partner. Remember to time your partner carefully!

Ask Student B =Ask Student B which

to tell you about
three dreams they have
for the future. Ask them
to talk for thirty seconds!
Answer Student B's
challenge.
successful people they
Answer Student B's Answer Student B's
admire and why. Ask
challenge. challenge.
them to talk for one
minute.
"—— y
ísk Student B whether Ask Student B to ñame
= they would rather be rich ten nouns to describe
Answer Student B's
but stupid, or intelligent emotions, e.g. sadness.
challenge.
but poor! Ask them to Ask them to answer in
talk for one minute. forty seconds or less.

ÍQ Finished? If you have tied (= got the same score), try this challenge: write as many
phrasal verbs (e.g. erjcí up, set out, etc.) as you can in thirty seconds. You must be able
to give the meaning if challenged! The person with the greatest number wins.

Unit 8, P a g e 9 2 ,Activity 7
Discuss the following questions about each photo. Use modals of deduction.
1 What do you think ¡s happening?
2 Why do you think this is happening? (What happened before?)
3 What do you think will happen next?
 •••• •
*•••*
)••• •
Pairwork activities )••• •
)••• •

Unit 10, P a g e 1 1 6 , A c t i v i t y 7 : Student C

You are a TV presenten. Listen to a journalist interviewing the celebrity from Activity 6.
Make notes about what they say.

1^ Report back on what both people said for your show, Celebrity Gossip. The joi^maíisfasM Eía ifshe had been
Remember, you need to be accurate: the journalist and the celebrity shociced bij the mem.
will both be in the audience! At the end, give your own personal opinión
of the celebrity.

Unit 1 1 ,P a g e 1 3 1 , A c t i v i t y 6 : Student C

What is difficult about performing in these situations?

Unit 12,P a g e 143, Activity 5

Discuss these Part 3 questions. Talk for two minutes about the first question, then for one minute about
the second question.

Why are these jobs

ist
journalist V at a football match referee
important?

first aider footballer

fast food vender

Which Job would be the most interesting to do?

í Discuss three of the Part 4 questions on
the right. Talk for four minutes. When
you have finished, discuss how well you
think you did the task with your partner.
Are there any á r e a s you think you could
improve on before the exam?
1 Do you enjoy watching sportJng events? Why? / Why not?
2 Why do you think so many people want to become professional
footballers?
3 What kind of things should people think about when they're
choosing a career?
4 Why do some people have to wear uniforms at work?
5 Do you prefer working on your own or as part of a team? Why?

i54
Unit 8, P a g e 9 5 , Activity 5

How can these things

watching a comedy make people feel eating chocolate
happier if they are
feeling sad?

writing a diary

taiking to a friend
c
W h i c h of t h e s e things is likely to b e the m o s t e f f e c t i v e ?

U n i t 9 , P a g e 1 0 1 , A c t i v i t y 6 : Student B
(||^ Complete all the squares in the box. Yellow challenges are for you, and blue challenges
are for your partner. Remember to time your partner carefully!

A s k S t u d e n t A to
ñ a m e ten adjectives A s k S t u d e n t A to t a l k
Answer to describe s o m e o n e ' s A n s w e r S t u d e n t A's about celebritíes who

I
S t u d e n t A's c h a l l e n g e personality, e.g. cheerful challenge annoy t h e m ! A s k t h e m
A s k t h e m to a n s w e r in to talk for one minute.
forty seconds or l e s s .

A s k S t u d e n t A to tell Ask Student A whether

you about three things
that they have already
achieved.
' A s k t h e m to t a l k
for thirty secondsy
they would rather be a
A n s w e r S t u d e n t A's A n s w e r S t u d e n t A's
f a m o u s singer. writer or
challenge challenge
sportsperson. Ask them
to talk for one minute.

^1 Finished? If you have tied (= got the same score), try this challenge: write as many
phrasal verbs (e.g. end up, set out, etc.) as you can in thirty seconds. You must be able
to give the meaning if challenged! The person with the greatest number wins.

P a i r w o r k activiti
TARGE^
CAMBRIDGE
ENGLISH:
,
¡
Language summary
FIRST i
Unit 1
Present tense review Adjective suffixes
We use the present simple ...
-able enjoyable re/;able acceptable
- for regular or repeated actions.
-al mus/cal naíural env/ronmeníal
• / play tennis every Tuesday.
-ent exce//ent different dependent
- for situations that don't change.
• / Uve in London. -ful /lopeful pa/nful useful

We use the present continuous ... -le artistlc scientif'ic

- for actions in progress now. -Ish childish foo/Ish se/fish

• He's playing tennis at fhe moment. -Ive acílve creaíive a í í r a c í i v e
- for temporary situations. -less /lopeless pa/nless useless
• l'm living witti my aunt for a few monttis.
-ous glamorous dangerous famous
We use the present perfect...
-y sporty healthy lucky
- for past actions where we don't specify a time.
• /'ve met her a few times. We can add suffixes to nouns and verbs to form
- for past actions with a present result. adjectives. Note that sometimes there are other spelling
• O/i, no! I've forgotten my passport! changes.
- for actions that started in the past and continué in • glamour -> glamorous
the present. • rely reliable
• ¡'ve lived liere for tliree years. • sciencescientific

We use the present perfect continuous ...

- to emphasise that an action which started in the
Verbs + infinitive / gerund
past is still continuing.
• I've been working all day. (l'm still working) Verbs + to infinitive
decide expect hope learn manage promise
Remember...
refuse want would like
- we don't use the present continuous with stative
verbs (hete, have got, hear, know, like, ¡ove, Verbs + gerund
remember, understand, etc). can't stand deny enjoy finist) give up
• / don't like tfiis soup. (UOJ l'm not liking this soup.) hate keep look forward to suggest

Verbs + gerund or to infinitive

Present perfect vs past simple
begin continué like lave prefer start
We use the present perfect (not the past simple)...
- for actions that started in the past and continué ¡n Note...
the present. - We can use like + gerund.
• I've worked here for two years. (I still work here) • / like dancing. (I enjoy it)
- for past actions where we don't specify a time. - We can aiso use like + to infinitive.
• I've seen that film. • / like todomy homework on Friday evenings.
We use the past simple (not the present perfect)... (I prefer to do this)
- We use would like + to infinitive (but not gerund).
- for actions that started and finished in the past.
• / would like to dance.
• / worked ttiere two years ago. (I don't work there now)
- for past actions where we specify a time.
• / saw ttiat film last week.

'1561
UnitZ
Relative clauses Compound adjectives
Which relative pronoun we use depends on whether kind-
it is used in a defining or non-defining relative clause,
cold- -hearted
on what the pronoun describes, and whether it is the
hard-
subject or object of the clause.
fair-
defining relative clause non- dark- -haired
defining black-
subject object relative blue-
clause brown- -eyed
which / dark-
thing which / that / - which
that
thick- -skinned
person who / that who / that / - who
well-
We can aiso use where for places, when for times and smartly- -dressed
whose for possession. scruffily-
• The village where I grew up is tiny. narrow-
• Do you remember when we first met? broad- -minded
' That's the man whose sister plays the trombone. open-

Defining relative clauses give more information about a We can form compound adjectives by joining two other
person or thing, and make it clear (or define) which one words together.
we are taiking about.
• She's got dark hair. -* She's dark-haired.
• The man who Uves next door to me is very nice.
• He dresses well. -»• He's well-dressed.
• The film which / that we saw was really good.
• a giri with blue eyes -»• a blue-eyed giri
In defining relative clauses, we can omit the relative
pronoun when it is the object of the clause, but not
when it is the subject of the clause.
Phrasal verbs (1): relationships
• The man (who) I met is very nice.
(I met the man = object) Verb Particle
• The man who Uves there is very nice. get on
(The man Uves there = subject)
go out
Non-defining relative clauses give extra information. We
fall out
use commas to sepárate them from the rest of
the sentence. spiit up
• Simón, who Uves in London, is a doctor. make up
• The film, which was made in 2012, is really good.
get back together
In non-defining relative clauses, we can't omit the settie down
relative pronoun, and we use which, not that, for things.
• The house, which / thai is very big, is near the bring up
station.
We form phrasal verbs with a verb + particle.
In formal English we use whom instead of who as the • They get on very well.
object of a defining relative clause. • Tom and Sara have fallen out.
• The man whom I met is very nice.
Some phrasal verbs can be followed by another particle
In formal English, we put a preposition before which or or preposition.
whom. In informal English, we put the preposition at the
• / get on well with my brother.
end of the clause.
• John wants to setile down with Lucy.
• The doctor to whom I spoke was very kind. (formal)
' John and Lucy want to settie down together.
• The doctor I spoke to was very kind. (informal)
Unita
Narrative tenses We can use (just / exactly) as... as to say that two
things are the same.
We use the past simple, past continuous, past perfect • My brother is as tall as me.
and past perfect continuous in narratives. • Going by train is just as expensive as fiying.

We use the past simple for the main actions or events.
• John got up at seven o'clock. He had breakfast and
left the house.
We use the past continuous ...
- for actions that continued while the main events
happened.
• The sun was shining when he got up.
- for events which were interrupted by the main
events.
• The phone rang while he was having a shower.
We use the past perfect...
- for background events or facts, which happened
before the story started.
• Sara lived in London. She had moved there when
she was sixteen.
- to refer back to events that happened earlier.
• He went to the station, but the train had left. (it left
before he arrived)
We use the past perfect continuous for actions that
continued for some time before a main action or event.
• / had been waiting for over an hour when the bus
finally carne.
To talk about a small difference, we can use ...
- a bit / a littie / slightiy + comparative.
• This chair is slightiy more comfortable than the
cid one.
• She can run a bit faster than me.
- almost / nearly / not quite as... as.
• Our car is almost as oíd as yours.
(your car is slightiy newer)
To talk about a big difference, we can use ...
- m u c h / a / o í / f a r + comparative.
• The second exam was much more difficult than the
first one.
- twice / three times as... as.
• This hotel is twice as expensive as the other one.
- easily / by far + superíatiwe.
' It's by far the best film / Ve ever seen.
Verb patterns (2): gerund I mfínitive
with a change in meanmg
Some verbs can be followed by either a gerund or
infinitive, but with a change in meaning.

Verb + gerund
Comparatives and superlatives / stopped taiking to her. (I was taiking, then I stopped)

We can use adjectives and adverbs in these structures / ivon'f forget meeting him. (I met him and I won't
to compare things. forget)
/ remember posting the letter. (I posted it and I
remember)
just / exactly
/ tried skiing last year. (I did it)
nearly / almost / adjective/
not quite ^ adverí) He went on laughing. (he continued)

twice / three times
a bit / a littie / slightiy
much / a /oí / far
easily / by far
Verb + to infinitive
/ stopped to talk to her. (I stopped, then I taiked)
/ forgoí í o meet him. (I forgot, so I didn't meet him)
/ musí remember to post the letter. (I must remember
and post it)
/ tried to ski, but I couldn't. (I didn't manage to do it)
comparativa than
He went on to become a famous singer. (he later
superlative became one)
Unit4
Future forms Determiners: countable and
uncountable nouns
We use several different forms to talk about the future.
Some determiners can be used with countable or
We use will... uncountable nouns, and some can be used with both.
- for general predictions.
+ countable or
• / think you will enjoy this film. + countable + uncountable
uncountable
- for decisions you make as you are speaking. noun noun
noun
• Sit down. I'll make you a cup of tea. ai!
- for promises.
alot
• Don't worry, I'll be careful. a/an any
a few/few a littie / littie enough
We use be going to... a large amountno
each
- for plans. every much none
• l'm going to buy a new car next month. many some
- for predictions based on evidence. the
• Look at those clouds - it's going to rain!
We use may /might / couíd when we don't feel certain
Note that al! of and some of are followed by a plural
about the future.
verb, but none of is followed by a singular verb.
• / might go to university, but I don't know yet. • All of the tourists have cameras.
We use the present continuous for fixed future ' None of the tourists has a camera.
arrangements. Note that a littie and a few have a positive meaning,
• l'm liaving lunch with Tom tomorrow. but attie and few have a negative meaning.
We use the present simple for schedules and timetables. • l've invited a few friends round.
• The next train leaves at 11.50. • She's got very few friends. (almost ñone)
• / can lend you a littie money.
We use the future continuous for an action in progress ' They've got very littie money. (almost none)
at a particular time in the future.
• At seven o'clock tomorrow I'll be fiying to New York.
We use the future perfect for an action that will be
Phrasal verbs (2): solvingproblems
completed by a particular time in the future. We use these phrasal verbs to talk about solving
• By next July I'll have left school. (I will leaveproblems.
school
before July) • carry on (continué)
We use the future perfect continuous for an action that
• come across something (find something by chance)
will continué up until a particular time in the future. • come back (return)
• By July, I will have been studying English for • fill something in (complete something that
five years. Is missing)
• find something out (discover Information)
With stative verbs, we use the future perfect simple for • look after something (take care of something)
this meaning. • look into something (investígate something)
• By next February, I will have known Sarah for • sort something out (deal with a problem)
ten years. • work something out (find a solution)

Language summ
UnitS

Conditionals 0-3 Compound nouns

If clause Main clause We can form compound nouns by joining two or more
words together.
zero conditional If I drínk coffee, / feel ¡II.
• a crossing for pedestrians a pedestrian crossing
If it's sunny we'll go to the • fumes from traffic traffic fumes
first conditional
tomorrow, beach. • a restaurant serving fast food -* a fast-food
second If I had lots of l'd travel all restaurant
conditional money, over the worid.
Some compound nouns are written as one word.
I would have
third If l'd worked • nightiife, pushchair, skyscraper
passed my
conditional harder last year,
exams. Some compound nouns are written with a hyphen.
• father-in-law, x-ray, t-shirt
We use the zero conditional to ta\k about general truths,
or things that always happen.
CoUocations (1): prepositions + nouns
We form the zero conditional using:
If + present simple, present simple.
Preposition Nouns
• If he gets tired, he just falls asieep.
at (at) all, (at) the beginning
We use the first conditional to ta\k about a possible
event in the future. by (by) bus
for (for) a change, (for) a while
We form the first conditional using:
If + present simple, will + Infinitive. in (in) trouble
• If I see Tim, l'll invite him to the party. on (on) foot, (on) the way, (on) time
We use the second conditional to talk about an out of (out) of breath, (out) ofshape
imaginary situation.
Some prepositions combine with nouns to form
We form the second conditional using:
expressions.
lf+ past simple, would + ¡nflnitive.
• We went by bus.
• If I spo/ce Chínese, l'd go and Uve in China, (but I
don't speak Chínese) • Let's sit down for a wliile.
• You'II be in trouble if you do that!
We use the third conditional to talk about events in the
past which did not happen.

We form the third conditional using:

If + past perfect, would have + past participie.
• If you'd toid me about the party, I would have come.
(but you didn't tell me, so I didn't come)

With all conditionals, the ;'f clause or main clause can

come first. If the main clause comes first, we don't put
a comma between the two clauses.
• We won't go to the beach if it rains.
• If it rains, we won't go to the beach.
Unite

Modal verbs (1): ohligation, necessity Adverbs

and advice
We use adverbs of manner to describe how an action
We use should and ought to to give advice. happens. They usually go before or after the verb.
• You should get more sieep. • She waikeú slowly to the úoor.

We use should/shouldn't have to say that something We use adverbs of comment to give our own opinión
someone did in tlie past was a bad idea. about something. They usually go at the beginning of a
• l'm sorry, I shouldn't have borrowed your phone sentence.
without asking. • Amazingly, no one was hurt. (i think this is amazing)

We use have to, need to or must to talí< about something We use adverbs of degree to modify an adjective or
that is necessary, or something we are obliged to do. another adverb. They go before the adjective or adverb.
• Hurry up - we have to leave now. • He's really clever.
• You must carry your passport with you at all times.
We use adverbs of frequency to say how often
We use mustn't to tall< about something that something happens. They go after the verb be or before
is forbidden. other verbs.
• You mustn't tell anyone about this. • He's nevar late.
• He never arrives late.
We use needn't and don't have to to tail< about
something that is not necessary. We use adverbs of time to say when something happens.
• You needn't buy your ticket in advance - you can They usually go after the verb and object.
buy it on the day. • /'// phone you tomorrow.

Notice the difference in meaníng between didn't need to

and needn't have. Phrasal verbs (3): health
• it was raining, so I didn't need to water the garúen.
(it wasn't n e c e s s a r y and I didn't do it) We can use these phrasal verbs to talk about health.
• It rained the following day, so i needn't have • cut down on something (eat less of something)
watered the garúen. • cut something out (stop eating something)
(I w a t e r e d it, but it wasn't n e c e s s a r y ) • eat out (eat in a restaurant)
• give something up (stop doing or eating something)

Modal verbs (1): ability • stick to something (keep doing something)

• take something up (start doing something)
We use can / can't to talk about ability in the present. • work out (do e x e r c i s e s in a gym) ^
• / c a n swim. a

We use could / couldn't to talk about general ability in

«
the past.
-y
• / couldn't swim when I was three.

We use be able to to talk about ability in any tense.

• Next year we will be able to visit you.

We use was / were able to and managed to to talk about

an ability on one occasion in the past.
• The winúow was open, so I was able to escape.

L a n g u a g e suitima:
Unit 7

The passive Negative prefixes

Active Passive dis- disobed/ení disapprove disagree

Present They grow apples Apples are grown il- Wlogical Wlegal Wlegally
simple in England. in England. im- immature mmoral impossible

Present They are building A new stadium is In- inaccurate inconvenient mdependent
continuous a new stadium. being built. Ir- irresponsible irregular Irreversible

Someone stole my un- unreliable unhappy unemployment

Past simple My car was stolen.
car.
We add negative prefixes to adjectives, adverbs, verbs
Workmen were and nouns to form words with an opposite meaning.
The road was
Past fix'mg the road
being fixed when • / disagree with you. (I don't agree)
continuous when the car
the car crashed. • He's unemployed. (he's not employed)
crashed.

Present No one has found The money hasn't

perfect the money. been found. Collocations (2): verbs + prepositions
Someone will find A cure for this
Verb Preposition
will a cure for this disease will be
disease. found. bel leve in something

They must finish The Job must be be dedicated to something

Modals
the Job. finished. depend on something
discourage someone from doing something
We use the passive ...
experiment on animáis
- to change the emphasis of a sentence. Compare:
help with something
• My únele grows apples in his garden. (active -
emphasis on my únele) know about something
• Apples are grown in the garden. (passive - emphasis laugh at something
on apples)
study for an exam
- when the person doing the action of the verb is not
l<nown, not important or obvious. succeed in doing something
• My car was stolen last night. (I don't l<now who suspect someone of something
stole it)
• Cars are made in this factory. (it's not important think about something
who mal<es them)
• She was fired for stealing from clients. (it's obvious Some verbs are followed by collocating prepositions.
that it was her boss who fired her) • My parents discouraged me from getting a Job.
• We succeeded In finishing the Job.
We can use by + agent in a passive sentence to say who
does the action.
• This painting was painted by Rembrandt.

Oniy transitive verbs (verbs which take a direct object)

can have a passive form. Intransitive verbs Wke arrive,
come, die, happen, rain, sieep do not have a direct object
to become the subject of the passive sentence.
UnitS
Modal verbs (2): deduction Phrasal verbs (4): behaviour
We use may, might and could when we are not sure if
Separable
something is true.
• He might be a student. (make them feel more
calm someone down
• She could be ill. relaxed)

cheer someone up (make them feel less sad)

Notice the difference between the negative forms.
• They might / may not know about this. (it's possible let someone down (disappoint them)
that they don't know)
• Don't be silly - it couldn't have been a lion! (it's not make something up (invent it)
possible that it was)
tire someone out (make them feel tired)
We use must when we are sure that something is true.
Inseparable
• He must earn plenty of money to buy a car like t^^at.
' The train must have been delayed. (be accepted by or
fit in with someone
comfortable with them)
We use can't when we are sure that something is
(feel you're better than
not true. look down on someone
them)
• You can't be serious!
' You can't have finished already! rely on someone (depend on them)
(act quickiy, without
rush into something
thinking)
Responses
stand up for something (defend it)
We use these expressions to congratúlate someone
and say we are pleased for them. Phrasal verbs that take an object can be separable
• Congratulations! or inseparable.
' Good for you!
• Well done! With separable phrasal verbs ...
- the object can come before or after the particle
We use these expressions when someone tells you when it is a noun.
something very surprising. • / didn't make up this story / malee this story up!
• I don't believe it!
- the object must come between the verb and particle
• You must be joking! when it is a pronoun.
• You can't be serious! • / didn't make it up!
We use these expressions to sympathise with someone • I don't want to let you down.
when they are disappointed. With inseparable phrasal verbs, the object always
• What a shame! comes after the particle.
• Never mind. • You should stand up for your rights.
• Ohdear! ' Don't rush into it

We use these expressions to say 'yes' when someone

asks US something.
• Tt)at's fine by me.
• Of course.
• No problem.
Unit9

Wishes a n d regrets Words with similar meanings

We use / wish / If only + past simple to express a wish These groups of words have similar meanings.
about a present situation or state. • You succeed in your job. / You achieve something
• / wish I had more money! difficult. / You realise your dream. / You score a
• If only I had a good Job! goal.
- You visit an exhibition of paintings. / You watch a
We use / wish / If only + would to express a wish about performance by an actor. / You watch a display of
something that we want to happen now. We often use juggling. / You watch a funny comedy aci.
this structure for criticisms.
- You play a football match. / You take part in a
• / wish the sun would come out. poetry contest. / You run in a race. / You play a
• / wish he would do more to help! (a criticism) game of chess.
' Spectators watch a sports event. / OnIookers watí
We use / wish / If only + could to express a wish that is
something happening in the street. / An audience
very unlikely to come true.
watches a play or film. / VIewers watch
• If only I could spend all my time travelling!
a TV show.
To express a regret about the past, we can use ... • You earn money. / You proflt from a good deal.
/ You win a game or competition. / You gain
- / wish / If only + past perfect.
knowledge or experience.
• / wish / If only I had worked harder for my exams!
(I didn't work hard and I regret it)
- / regret + gerund. CoUocations (3): adjectives +
• 7 really regret leaving schooí at 16. prepositions
We can use shouldn't + have + past participle to express
a regret or criticism about the past. Adjective Preposition
• / shouldn't have shouted at him. (I regret this) brilliant at something
• You shouldn't have stayed so late, (a criticism)
concerned about something
considérate to someone
Mixed conditionals
experienced in something

If clause Main clause fascinated by something

/ would be rich today. guilty of something

If l'd accepted thatjob,
I would have won that interested in something
If I was a better singer. competition. keen on something

We can sometimes mix different conditional forms. obsessed with something

passionate about something
- We can use If + past perfect + would + infinitive to
ta\k about how an unreal event in the past would responsible for something
affect the present.
• If l'd accepted that job, I would be rich now. (I didn't Some adjectives are followed by collocating
accept the job, so l'm not rich now) prepositions.
- We can use If + past simple + would have + past • Are you interested in sport?
participle to talk about how an unreal present ' We're very concerned about the environment.
situation would have affected the past.
• If I was a better singer, I would have won that
competition. (l'm not a very good singer, so I didn't
win the competition)
Unit 10
Reported speech Expressions with mind

Direct speech Reported speech We use mind in these expressions.

present simple past simple • Do you mind! (that's annoying)

• Don't mind me. (pay no attention to me)
present continuous past continuous
• / don't mind. (it's not important to me)
past simple past perfect • /Ve changed my mind. (I've changed my decisión)
past continuous past perfect continuous • Make up your mind. (make a decisión)
• Mind out! (be careful)
present perfect past perfect
• Mind your own business, (this doesn't concern you)
past perfect no change • My mind went blank. (I couldn't remember anything)
can could • Never mind. (it's not important)
• That's a weight off my mind! (I'm not worried now)
will would
• What's on your mind? (what are you thinking
would, could, should, about?)
no change
must • Would you mind...? (used to make a request)
• You're out of your mind! (you're mad)
In reported speech, the verb usually moves back one
tense.
• 7'm hungry!' -* He said he was hungry. Phrasal verbs (5): life's dramas
The tense does not have to change if what the person We use these phrasal verbs to talk about life's dramas.
says is still true now.
• build something up (improve it) (separable)
• 7 Uve in Leeds.' She said she Uves in Leeds.
• cali something off (cancel it) (separable)
There is no change in reported speech to the past • end up (finally be) (no object)
perfect, would, could, should and must • get over something (recover from it) (inseparable)
• 7 hadn 't finished.' -*• He said h e hadn 't finished. • get through something (complete it) (inseparable)
• 'That would be great!' -* She said that would • own up (admit something) (no object)
be great. • put up with something ( t o l é r a t e it) (inseparable)
• turn someone down (refuse or reject them)
Reported questions (separable)
• turn out to be something (be found to be)
(inseparable)
Direct question Reported question
• walk out (leave your husband or wife) (no object)
She asked where the exit
'Where's the exit?'
was.
'Where did you put He asked where I had put
the key?' the key.
She asked if/ whether I
'Are you coid?'
was co/d.

In reported questions, we...

- move the verb back one tense, as in reported

speech.
- change the word order to the word order of an
affirmative sentence.
- don't use auxiliarles do or did.
- use if or whether in yes / no questions.

Language summar
Unit 11

Participle clauses Comparative expressions: like, as,

We can use participle clauses to repiace other clauses,
especially in formal English.
- We use an -ing participle clause to repiace a clause
with an active verb.
• The man waliing at the bus stop was my únele, (the
man who was waiting ...)
• Having read the newspaper, I put it ¡n the bin. (after
I had read...)
• Having seen the film already, I didn't go to the
cinema, (because I had seen ...)
- We use an -ecí participle clause to repiace a clause
with a passive verb.
• The paintings damaged in the fire will be replaced.
(the paintings which were damaged ...)
as if/ though
We use like + noun / pronoun to say what something is
similar to.
• It looks like a horse.
• It tastes like chicken.
Note that we don't use like before an adjective.
• It looks lovely. (NOT It looks like lovely.)
We can aiso use ///(e to give an example.
• Singers like Alicia Keys are very popular here.
We use as to talk about someone's role or something's
function.
• He works as a teacher.
• You can use it as a spare bed.

Inversión We aiso use as in some fixed expressions.

When we use certain words or expressions at the
beginning of a sentence, we invert the subject and
auxiliary verb. These structures are used in formal
English, to add emphasis.
• Tom was late, as usual.
We can use as + clause to say that something Is similar.
We can aiso use like + clause in informal English.
• / left for work at eight, as / like I always do.

We can use inversión after some negative or We use as if / though + clause to say how a situation
restrictive expressions. seems. We can aiso use like in informal English.
• It looks as if it's going to rain.
• / have never seen such a beautiful painting.
Never have I seen such a beautiful painting. • She looks like she's upset.
• IVe had no sooner arrived, than it was time to leave.
-* No sooner had we arrived, than it was time
to leave. CoUocations (4): verbs + nouns
When we invert a sentence without an auxiliary verb, we Verb Noun
add one. research
do
• He rarely goes out. -» Rarely does he go out.
get a Job
• I oniy met him once. Oniy once did I meet him.
have fun
We can aiso use inversión after ivere, had or should in
make a discovery
conditional clauses.
• If I were rich, l'd fiy ali over the worid. make use of something
-» IVere / rich, l'd fIy all over the worid. pay attention
• If you had worked harder, you would have passed
take an exam
your exams.
-*• Had you worked harder, you would have passed take care of something
your exams.
Some verbs and nouns go together as collocations.
• / need to get a job.
' When do you take your exams?
Unit 12
Review of tenses Affixes: review
Tense Example Type of affix Examples
Present simple / play tennis every day. agreement happiness
noun suffix
Present continuous He's play'mg tennis now. introduction performance

Past simple I had luncti at one o'cloci<. adjective

careful enjoyable painless sporty
suffix
I was having lunch wtien tlie
phone rang. verb suffix advertise
Past continuous
I've seen that film. adverb suffix carefully quickly
He's just left. negative dísagree impossible inaccurate
Present perfect I've íived here for three years. prefix unhappy
Present perfect
I've been working all morning. We use affixes to form new words from word stems.
continuous
• agree -*• agreement, agreeable, disagree
When we got to the cinema, the
Past perfect Sometimes there are other spelling changes.
film had already started.
• happy -»• happiness, unhappy, happily
Past perfect When I got there, the others
continuous had been waiting for an hour.
Doctors will be able to cure this Phrasal verbs (6): work
Will disease one day.
I'll help you! We use these phrasal verbs to talk about work.
Next week I'll be lying on a • catch someone out (show they are lying) (separable)
Future continuous • come across something (find it by chance)
beach.
(inseparable)
By next week I'll have finished
Future perfect • come up against something (face something
my exams.
diffjcult) (inseparable)
• cope with something (deal with it) (inseparable)
Review of verb patterns • get something across (communicate ¡t) (separable)
• jump at something (accept it eagerly) (inseparable)
We use a gerund ... • look after something (take care of it) (inseparable)
- after some verbs. • see through something (see that it is untrue)
• Do you enjoy travelling? (inseparable)
- as the subject of a sentence. • sort something out (solve it) (separable)
• Playing tennis is fun! • take something in (learn or understand it)
- after prepositions. (separable)
• He was arrested for stealing some money.
We use an infinitive with to ...
- after some verbs.
• / want to do well.
- after adjectives.
• The film is likely to be popular.
- to express purpose.
• / went hometo rest.
We use an infinitive without to ...
- after modal verbs.
• You must come with us!
- after the verbs make and let.
• He let me borrow his bike.
- after some expressions.
• We had better wait here.

L a n g u a g e sumrti
 Wrítíng reference

Part 1 - A n essay

In Part 1, which is compulsory, you will read some input material with notes outlining what you must write about.
You will need to write an essay of between 140 and 190 words addressing all these notes.

Sample task

In your English class you have been taiking about young people's use of computer technology.
Now your English teacher has asked you to write an essay.
Write an essay using all the notes and give reasons for your point of view.

Essay question

Do young people spend too much time using computers?

Notes

Things to write about

1 negative effects
2 positive effects
3 your own idea
Write your essay. You must use grammatically correct sentences with accurate spelling and punctuation in a style
appropriate for the situation.

«
Part 1 - ñu essay

Model answer

~^ Nowadays, computer technology is an important part

expi-essiom
of everyday life for many people, especially teenagers.
Make sure y o u :
use Ioin0er' xHowever, some experts are concerned that spending
i s t a y on topic - do not include
sentences and too much time using computers might be dangerous.
i r r e l e v a n t information.
conmcfideas
use a new p a r a g r a p h for e a c h
ñ/ifh íimken /On the one hand, a few young people seem to become
main issue.
addicted to computers. They would rather play games
begin with an introduction to
or chat online than do anything else, which can affect the topic.
foiram agaimst
their studies and social skills. Understandably, these i end with a conclusión
a sfafeyneint
cases are treated with great concern by teachers and s u m m a r i s i n g your v i e w s .
m sepamte
parents. use formal language.
add ideas with linkers of
^ On the other hand, the number of users who become addition (e.g. furthermore).
addicted in this way is very small. Many young people c o n t r a s t ideas w i t h linkers of
enjoy using computers alongside other hobbies, such as c o n t r a s t (e.g. despite).
use t h e c o r r e c t number of
sport or socialising. What is more, studies have shown
words.
that regular computer use actually has many beneflts.
i/ise exa/nples ^ ~"For example, it can help to develop problem-solving !_ check your work for a c c u r a c y .
fosi/ipporí-ijoi^r abilities, as well as technical expertise.
ideas
_y On balance, I believe that the majority of teenagers
do iootfoi-0etfo use computers responsibly. Moreover, as computers are
si/tyn i^p Ljom now essential equipment in many homes, schools and
own opmíoio at workplaces, I feel it is important that young people are
the end! encouraged to understand and enjoy this technology.

Useful langfuage
G í v i n g other people's L i n k e r s of contrast Giving examples
opinions On the one hand,... On the other For example, / instance,...
Studies have shown that... hand,... ..., such as ...
It has been suggested / claimed / However,...
argued that... Although... Reaching a c o n c l u s i ó n
Sonne people are of the opinión that... In spite of / Despite + notvn / gerund Overall, / On balance,...
According to... In spite of / Despite the fact that + On the whole,...
It is generally agreed that... clause To s u m up, / conclude,... '
In conclusión,...
Expressing your o p i n i ó n L i n k e r s of addition
In my opinión,... In addition,...
I firmiy / strongly beiieve that... Moreover,...
It seems clear to me that... Furthermore,...
While I agree t h a t . . . , I disagree that... What is more,...

Writing reference
Part2-Anarticle

Sample task CITYBREAKS

What's your favourite city and why?
You have seen this advertísement on an international travei website.
Write U S an artide:
Whte your article in 140-190 words in an approphate styie.
• describing the city.
• saying w h y it is special for you.
We wUI publish the most interesting
Model answer
articles oniine next month.

,qefreaders' aüenfio^ riqhffmm the startl

Marrakech: the best city in the worid!
Targc
article
My absolute favourite city in tlie worid h a s to be Marrai<ecti, in
Make S L
M o r o c c o . It i i a s beautifui architecture, great s l i o p s a n d restaurants,
include an interesting, c a t c h y J
a n d lots to do a n d s e e . W h a t ' s not to l i k e ?
title.
—askc^msiiom fv engace ijoi/ir readen
use a Iively, c h a t t y ,
T h e oid t o w n (Medina) is fuli of picturesque historie buiidings a n d
senni-formal s t y i e . ;
mysterious p a s s a g e w a y s , while the town s q u a r e is pacl<ed day a n d
speak directly to your r e a d e r s
night with coiouríui stalis a n d iively per f or m a n c e a c t s . A n d a s if this - don't sound too f o r m a l !
w a s n ' t e n o u g h , the A t l a s Mountains are i e s s than a n hour a w a y , give your own opinión,
offering s p e c t a c u i a r v i e w s that wili t a k e y o u r breath a w a y . include d e s c r i p t i o n s ,
e x a m p l e s and s t o r i e s to
I g r e w up just outside M a r r a k e c h a n d I quickiy feii in iove with It. support your ideas,
/ F o r m e , the city h a s a blend of traditionai c h a r m a n d m o d e r n use colourful language, s u c h «
excitement that is completeiy unique. It s e e m s that m a n y other as phrasal verbs, collocations;
peopie feei the s a m e w a y - M a r r a k e c h is n o w a major tourist and idioms. t
destination! m a k e s u r e t h a t you a n s w e r all
t h e points in the question.
use the c o r r e c t number of
M a r r a k e c h m a y not be a s big a n d loud a s N e w York, or a s c h i c a s
words. ,
Milán, but to its m a n y f a n s it's t w i c e a s fascinating, a n d a l w a y s fuli of
chegk your w o r M
surprises! If y o u h a v e n ' t s e e n it, y o u m u s t c o m e s o o n . Y o u ' l l n e v e r
forget it!

- a few idiomafic expressions can

be personal!
malee tjoi/iir airtide soi/ind more
^ er)d mifh an mferesfi'ng lastsentemce
interesting

Usefiil l a n g u a g e
A d d i r e s s i n g the r e a d e r G i v i n g a s t r o n g opinión Giving examples
Have you e v e r . . . ? It's absoluteiy + stunning / ..., such a s . . .
You absoluteiy must... terrible (strong adjective). ..., particularly...
Can you imagine... It took my breath away. ..., like...
I'm sure you'll agree ... 1 will never forget it.
I must tell you about... T h e r e ' s nothing in the worid like it.
You wouldn't believe...
Adding and developing ideas
Giving a personal response For a s t a r t . . .
For me,... / To me,.... Secondiy, / Thirdiy, / Finally,...
Personally, I tfiink / find / believe ... And then there's the fact that...
It seems to me ... On top of that,...
In my view,... Apart from that,...
One thing I Iove / remember... I must aiso mention ...
I'll never forget... As ¡f this wasn't enough,...
Part2-Areport

Sample task

A group of students from the USA are going to visit your town or city next month as part of an exchange visit. Their
teacher has asl<ed you to write a report about shopping in your town / city, including the following Information:
• local specialities which the students could buy as souvenirs ' the best places for teenagers to go shopping
• cheap cafés or restaurants where the students could eat.
Write your report in 140-190 words in an appropriate styie.

Model answer
simple headi/i0s can help IJOIA fo oi^ganise LJOI^Í'ideas Target W r i t i n g Part 2:
Shopping in Kral(ów report checklist
Introduction m often i^se passive sfri^cfums in fomal mifing
Make sure you:
This report considers shopping in Kraków. The local specialities are described, and {~j think about who your reader is
suggestions are given on the best places for teenagers to go shopping and buy food. and what they want to know
Local specialities [ I begin with an introductior
explaining the purpose of
Kralíów is especially famous for amber jeweiiery, as weil as many traditionai crafts. the report.
The local gingerbread biscuits would aiso mal<e an inexpensive as well as [ i address all of the points in
attractíve gift. ^do notiAse a lotofdescnpfive lanqmqe; the instructions.
Places for teenagers to shop be dear and fachia] organise your ideas clearly,
with headings if appropriate.
There is a very wide choice of shopping in Kraków. However, teenagers might í , include a personal
particularly enjoy the following: recommendation if you are
• Galena Krakowska, which is an upmarket shopping malí in the city centre. asked for one.
• Hala Targowa, which is a big outdoor market where many unusual gifts are sold. ^ !_ use a variety of formal
expressions and structures.
Affordable cafés and restaurants 1 i use the correct number of
If students want to eat in a cheap, good-quality café or restaurant, I would strongly words.
recommend that they avoid the main tourist centre and visit the suburbs. Alternatively, check your work for accuracy.
they can buy cheap snacks from many market stalls.
Conclusión
^LjoiA can i/ise ni^yribers oi^ bulléis fo
In my opinión, Kraków is a superb shopping destination. If students follow my highlightkeij points
recommendations they will enjoy an excellent trip without too much expense. ^
'^ijoi/ can si/mmarise anij
recommendafions in a concliAsion

llsefiil l a n g u a g e
Introducing your report
This report is intended to show /
discuss / outline...
The aim / purpose of this report is to ...
In this report I will...
Listing ideas
I would suggest the following:
... might like to consider the following:
The following are highiy
recommended:
1...
2 ... OR •...
3 ...
Suggesting additional ideas
Another option would be to ...
I would aiso suggest...
Another point to consider is that...
Alternatively,...
Moreover, / Furthermore,...
Apart from this / In addition to this,...
Making recommendations
I would strongly / highiy recommend ...
My first / second recommendation
would be to...
It would be (highiy) advisable to ...
If my recommendations are followed,
then...
The best solution / ideas would seem
to be...
Part 2 - An informal letter or email

Sample task

This is part of an email you receive from a friend.

Hope you're looking forward to the music festival this weekend! What kind of music do you like best? Would you like to stay
with me on Friday night and then we can go to the festival together on Saturday morning? And don't forget to bring your
camping gear for the Saturday night.

Write an email of 140-190 words in reply to your friend.

Model answer
i=»J Subject: music festival

Mse chaffij, cxilloqiAial laii^mqe ih infomal email orlefftir

Hi Daisy,

l'm really excited about the festival too! It sounds like it's going to be l o a d s ^
of fun.

^\e listening to all kinds of music, but l'm mainly into pop and disco - music
statfa mni that makes you feel like dancing! I can't stand goth music. It's too depressing!
pamgmph Mse ihfomal
Thanks for the reminder about the camping gear Don't worry, I won't forget
foyeach ' puii^ciiiafi'oHj inc¡i4diin0
>naih idea to bring my stuff! I haven't got a camping stove, and anyway l'm terrible at cmfracfi'o'^is\rm)a'h^
cooking, so shall w e just buy our food on site? exclamafioii mai-ks (i)
Thanks for the invite to stay Unfortunately, it's my brother's birthday on " bl/itñotfoo mahij!
Friday, and I don't want to miss it! Let's meet up at the festival on Saturday.
If we both take our mobiles, it should be easy enough to find each other.

I can't wait! develop íjoi^r ideas

- Gjive í^easons or
S e a you soon,
examples
José - i/ise si/ifabíe opemiiog aiod closiiog expi^essions

T a r g e t W r i t i n g P a r t 2:
Useful i n f o r m a l l a n g u a g e
informal letter or email Opening expressions Asking questions
Make sure you: Dear Daisy, Could you tell me (more) about...
Qj address all of the points. Hi Daisy, / Hi there, I'd love to know more about...
(21 use the correct register: Great to hear from you! Would you like to ...?
(formal or informal). How are things (with y o u ) ? Let me know if you ...
use a variety of language in the How's it going?
l'm sorry I haven't written for Making suggestions
appropriate register.
ages, but... Why don't you / we ...?
(7) divide your letter or email
W h a t / H o w about...?
into paragraphs. Giving news If I were you, I'd ...
[ link your ideas - remember
D i d i t e l l you t h a t . . . ?
you're writing a letter / email,
By the way,... Closíng expressions
not a list! A n y w a y , that's all for now.
Guess w h a t ?
[P¡ use the correct number of I have to go now, because ...
words. Responding to Speak / Write soon.
invítations & requests See you soon.
T h a n k s for the invite. I'd love to Can't wait to see you / catch up!
Sorry, but I can't... because ... Bye for now,...
That sounds like a great idea. Love, / Lots of love,...
Part 2 - A formal letter
EXPLORERS WANTEDÍ

Sample task We are looking for people from different countries to ioin
US on a two-week waiking expedition in the rainforest in
Africa. We wili be raising money for a wiidlife charity.
You have sean this advertisement in an Englisli language
magazine. • Are you interested in animáis and natura?
Write your letter of application in 140-190 words. Do not write any • Are you fit and happy to walk for iong distances?
postal addresses. • Do you llave a good leve! of English?
Please apply to our expedition leader, Mr Cabila, saying why
you thmicyou should be selected to join the expedition.
IModel a n s w e r

_yalwaij5 indi^de a mme ifijoiA are

0Ívein ome
Dear Mr Cabila,
Target Writing Part 2:
I a m w r i t i n g in r e s p o n s e to y o u r a d v e r t i s e m e n t for
formal letter checklist
people to particípate in a w a i k i n g e x p e d i t i o n . |
Make s u r e y o u :
I w o u l d be v e r y interested in j o i n i n g this expedition as |
letter use suitable opening and
I h a v e a l w a y s b e e n passionate about wiidlife. I a m |
closing e x p r e s s i o n s .
u r r e n t l y s t u d y i n g environmental science at university |
' begin by s a y i n g why you a r e
and I hope to have a career in conservation after I gradúate.
i/ise a mn0e writing.
of temes a^d In m y free t i m e , I e n j o y going for Iong w a i k s in the a d d r e s s all of the points in the
siriAdM^es - mt c o u n t r y s i d e , and 1 a i s o do cross-country r u n n i n g w i t h instructions.
JMstfhe pmeint a u n i v e r s i t y sports c l u b . 1 w o u l d d e s c r i b e m y level o f use short p a r a g r a p h s for e a c h
simple f i t n e s s as e x c e l l e n t , a n d I w o u l d relish the c h a l l e n g e o f j new topic.
trekking through jungle conditions. ¡ use formal structures,
In addition to t h e s e s k i l l s , I have been s t u d y i n g English | e x p r e s s i o n s and linkers.^
for m a n y y e a r s a n d I hope to take my First Certifícate in I ^ end by s a y i n g what y o u would
English e x a m in J u n e . | like to happen next (e.g. / look
forward to hearing from you).
enjoy working with other people, and I would !
^ use the c o r r e c t number of
describe myself as outgoing and sociable. For
ifijoi/i am • words.
these r e a s o n s , I think I would m a k e an excellent
^ c h e c k your work for a c c u r a c y .
a Job, saij m e m b e r of y o u r t e a m .
whtj ijOM If y o u r e q u i r e a n y f u r t h e r I n f o r m a t i o n , p l e a s e d o ^
shoi^ld be not h e s i t a t e to c o n t a c t m e . I look f o r w a r d to hearing |
comidei-ed
from y o u .

Yours sincerely. ^iindimctsfrt4Cfums cay)

somd wore políte
T o m o Micor

Useful f o r m a l l a n g u a g e
Opening and closing A p p l y i n g for a j o b Requesting information
expressions I have a l w a y s been interested in . I would be very grateful if you could ...
Dear Mr / Mrs / Miss + Ñame,... I have a lot of experience in / of., Would ¡t be possible for you to ...?
... Y o u r s sincerely, 1 consider myself to be / would Please could you tell me more about /
Dear Sir / Madam / Sir or Madam,... describe myself a s . . . send me further information about...
... Y o u r s faithfully, I would like the opportunity to ...
E n d i n g your letter
G i v i n g a r e a s o n for w r i t i n g Complaining I look f o r w a r d to hearing from you.
I a m writing in response to your I am not satisfied with ... T h a n k you in advance for your help.
advertisement... ... was (highiy) unsatisfactory. T h a n k you for considering my
I am writing to apply for / complain I am unhappy with the service I application.
about / enquire about... received.
I would like to request a refund.
Part 2 - A review

Sample task

An international arts website is looking for reviews of novéis for a new section called 'A Reader Writes'.
You have decided to write a review of a novel you've recently read for this section. Describe the novel
and say what you think about it. Would you recommend this novel to other people?

Write your review in 140-190 words in an appropriate styie.

Model answer

I really enjoyed the film versión of The Bourne T a r g e t W r i t i n g P a r t 2:

review more Identity starring Matt Damon, but I thought the review checklist
imteresti'iog "~ ~^ original novel by Robert Ludlum was even better. Make sure y o u :
n/ifh -persoml This book is so well-written, I didn't want to finish it! L ; choose a book, film, restaurant,
commemfs etc. t h a t you know well!
The plot is gripping right from the start. W h e n
give basic details in t h e f i r s t
^ w e first meet the lead character, Jason Bourne,
paragraph.
he is being rescued from the sea. H i s identity is a
use d i f f e r e n t paragraphs for
feainres - dori'f mystery to everyone, including himself! Over the each main idea.
0Íve too yni/ich course of the novel w e gradually find out w h o finish w i t h a positive or
detall
Bourne is, and follow h i m through a series of negative r e c o m m e n d a t i o n .
exciting adventures. _ give y o u r opinions and
A s w e l l as a highly original plot line, the novel reasons f o r t h e m .
includes a number of fascinating characters, use a lively, c a t c h y s t y l e t h a t
i/ise adverbs j

and extreme especially the villains! I only have one negative will i n t e r e s t t h e reader.
adjeciives for ^comment: i n my view, the novel is strong on _ use a range of adjectives and
emphasis action, but weaker on description. However, this is adverbs.

a small criticism of an otherwise excellent book. r use t h e c o r r e c t n u m b e r of

ccth aád
ijoiA words.
mojaUve I w o u l d highly recommend The Bourne Identity [i/J check y o u r work for a c c u r a c y .
commenfs too! to anyone w h o enjoys action or crime stories.
However, if you prefer more descriptive or
romantic novéis, then you should give it a miss. explairt ¡jOMr recommendatiom
Personally, I can't wait to start reading the sequel!

Useful l a n g u a g e
Comparing and contrasting G i v i n g an opinión
.. is even better than ... The only criticism I would make is t h a t . . .
... is (not) nearly as good as ... What I really loved a b o u t . . . is ...
.. is twice as good as ... To me,... seemed ...
.. is t h e best I have ever seen / read / been to. ... was ... f r o m start t o finish.
n comparison w i t h . . . + exceptional / good valué / gripping / lively / memorable / perfect
One of t h e strongest / weakest things a b o u t . . . / realistic / stunning / superb / well-written / -acted / -cooked etc.
In contrast,... / On t h e other hand,... — disappointing / dreadful / dull / inadequate / poor / predictable /
S ü b - s t a n d a r d / unconvincing / unimaginative / uninteresting
D e s c r i b i n g a book / film /
TV programme Making a recommendation
... is set in ... I would highly / strongly r e c o m m e n d ...
The main character is ... I certainly wouldn't recommend ...
It tells t h e story of... I strongly advise you (not) t o ...
The plot / dialogue / acting / characterisation Everyone should see / do / read this ... immediately!
is... ... is not t o be missed!
You should give ... a miss!
Don't bother reading / seeing / golng ...
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 ^ Richmond
5 8 St Aldates
Oxford
0X11ST
United Kingdom
ISBN: 978-84-668-1749-3
Target FCE original edition: 2010
Target Cambridge Englisti: First New Edition: 2014
© 2014, Santillana Educación S.L. / Riclnmond
Printed in Ctiina
D.L. M-1297-2014
A u t h o r s : Bess Bradfield. The revisions to the book were carried
out by a writing and editing team from Language Testing 123:
http://www.languagetesting123.co
Publisher: Sue Ashcroft
Digital P u b l i s h e r : Luke Baxter
Sénior Digital Editor: Belén Fernandez
D e v e l o p m e n t Editor (original edition): imogen Wyllie
E d i t o r s : Stephanie Bremner, Nicola Gardner
P r o o f r e a d e r : Nicola Gardner
Design and L a y o u t : Lorna Heaslip, Giles Davies
P i c t u r e Editor: Magdalena Mayo
Art C o o r d i n a t o r : Lorna Heaslip
Audio P r o d u c t i o n : Motivation Sound Studios (book),
dsound (online tests)
No u n a u t h o r i s e d photocopying:
All r¡gt)ts reserved. No part of tiiis book may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any
means, eledronic, mechanical, pt)otocopying, recording or
otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of ttie Publisher.
Publisher acknowledgements:
The publishers would like to thank the following for their
valuable participation in the review process and pilot project,
which made the original edition of Targeí FCE possible:
Nilz Bustamante & colleagues (Colegio Tabancura, Chile),
Richard Chapman (University of F e r r r a r a , Italy), Caroline Cooke
(British Council Madrid, Spain), Karen Dyer (Spain),
Cathy Ellis (UK), Karen Geiger (Liceo Cevolani / Liceo Ariosto,
Italy), Agnieska Gugnacka-Cook ( E L C L ó d z ' , Poland),
Gabby Maguire (International House Barcelona, Spain),
Mario Oliva (Instituto Chileno Británico de Cultura de Valparaíso,
Chile), J a c k i e Partington (International House Buenos Aires,
Argentina), María Elena Pignataro (Argentina), Patrick Rafferty
(México), Laura Renart (ISP Dr Sáenz, Universad Virtual de
Quilmes, Argentina), Añila Scott-Monkhouse (Universitá degli
Studi di Parma, Italy), Graham Tippett (Universidad Politécnica
de San Luis Potosí, México), Agnieszka Tyszkiewicz-Zora
( E L C L ó d z ' , Poland), Elizabeth Wootton (International House
Barcelona, Spain)
(ne)
The Publisher would aiso lil<e to thanl< all those who have given
their liind permission to reproduce material for this book:
lllustrations:
Krister Flodin, Scott Garrett, Sarah Goodreau, Phil Hackett,
Katie Mac, Peter Mac, J u d y Stevens
Photos:
J. Escandell.com; J. Jaime; J. V. Resino; M. Moreno; S. Enríquez;
S. Padura; A. G. E. FOTOSTOCK; ACI AGENCIA DE FOTOGRAFÍA;
ALAMY; COREIS LONDRES/Corbis; E F E / S I P A - P R E S S /
S O T H E B V S ; FOTONONSTOP; G E T T Y IMAGES S A L E S S P A I N /
Neale Clark, Thinkstock, Bob Thomas, Stone/Siri Stafford,
Stone/Ryan McVay, Peter Richardson, Raymond Patrick, Photos.
com Plus, Steve Casimiro, A F P / E r i c Feferberg, Mitchell Funk,
Chris J a c k s o n ; HIGHRES P R E S S STOCK/AbleStock.com; I.
P R E Y S L E R ; ISTOCKPHOTO/Getty Images Sales Spain; MUSEUM
ICONOGRAFÍA/J. Martin; REX F E A T U R E S ; Rex F e a t u r e s /
Tim Moran; Rex Features; M. O r t e g a / J . Frías; MATTON-BILD;
SERIDEC PHOTOIMAGENES CD; ARCHIVO SANTILLANA
R. Battafarano-Labrador; A. Chalmers, Warwick University;
www.flickr.com/hryckowian; www.flickr.com/tonydemarco;
T. Morton, Vice Magazine; www.cartoonstock.com; EverOuest
II is a registered trademark of Sony Online Entertainment L L C
in the U.S. and /or other countries. ©1999-2009 Sony Online
Entertainment L L C . Used with permission from Sony Online
Entertainment L L C . All rights reserved.
Texts:
p7 From The Life and Times of the Thunderbolt Kid by Bill
Bryson, published by Doubleday. Reprinted by permission of The
Random House Group Limited.
p89 'Heartbreak Hotel' Words and Music by Mae Boren
Axton, Tommy Durden and Elvis Presley © 1956. Reprinted by
permission of EMI Harmonies Ltd, London W1F 9LD
p89 ' L a y All Your Love On Me' by Benny Andersson and Bjorne
Ulvaeus, 1980. Reprinted by permission of Bocu Music Ltd,
London W1H 2 0 F .
p89 T h r e e Littie Birds' Words and Music by Bob Marley.
Reprinted by permission of Fifty-Six Hope Road Ltd / BlackweII
Fuller Music Publishing L L C . Administered by Blue Mountain
Music Ltd.
p115 From Atonement by lan McEwan. Published by Jonathan
Cape. Copyright © lan McEwan 2001. Reproduced by permission
of The Random House Group Limited and the author c/o Rogers,
Coleridge & White Ltd., 20 Powis Mews, London W11 U N .
Sources:
p16 Statistics from Euromonitor International
p43 Statistics from www.swissinfo.orq
p69 Statistics from 'Housework tasks that burn calories' by
Venice Kichura
p79 Information from www.usabilitynews.orq
p85 Statistic from The Linux Information Project www.linfo.orq
p91 www.happyplanetindex.orq
p129 Information from 'Hip Hop Education 101' by Marcella
Runell, Vibe Lifestyle Network L L C , www.vibe.com
Every effort has been made to trace the holders of copyright
before publication. The Publisher will be pleased to rectify any
error or omission at the earllest opportunity.
 arning Platform

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T a r g e t C a m b r i d g e E n g l i s h : F i r s t p r e p a r e s s t u d e n t s f o r t h e First Certifícate in Englísfi (FCE)
e x a m f r o m C a m b r i d g e English L a n g u a g e Assessment. Essential e x a m practice, tips a n d
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This n e w e d i t i o n has b e e n fully u p d a t e d f o r t h e r e v i s e d FCE e x a m ( f r o m J a n u a r y 2015).

T h e S t u d e n t ' s B o o k c o n t a i n s 12 t o p i c - Key Features

b a s e d units, p r o v i d i n g 9 0 - 1 2 0 h o u r s o f
c o r e m a t e r i a l , a n d c a n b e u s e d e i t h e r as • Realistic exam practice with tips and
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oniine tests include an o p t i o n a l step-
systematically reviewed and practised
by-step guide to the exam, w i t h helpful
Information about each paper and tips to • Modern design w i t h stimulating texts
help w i t h exam technique. and topics to grab and retain students'
attention
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