Pressure Enthalpy Diagram

(P-h Diagram)
 LINES OF CONSTANT ENTHALPY
Pressure (psia) LINES OF CONSTANT PRESSURE

P
R
P E
R S
E S
S HEAT CONTENT DECREASES
U
S R
U E
R
E D
R
R HEAT CONTENT INCREASESO
I P
S S
E
S

Btu/lb Heat Content

Pressure (psia)

SATURATION CURVE

Btu/lb
Btu/lb Heat Content
 THE SATURATION CURVE
• Under the curve, the refrigerant follows the
pressure-temperature relationship
• The left side of the saturation curve
represents 100% liquid
• The right side of the saturation curve
represents 100% vapor
• For non-blended refrigerants, one
pressure corresponds to one temperature
Pressure (psia)

LINES OF CONSTANT TEMPERATURE

Btu/lb Heat Content

Pressure (psia)

LINES OF CONSTANT VOLUME (ft3/lb)

Btu/lb Heat Content

Pressure (psia)

LINES OF CONSTANT ENTROPY

Btu/lb Heat Content

Pressure (psia)

LINES OF CONSTANT QUALITY

Btu/lb Heat Content

 PUT IT ALL TOGETHER…
Pressure (psia)

Btu/lb Heat Content

 Pressure-Enthalpy (p-h) Diagram for R-12 (Simplified)

Pressure
(psia) 160°F

140°F
221

120°F
172

100°F
132

80°F
99

60°F
72

40°F
52

20°F
36

0°F
24

12 20 25 31 35 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1
0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8 0 0 0 0 0
0 2 4 6 8
Enthalpy in btu/lb (Heat Content)
 Pressure-Enthalpy (p-h) Diagram for R-22 (Simplified)

Pressure
(psia) 160°F

140°F
352

120°F
275

100°F
211

80°F
159

60°F
117

40°F
84

20°F
58

0°F
39

15 24 31 40 46 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 2
0 2 9 3
Enthalpy in btu/lb (Heat Content)
 Example: An R-22 A/C System
• Condenser saturation temperature 120°F
• Condenser outlet temperature 100°F
• Evaporator saturation temperature 40°F
• Compressor inlet temperature 60°F
• Compressor Horsepower: 4 hp
 Pressure-Enthalpy (p-h) Diagram for R-22 (Simplified)

Pressure
(psia) 180°F

160°F

140°F
352
0.7
120°F
275
100°F
211
80°F
159
60°F
117
40°F
84
20°F
58
0°F
39
-20°F
25
-40°F

3 4 4 5 1 1 1 1 1
2 0 6 3 1 1 1 2 2
0 2 7 1 5
Enthalpy in btu/lb (Heat Content)
 Pressure-Enthalpy (p-h) Diagram for R-22 (Simplified)

Pressure
(psia) 180°F

160°F

140°F
352
0.7
120°F
275
100°F
211
80°F
159
60°F
117
40°F
84
20°F
58
0°F
39
-20°F
25
-40°F

3 4 4 5 1 1 1 1 1
2 0 6 3 1 1 1 2 2
0 2 7 1 5
Enthalpy in btu/lb (Heat Content)
 Pressure-Enthalpy (p-h) Diagram for R-22 (Simplified)

Pressure
(psia) 180°F

160°F

140°F
352

275
A 120°F
0.7

100°F
211
80°F
159
60°F
117
40°F
84

58 B 20°F C
0°F
39
-20°F
25
-40°F

3 4 4 5 1 1 1 1 1
2 0 6 3 1 1 1 2 2
0 2 7 1 5
Enthalpy in btu/lb (Heat Content)
 Pressure-Enthalpy (p-h) Diagram for R-22 (Simplified)

Pressure
(psia) 180°F

160°F

140°F
352

275
A 120°F
0.7

100°F
211
80°F
159
60°F
117
40°F
84

58 B 20°F C
0°F
39
-20°F
25
-40°F

3 4 4 5 1 1 1 1 1
2 0 6 3 1 1 1 2 2
0 2 7 1 5
Enthalpy in btu/lb (Heat Content)
 Pressure-Enthalpy (p-h) Diagram for R-22 (Simplified)

Pressure
(psia) 180°F

160°F

140°F
352

275
A 120°F D 0.7

100°F
211
80°F
159
60°F
117
40°F
84

58 B 20°F C
0°F
39
-20°F
25
-40°F

3 4 4 5 1 1 1 1 1
2 0 6 3 1 1 1 2 2
0 2 7 1 5
Enthalpy in btu/lb (Heat Content)
 Pressure-Enthalpy (p-h) Diagram for R-22 (Simplified)

Pressure
(psia) 180°F

160°F

140°F
352

275
A 120°F D 0.7

100°F
211
80°F
159
60°F
117
40°F
84

58 B 20°F C
0°F
39

25
-20°F High: 275 psia
-40°F
Low: 84 psia
“A”: 40 btu/lb
“B”: 40 btu/lb
“C”: 112 btu/lb
“D”: 125 btu/lb
3 4 4 5 1 1 1 1 1
2 0 6 3 1 1 1 2 2
0 2 7 1 5
Enthalpy in btu/lb (Heat Content)
High: 275 psia
Low: 84 psia WORK INPUT
“A”: 40 btu/lb = ENTHALPY AT “D” – HEAT CONTENT AT “C”
“B”: 40 btu/lb = 125 btu/lb – 112 btu/lb = 13 btu/lb
“C”: 112 btu/lb
“D”: 125 btu/lb COOLING EFFECT
= ENTHALPY AT “C” – HEAT CONTENT AT “B”

= 112 btu/lb – 40 btu/lb = 72 btu/lb

HEATING EFFECT
= ENTHALPY AT “D” – HEAT CONTENT AT “A”
= 125 btu/lb – 40 btu/lb = 85 btu/lb
 Desired output Cooling effect QL
COPR   
Required input Work input Wnet ,in
Desired output Heating effect QH
COPHP   
Required input Work input Wnet ,in