CIVILEN 4350 HW6

Problem 1 f'c ≔ 4000 fy ≔ 60000

β1 ≔ 0.85 Es ≔ 29000

dstirrup ≔ 0.375 cover ≔ 1.5

(a) Vu and Mu

wu ≔ 1.2 ⋅ 1.5 ――1.8

= ―― L ≔ 30

Pu ≔ 1.6 ⋅ 15 = 24
L2
wu ⋅ ―― + Pu ⋅ 10
2
Rr ≔ ――――――― = 35 Rl ≔ wu ⋅ L + Pu - Rr = 43
L
Vu ((x)) ≔ if x ≤ 10 | Mu ((x)) ≔ if x ≤ 10 |
‖ R - wu ⋅ x ⋅ | ‖ 2 |
‖ l | ‖ ((x ⋅ )) |
else if 7.5 ≤ x ≤ 30 | ‖ Rl ⋅ x ⋅ - wu ⋅ ――― 2
|
‖ R - wu ⋅ x ⋅ - Pu | ‖ |
‖ l | else if 7.5 ≤ x ≤ 30 |
‖ 2 |
‖ ((x ⋅ )) |
‖ Rl ⋅ x ⋅ - wu ⋅ ――― - Pu ⋅ ((x - 10)) ⋅ |
‖ 2 |

10.556 30
51
42.5

Guess Values
34
25.5
17
x1 ≔ 10

Constraints
8.5
0 Vu ((x1)) ＝ 0
-8.5 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 Vu ((x)) (( )) Solver
((x1)) = 10.556
-17
-25.5
-34
-42.5

x
Mumax ≔ Mu ((10.556)) = 340.278 ⋅
340.278
10.556 30
350
315
280
245
210
175
140
105
Mu ((x)) (( ⋅ ))
70
35
0
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30

Simply Summported beam and ln ≔ 30

ln
hmin ≔ ― = 22.5 < h ≔ 20 ..... Therefore, the deflection check is required!
16

2 2
d#3 ≔ 0.375 A#3 ≔ 0.11 d#8 ≔ 1 A#8 ≔ 0.79

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1 of 10
CIVILEN 4350 HW6

(b) Check the Design Strength

Both End Section (Between L1)

b ≔ 14 h ≔ 20
⎛ ⎛ 3 ⎞ d#8 ⎞
⎜ 2 ⋅ ⎜1 + ―⋅ d#8⎟ + 4 ⋅ ―― ⎟
⎜ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2 ⎟
d ≔ h - cover - d#3 - ――――――――― = 16.958 d' ≔ 2.5
⎜⎝ 6 ⎟⎠
d#8
dt ≔ h - cover - d#3 - ―― = 17.625
2
Design Moment Strength ( ϕ ⋅ Mn )

2 2
As ≔ 6 ⋅ A#8 = 4.74 As' ≔ 2 ⋅ A#8 = 1.58

Equilibrium Equation: 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ a ⋅ b + As' ⋅ fs' ＝ As ⋅ fs

((As - As')) ⋅ fy a
Assume that As and As' yields. a ≔ ――――― = 3.983 c ≔ ― = 4.686
0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ b β1
0.003 fy
εs ≔ ――⋅ ((d - c)) = 0.008 > εty ≔ ―― = 0.002 threfore, fs ≔ fy
c Es
0.003 fy
ε's ≔ ――⋅ ((c - d')) = 0.001 < εty ≔ ―― = 0.002 threfore, fs' ≔ Es ⋅ ε's
c Es
Nc ≔ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ a ⋅ b + As' ⋅ fs' Nt ≔ As ⋅ fy
Guess Values

c≔2
Constraints

0.003
0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ b ⋅ c ⋅ β1 + As' ⋅ Es ⋅ ――⋅ ((c - d')) ＝ As ⋅ fy
c
Solver

(( )) = 5.25

Redefine values c ≔ 5.25 a ≔ c ⋅ β1 = 4.463

0.003
εs ≔ ――⋅ ((d - c)) = 0.007 fy
c > εty ≔ ―― = 0.002 threfore, fs =fy
Es
0.003
ε's ≔ ――⋅ ((c - d')) = 0.0016 fy
c < εty ≔ ―― = 0.002 threfore, fs' ≔ Es ⋅ ε's = 45.571
Es
⎛ a⎞
NC1 ≔ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ b ⋅ c ⋅ β1 = 212.415 z1 ≔ ⎜d - ―⎟ = 14.727
⎝ 2⎠
NC2 ≔ As' ⋅ fs' = 72.003 z2 ≔ ((d - d')) = 14.458

0 003
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CIVILEN 4350 HW6
0.003
εt ≔ ――⋅ ((dt - c)) = 0.007 ϕ ≔ if εt < 0.002 | = 0.9
c ‖ 0.65 |
‖ |
∴ Tension Controlled else if εt > 0.005 |
‖ 0.9 |
‖ |
else |
‖ |
Mn ≔ NC1 ⋅ z1 + NC2 ⋅ z2 = 347.441 ⋅ ⎛ 0.9 - 0.65 ⎞ ⎛ fy ⎞ |
‖ 0.65 + ⎜―――― ⎟ ⋅ ⎜εt - ―― ⎟
‖ fy ⎟ ⎝
⎜ 0.005 - ―― Es ⎠ |
‖ |
‖ ⎜⎝ Es ⎟⎠ |

Maximum Moment in L1 is Mu ≔ max ((Mu ((7.5)) , Mu ((30 - 7.5)))) = 271.875 ⋅

Mu
ϕ ⋅ Mn = 312.697 ⋅ > Mu = 271.875 ⋅ .... O.K. I ≔ ――― = 0.869
ϕ ⋅ Mn

Design Shear Strength ( ϕ ⋅ Vn ) λ≔1 (normal weight concrete)

ϕ ≔ 0.75
2
Av ≔ 2 ⋅ A#3 = 0.22 s≔5
‾‾‾‾
f'c Av ⋅ fy ⋅ d
i) Vc ≔ 2 ⋅ λ ⋅ ―― ⋅ ⋅ b ⋅ d = 30.031 Vs ≔ ―――= 44.77
s
ii) Vn ≔ Vc + Vs = 74.801 ϕ ⋅ Vn = 56.101

‾‾‾‾
f'c ⎛d ⎞
Since Vs = 44.77 < 4⋅ ―― ⋅ ⋅ b ⋅ d = 60.062 , smax ≔ min ⎜―, 24 ⎟ = 8.479
⎝2 ⎠

iii) The spacing of stirrups s = 5 < smax = 8.479 , therefore... OK

⎛ ‾‾‾‾
f'c b b ⎞
Avmin ≔ max ⎜0.75 ⋅ ―― ⋅ ⋅ ―, 50 ⋅ ―― ⎟ ⋅ smax = 0.099 2 < Av = 0.22 2
... OK
⎜ fy fy ⎟
――
⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
‾‾‾‾
f'c
iv) Vs = 44.77 < 8 ⋅ ―― ⋅ ⋅ b ⋅ d = 120.124 ....therefore... OK

⎛ ⎛ d ⎞ ⎛ L - d ⎞⎞ Vu
ϕ ⋅ Vn = 56.101 > Vu ≔ max ⎜Vu ⎜――⎟ , Vu ⎜――⎟⎟ = 40.456 .... OK I ≔ ―― = 0.721
⎝ ⎝ 12 ⎠ ⎝ 12 ⎠⎠ ϕ ⋅ Vn

Center Section (Between L2)

b ≔ 14 h ≔ 20
1
d ≔ h - cover - d#3 - d#8 - ―― = 16.625 d' ≔ 2.5
2
d#8
dt ≔ h - cover - d#3 - ―― = 17.625
2
Design Moment Strength ( ϕ ⋅ Mn )

2 2
As ≔ 8 ⋅ A#8 = 6.32 As' ≔ 2 ⋅ A#8 = 1.58

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3 of 10
CIVILEN 4350 HW6

Equilibrium Equation: 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ a ⋅ b + As' ⋅ fs' ＝ As ⋅ fs

((As - As')) ⋅ fy a
Assume that As and As' yields. a ≔ ――――― = 5.975 c ≔ ― = 7.029
0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ b β1
0.003 fy
εs ≔ ――⋅ ((d - c)) = 0.004 > εty ≔ ―― = 0.002 threfore, fs ≔ fy
c Es
0.003 fy
ε's ≔ ――⋅ ((c - d')) = 0.00193 vs εty ≔ ―― = 0.002 threfore, fs' is very close to fy . Let's check!
c Es
Nc ≔ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ a ⋅ b + As' ⋅ fs' Nt ≔ As ⋅ fy
Guess Values

c≔2
Constraints

0.003
0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ b ⋅ c ⋅ β1 + As' ⋅ Es ⋅ ――⋅ ((c - d')) ＝ As ⋅ fy
c
Solver

(( )) = 7.161

Redefine values c ≔ 7.161 a ≔ c ⋅ β1 = 6.087

0.003 fy
εs ≔ ――⋅ ((d - c)) = 0.004 > εty ≔ ―― = 0.002 threfore, the assumption ( fs ≔ fy ) is correct.
c Es
0.003 fy
ε's ≔ ――⋅ ((c - d')) = 0.00195 v.s. εty ≔ ―― = 0.002 threfore, fs' = 45.571 is close to fy .
c Es
⎛ a⎞
NC1 ≔ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ b ⋅ c ⋅ β1 = 289.734 z1 ≔ ⎜d - ―⎟ = 13.582
⎝ 2⎠
NC2 ≔ As' ⋅ fs' = 72.003 z2 ≔ ((d - d')) = 14.125
0.003
εt ≔ ――⋅ ((dt - c)) = 0.00438 ϕ ≔ if εt < 0.002 | = 0.847
c ‖ 0.65 |
‖ |
∴ ϕ ≠ 0.9 and should be computed else if εt > 0.005 |
‖ 0.9 |
‖ |
else |
‖ |
Mn ≔ NC1 ⋅ z1 + NC2 ⋅ z2 = 412.674 ⋅ ⎛ 0.9 - 0.65 ⎞ ⎛ fy ⎞ |
‖ 0.65 + ⎜―――― ⎟ ⋅ ⎜εt - ―― ⎟
‖ fy ⎟ ⎝
⎜ 0.005 - ―― Es ⎠ |
‖ |
‖ ⎝⎜ Es ⎠⎟ |

Maximum Moment in L2 is Mu ≔ Mumax = 340.278 ⋅

Mu
ϕ ⋅ Mn = 349.715 ⋅ > Mu = 340.278 ⋅ .... O.K. I ≔ ――― = 0.973
ϕ ⋅ Mn

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4 of 10
CIVILEN 4350 HW6

Design Shear Strength ( ϕ ⋅ Vn ) λ≔1 (normal weight concrete)

ϕ ≔ 0.75
2
Av ≔ 2 ⋅ A#3 = 0.22 s≔8
‾‾‾‾
f'c Av ⋅ fy ⋅ d
i) Vc ≔ 2 ⋅ λ ⋅ ―― ⋅ ⋅ b ⋅ d = 29.441 Vs ≔ ―――= 27.431
s
ii) Vn ≔ Vc + Vs = 56.872 ϕ ⋅ Vn = 42.654

‾‾‾‾
f'c ⎛d ⎞
Since Vs = 27.431 < 4⋅ ―― ⋅ ⋅ b ⋅ d = 58.882 , smax ≔ min ⎜―, 24 ⎟ = 8.313
⎝2 ⎠

iii) The spacing of stirrups s = 8 < smax = 8.313 , therefore... OK

⎛ ‾‾‾‾
f'c b b ⎞
Avmin ≔ max ⎜0.75 ⋅ ―― ⋅ ⋅ ―, 50 ⋅ ―― ⎟ ⋅ smax = 0.097 2 < Av = 0.22 2
... OK
⎜ fy fy ⎟
――
⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
‾‾‾‾
f'c
iv) Vs = 27.431 < 8 ⋅ ―― ⋅ ⋅ b ⋅ d = 117.763 ....therefore... OK

Vu
ϕ ⋅ Vn = 42.654 > Vu ≔ max ((Vu ((7.5)) , Vu ((30 - 7.5)))) = 29.5 .... OK I ≔ ―― = 0.692
ϕ ⋅ Vn

(c) Comments

1. Deflection Check: The deflection should be checked since the depth of the beam is smaller than
hmin .

2. Strength Check: All design strengths ( ϕ ⋅ Vn and ϕ ⋅ Mn ) are larger than the member forces under
ultimate loading conditions along the whole length.

3. Cost-cutting: Since the current design shear strength is large enough, we can reduce the number of
stirrups along the whole length.

a. For L1 range: #3 @ 8 is enough. (since ϕ ⋅ Vn with stirrups of #3 @ 8 > Vu )

ϕ ⋅ Vc
b. For 10 ft <x <16.689 ft, stirrups are not required. (since Vu < ――= 11.04 )
2
10 30 - 16.689
Guess Values

x3 ≔ 12 ――= 15 ―――――― = 19.967

8 8
Constraints

ϕ ⋅ Vc
Vu ((x3)) ＝ -―― Therefore, total 16+21 = 37 stirrups (#3) are required.
2
Solver

(( )) = 16.689
10 16.689 30
51
42.5
ϕ ⋅ Vc 34
――= 11.04 25.5
11.04
17
2 8.5
-11.040
-8.5 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 Vu ((x)) (( ))
Vu ((16.689)) = -11.04 -17
-25.5
-34
-42.5

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CIVILEN 4350 HW6

fy ≔ 60000 f'c ≔ 4000 b ≔ 16.5 d ≔ 18 β1 ≔ 0.85

2 2
d#7 ≔ 0.875 A#7 ≔ 0.6 d#4 ≔ 0.5 A#4 ≔ 0.2 L ≔ 24

Beam Section with 6 -#7

As ⋅ fy a
As ≔ 6 ⋅ A#7 = 3.6 2 a ≔ ―――― = 3.85 c≔―
0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ b β1
0.003 ⋅ ((d - c))
εs ≔ ――――― = 0.009 > 0.005, therefore fs ≔ fy and ϕ ≔ 0.9
c
⎛ a⎞
Mn1 ≔ As ⋅ fy ⋅ ⎜d - ―⎟ = 289.348 ⋅ ϕ ⋅ Mn1 = 260.413 ⋅
⎝ 2⎠
Beam Section with 4 -#7
As ⋅ fy a
As ≔ 4 ⋅ A#7 = 2.4 2 a ≔ ―――― = 2.567 c≔―
0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ b β1
0.003 ⋅ ((d - c))
εs ≔ ――――― = 0.015 > 0.005, therefore fs ≔ fy and ϕ ≔ 0.9
c
⎛ a⎞
Mn2 ≔ As ⋅ fy ⋅ ⎜d - ―⎟ = 200.599 ⋅ ϕ ⋅ Mn2 = 180.539 ⋅
⎝ 2⎠
Beam Section with 2-#7
As ⋅ fy a
As ≔ 2 ⋅ A#7 = 1.2 2 a ≔ ―――― = 1.283 c≔―
0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ b β1
0.003 ⋅ ((d - c))
εs ≔ ――――― = 0.033 > 0.005, therefore fs ≔ fy and ϕ ≔ 0.9
c
⎛ a⎞
Mn3 ≔ As ⋅ fy ⋅ ⎜d - ―⎟ = 104.15 ⋅ ϕ ⋅ Mn3 = 93.735 ⋅
⎝ 2⎠
⎛ f'c ⎞
‾‾‾‾
⎜ 3 ⋅ ―― ⎟
200 ⋅
ρmin ≔ max ―――, ―――⎟ = 0.0033
⎜ Asmin ≔ ρmin ⋅ b ⋅ d = 0.99 2
⎜ fy fy ⎟
⎜ ――⎟ Asmin ≔ ρmin ⋅ b ⋅ d = 0.99 2 > As = 1.2 2
...OK
⎝ ⎠

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6 of 10
CIVILEN 4350 HW6

Define Mu(x)

Mumax ≔ ϕ ⋅ Mn1

wu ⋅ L 2 ϕ ⋅ Mn1 ⋅ 8
Since Mumax ＝ ――― , wu ≔ ―――― = 3.617 ――
8 L2
wu ⋅ L
R ≔ ――= 43.402
2 2
((x ⋅ ))
Mu ((x)) ≔ R ⋅ x ⋅ - wu ⋅ ―――
2
Guess Values

Guess Values
a1 ≔ 5 a2 ≔ 2
Constraints

Constraints
Mu ((a1)) ＝ ϕ ⋅ Mn2 Mu ((a2)) ＝ ϕ ⋅ Mn3
Solver

Solver
((a1)) = 5.354 ((a2)) = 2.4

a1 ≔ 5.354 ⋅ = 64.248 a2 ≔ 2.4 ⋅ = 28.8

64 = 5.333 28 = 2.333

2.4 5.354 18.646 21.6 24

270
180.539240
210
180
93.735 150
120
90
60
30
0
-30 0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 25

Mu ((x)) (( ⋅ )) x

Define Development Length

Ψt ≔ 1 for bottom bars

Ψe ≔ 1 for uncoated reinforcement Ψt ⋅ Ψe = 1 < 1.7...OK
Ψs ≔ 1 for #7 bars
λ ≔ 1 for normal weight concrete

⎛ d#7 1 ⎛⎝b - 2 ⋅ 1.5 - 2 ⋅ d#4 - d#7⎞⎠ ⎞

cb ≔ min ⎜1.5 + d#4 + ―― , ―――――――――― ⎟ = 1.163 : bar-spacing factor
⎝ 2 2 5 ⎠
2
Atr ≔ 2 ⋅ A#4 = 0.4 s≔9 n≔2
40 ⋅ Atr db ≔ d#7 = 0.875
Transverse reinforcement index Ktr ≔ ――― = 0.889
s⋅n
cb + Ktr
――― = 2.344 ≤ 2.5............ OK
db
fy
3 ⋅ ――
Ψt ⋅ Ψ e ⋅ Ψs
ld ≔ ―――― ⋅ ―――― ⋅ db = 26.555 ld = 2.213
‾‾‾‾
f'c cb + Ktr
40 ⋅ λ ⋅ ―― ―――
db

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7 of 10
CIVILEN 4350 HW6

ld |
ϕMn ((x)) ≔ if x ≤ ― |
| a1 = 5.354
‖ x |
‖ ϕ ⋅ Mn3 ⋅ ―― | a2 = 2.4
‖ ld |
‖ ― |
‖ |
ld a2 |
else if ―≤ x ≤ ― |
|
‖ϕ⋅M |
‖ n3
|
a2 a2 + ld |
else if ― ≤ x ≤ ―――
|
‖ |
⎛ a2 ⎞ |
‖ ⎜x - ―⎟ |
‖ ⎛ ⎞ ⎝ ⎠
‖ ϕ ⋅ Mn3 + ⎝ϕ ⋅ Mn2 - ϕ ⋅ Mn3⎠ ⋅ ――― ld
|
‖ |
― |
‖‖
|
a2 + ld a1 |
else if ――― ≤x≤― |
‖ϕ⋅M |
‖ n2 |
|
a1 a1 + ld |
else if ― ≤ x ≤ ―――
|
‖ |
⎛ a1 ⎞ |
‖ ⎜x - ―⎟ |
‖ ⎛ ⎞ ⎝ ⎠
‖ ϕ ⋅ Mn2 + ⎝ϕ ⋅ Mn1 - ϕ ⋅ Mn2⎠ ⋅ ――― ld
|
‖ ― |
‖‖ |
|
a1 + ld |
else if ――― ≤x |
‖ϕ⋅M |
‖ n1 |
2.4 5.354 12
275 ld = 2.213
250
225
200 a2 = 2.4
175
150
125 a2 + ld = 4.613
100
75
x
50 a1 = 5.354
25
0 a1 + ld = 7.567
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

ϕMn ((x)) (( ⋅ )) Considering the development length,

L L
x1 ≔ ―- a1 = 6.646 x2 ≔ ―- a2 = 9.6
Mu ((x)) (( ⋅ )) 2 2
--> x1 ≔ 6.667 = 80 and x2 ≔ 9.667 = 116
ladd ≔ max ⎛⎝d , 12 ⋅ d#7⎞⎠ = 18
L L
Cut-off considering the shear effect, x1 ≔ ―- a1 + ladd = 8.146 and x2 ≔ ―- a2 + ladd = 11.1
2 2
In practice, x1 ≥ 8.167 = 98 and x2 ≥ 11.167 = 134

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8 of 10
CIVILEN 4350 HW6

Mn
SCI section 9.7.3.8.3: ld ≤ ―― + la
Vu f'c ≔ 4000 ⋅ fy ≔ 60000

(a) Find ld d ≔ 17.5 b ≔ 14 d#9 ≔ 1.128 A#9 ≔ 1 2

Ψt ≔ 1 for bottom bars d#3 ≔ 0.375 A#3 ≔ 0.11 2

Ψe ≔ 1 for uncoated reinforcement

Ψs ≔ 1 for #9 bars
λ ≔ 0.75 for lightweight concrete

⎛ 1 ⎞
cb ≔ min ⎜2.5 , ―((14 - 2 ⋅ 2.5 ))⎟ = 2.5 : bar-spacing factor
⎝ 2 ⎠
2
Atr ≔ 2 ⋅ A#3 = 0.22 s≔8 n≔2

40 ⋅ Atr db ≔ d#9 = 1.128

Transverse reinforcement index Ktr ≔ ――― = 0.55
s⋅n
cb + Ktr cb + Ktr
――― = 2.704 ≤ 2.5............ therefore ――― ＝ 2.5
db db
fy
3 ⋅ ――
Ψt ⋅ Ψ e ⋅ Ψs
ld ≔ ―――― ⋅ ―――― ⋅ db = 42.805
‾‾‾‾
f'c 2.5
40 ⋅ λ ⋅ ――

Mn
(b) Find ―― + la 2
Vu As ≔ 2 ⋅ A#9 = 2 la ≔ 5
As ⋅ fy
a ≔ ―――― = 2.521
0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ b
⎛ a⎞
Mn ≔ As ⋅ fy ⋅ ⎜d - ― ⎟ = 162.395 ⋅
⎝ 2⎠

6.5 ―― ⋅ 14
Vu ≔ ―――――= 45.5
2

Mn
―― + la = 47.829
Vu
Mn
ld = 42.805 < ―― + la = 47.829 , therefore, the use of 2-#9 satifsies ACI 9.7.3.8.3
Vu

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9 of 10
CIVILEN 4350 HW6

(a) If flexural reinforcement is cut off according to the moment diagram, the flexural cut-off point is
the point in the beam where the remaining steel not cut off is just adequate for the moment if
stressed to . Due to the effect of shear, this point actually occurs about farther away and hence this
point is critical.

(b) Ψt is the reinforcement location factor. For top bars (horizontal bars) that are placed more than
12 inch above fresh concrete during the cast, there could be the formation of entrapped air and
moisture underneath of the bars, resulting in partial loses of bond between concrete and the top
bars. Therefore, this condition ( Ψt ≔ 1.3 ) requires a longer development length than the other case
( Ψt ≔ 1.0 ).

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10 ofUse
10 Only