TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction and Objectives of the project 2

Project category 3

Design 4

Data Structures 10

Process Logic of Modules 11

Testing 14

Tentative contents of the report 16

Tools/platform Hardware and software requirement specifications 17

Hardware requirement specifications 19

Software requirement specifications 20

Are you doing this project for any Industry/Client? 21

Future scope and further enhancement of the project 22

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 1. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

Software Engineering is the application of systematic, disciplined, and quantifiable approach

to the design, development, operation, and maintenance of software, and study of these approaches

that is the application of engineering to software. The term software engineering first appeared in the

1968 NATO software engineering conference and was meant to provoke thought regarding the

perceived software crisis at the time.

The development of portal for web based newspaper generally means creating a website in

which the management of all news and activities are done by the administrator where all people

(viewers) can view and know all the relevant information about the knowledge which they seek.

Registered users can write comments to the news on their choice. This project is about the designing

of a newspaper which displays the news which a normal person want to know. This portal is designed

by using HTML, CSS, Bootstrap, JavaScript, PHP and MySQL.

The portal has basically three user parts where one is registered user (authentication required)

who can view, add comment can have general discussion with another user and another is administrator

(has an authentication) who will manage or control the website and other user (no authentication

required) can only view and search. The website consists of basic pages from which the user can view

and know the relevant information like Latest news, Literature, Education and Sports. In other case,

the administrator manages all the relevant actions for which the users can view properly and also make

reports.

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 2. PROJECT CATEGORY

An Online News Portal is the online version of a newspaper. Going online created more

opportunities for newspapers, such as competing with broadcast journalism in presenting breaking

news in a timelier manner. The credibility and strong brand recognition of well-established

newspapers, and the close relationships they have with advertisers, are also seen by many in the

newspaper industry as strengthening their chances of survival. The movement away from the printing

process can also help decrease costs.

Online newspapers are much like hard-copy newspapers and have the same legal boundaries, such as

laws regarding libel, privacy and copyright, also apply to online publications in most countries.

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 3. DESIGN

Design phase deals with transforming the requirements, as described in the SRS document,

into a form that is implemented using a programming language. The various designs of this system

are shown as following:

1. Data Flow Diagram:

Data Flow diagram is a graphical representation of flow of data throughout the information

system. Data flow diagrams illustrate how data is processed by a system in terms of inputs and outputs.

Name Notation Role

Process

Transforms incoming data flow to output data flow

Data Store

Repositories of data in the system.

Dataflow

Dataflow are pipelines through which packets of information flow.

External Entity

External entities are objects outside the system, with which the system communicates

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 Publish News Account Details

Account Details

0.0
News Details Add Comments Regd
Administrator
Users
Online News
User details World

Content Details

Edit Info. View

Unregd Users

FIGURE (1) CONTEXT DIAGRAM

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 Admin News Feed

View And Comment on

Regd User
News

Unreged User View News

FIGURE (2) LEVEL 0 DFD

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 1.1
Write
comments

Write info.

1.6
Search info.
Other user
Activity
1.2 1.4
Display info.
User activity
News details
Edit info.

1.5
Manage info. User info. Acc. info
Admin activity

Acc. info 1.3

Register

Save data

Data base

FIGURE (3) LEVEL 1 DFD

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Entity Relationship Diagram:

Online News World

Videos Contains Entertainm

ent

Sports Literature
News

Automobil
Education
es

Manages
Registred Unregistred

Registred Users Administrator Unregistered Users

UserID Email
UserID Username

Username Password

Password
Email

FIGURE (4) E R DIAGRAM

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Use case diagram:

FIGURE 4 USECASE DIAGRAM

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4. DATA STRUCTURES

Data Dictionary:

News Details: {Sports News + Education News + Business news…}

User Details :{ User Id +User Name+ Email Id + Password}

Comment :{ Name+ Email+ Message}

View Detail :{ Headlines + Previous News}

Search Detail: {Topic + News}

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 5. PROCESS LOGIC OF MODULES

The purpose of SRS (Software Requirement Specification) document is to describe the external

behavior of the web based newspaper. It defines the operations, performance and interfaces and quality

assurance requirement of the web based newspaper. The complete software requirements for the

system are captured by the SRS (Software Requirement Specification).

2.1. Functional Requirements:

For documenting the functional requirements, the set of functionalities supported by the system

are to be specified. A function can be specified by identifying the state at which the data is to be input

to the system, its input data domain, the output data domain, and the type of processing to be carried

on the input data to obtain the output data.

Basically the management parts are the functional requirements which are uploading details,

search topic, edit option and user registration.

R1: UPLOADING NEWS ITEMS

Description: Uploading function can be done by the administrator who has authorization to

manage the website. Before uploading a news item it will be edited by the editors and then it is

displayed on the home page.

R2: SEARCH TOPIC

Description: Search function does not require any authentication from administrator so any

user can perform this function. If user searches for a news item then the news will be displayed on the

screen if it related to the search topic.

R2.1: Select search option

Input: Search option.

Output: User will be prompted to enter the search topic.

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R2.2: Check for the search topic

Input: Checks for the search topic related item.

Output: We will be prompted to display the items.

R2.3 Display the item

Input: Enter topic related to item.

Output: Display the item.

Processing: It checks for any item related to the search topic and displays it on the screen and if there

is no item related to the topic is present then it will pop as no related item.

R3: USER REGISTRATION

Description: Registration is allowed to the users who are not registered yet (unregistered users)

and completion of this function they can also write comments.

R3.1: Select register option

Input: Register option.

Output: User will prompted to write a user name, email id, and password.

R3.2: Check for validity

Input: Checks whether any other registered users have same information.

Output: We will be prompted to register successfully if it has different information or else it

will be rejected.

Processing: It checks if the information submitted about the new user is similar to any other registered

user if yes it rejects the user information if no then new user will be registered successfully.

R4. COMMENT ON NEWS

Description: A registered user will be able to add comment on news of their choice. Users will

be asked to register or login to write comment on news, if they are not registered or logged in.

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R4.1: Select the comment option

Input: Comment option

Output: Users will be prompted to write comments.

Processing: After commenting that will be displayed under the new column.

Quality Attributes: The source code for the system is well documented for ease of maintenance and

upgrading the system in future.

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 6. TESTING

Testing phase is a very important for a successful system. In this phase before implementing

the new system into operation, for eliminating bugs a test run of the system is done. After completing

codes for the whole programs of the system, a test plan should be developed and run one given set of

test data. Using the test data subsequent test run are carried out:

Unit testing: It is a method by which individual units of source code, sets of one or more

program modules collectively with associated control data, usage procedures, and operating

procedures, are tested to determine whether they are fit for use. Intuitively, one can view a unit as the

smallest testable part of an application. In procedural programming a unit can be an entire module

but is more commonly an individual function. In object-oriented programming a unit is an entire

interface but could be an individual method. Unit test is created by programmers or by white box

testers during the development process. Each test case is independent from the others: substitutes like

method stubs, mock object scan be used to assist testing a module in isolation. Unit tests are typically

written and run by software developers to ensure that code meets its design and behaves as intended.

Its implementation can vary from being very manual to being formalized as part of build automation.

Integration testing: It is the phase in software testing in which individual software modules

are combined and tested as a group. It occurs after unit testing and before validation testing.

Integration testing takes as its input modules that have been unit tested, groups them in larger

aggregates, applies tests defined in an integration test plan to those aggregates, and delivers as its

output the integrated system ready for system testing .

Program test: After the programs have been coded, compiled and carried out to working

conditions, they must be independently tested with the prepared test data. Any unwanted happening

should be noted and debugged.

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 System Test: When the program test for each of the programs of the system is written and

errors are removed then system test is complete. At this stage the test is done on actual data. The

complete system is put into execution on the actual data. At every stage of the execution, the output

of the system is studied. During the outcome analysis, it may be found that the outputs are not

matching the estimated output of the system. In such situation, the bugs or errors in the particular

programs are recognized and are fixed and further verified for the expected output. When it is

confirmed that the system is running error-free, the users are called with their own real data so that

the system could be presented running as per their requirements.

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7. TENTATIVE CONTENT OF THE REPORT

1. User Registration

2. User login

3. Search news (Any users)

4. Upload news (Administrator)

5. Delete old news (Administrator)

6. Comment on new (only registered users)

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 8. TOOLS / PLATFORM, HARDWARE and SOFTWARE
REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATIONS

In this project MySQL Server will be used as relational database management system. MySQL is

an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). Its name is a combination of "My",

the name of co-founder Michael Widenius' daughter, and "SQL", the abbreviation for Structured Query

Language. The MySQL development project has made its source code available under the terms of the

GNU General Public License, as well as under a variety of proprietary agreements. MySQL was owned

and sponsored by a single for-profit firm, the Swedish company MySQL AB, now owned by Oracle

Corporation.

In this project PHP will be used as server-side scripting language. It designed primarily for

web development but also used as a general-purpose programming language. Originally created by

Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994, the PHP reference implementation is now produced by The PHP

Development Team. PHP originally stood for Personal Home Page, but it now stands for the

recursive acronym PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor.

PHP code may be embedded into HTML code, or it can be used in combination with various

web template systems, web content management systems and web frameworks. PHP code is usually

processed by a PHP interpreter implemented as a module in the web server or as a Common

Gateway Interface (CGI) executable. The web server combines the results of the interpreted and

executed PHP code, which may be any type of data, including images, with the generated web page.

PHP code may also be executed with a command-line interface (CLI) and can be used to implement

standalone graphical applications.

In this project HTML, CSS, BOOTSTRAP and JavaScript will be used as client side scripting

languages. In computing, JavaScript is a high-level, dynamic, untyped, and interpreted programming

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language. It has been standardized in the ECMAScript language specification. Alongside HTML and

CSS, JavaScript is one of the three core technologies of World Wide Web content production; the

majority of websites employ it, and all modern Web browsers supported it without the need for plug-

ins. JavaScript is prototype-based with first-class functions, making it a multi-paradigm language,

supporting object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles. It has an API for working

with text, arrays, dates and regular expressions, but does not include any I/O, such as networking,

storage, or graphics facilities, relying for these upon the host environment in which it is embedded.

JavaScript is also used in environments that are not Web-based, such as PDF documents, site-specific

browsers, and desktop widgets. Newer and faster JavaScript virtual machines (VMs) and platforms

built upon them have also increased the popularity of JavaScript for server-side Web applications. On

the client side, developers have traditionally implemented JavaScript as an interpreted language, but

more recent browsers perform just-in-time compilation. Programmers also use JavaScript in video-

game development, in crafting desktop and mobile applications, and in server-side network

programming with run-time environments such as Node.js.

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the main markup language for displaying web pages and

other information that can be displayed in web browser. HTML written in the form of the HTML elements

consisting of tags enclosed in angle brackets with in the web page content. The purpose of the web browser

is to read HTML documents and compose them into visible web pages . The browser never displays the

HTML tags these tags are used to interpret the content of the pages.

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is referred to define the appearance and layout of text and other

material. CSS is encouraged to be used over explicitly presentational HTML markup.

JavaScript is embed script in language which affect the behavior of HTML web pages.

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9. HARDWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATIONS

PROCESSOR PENTIUM III630Mhz or Advanced

RAM 128MB or more

HARDDISK 20GB or more

MONITOR 15`` color or advanced

KEYBOARD Any

MOUSE Any

PRINTER To print the report

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10. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATIONS

Operating System Windows XP, Windows7, Windows 10

Languages PHP, HTML, CSS, BOOTSTRAP, JavaScript

Database MySQL

Browser Mozilla, Chrome, Internet Explorer

Webserver IIS/ Apache

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11. Are you doing this project for any Industry/Client?

No

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 12. FUTURE SCOPE AND FURTHER ENHANCEMENT OF THE

PROJECT

After processing through all phases of the System Development Life Cycle, the portal will be

developed. In future it will be hosted on the internet server which will be accessed by all people in the

world and can view the site and learn as much as news and information about the world. The Administrator

or editor who will be assigned for editing or managing or controlling will be given the secure login

information and will change or modify the website as per the requirements.

Also in future we can add more features to support smart phones, iPads, iPhones and other

electronic devices.

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