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(BT 303)
Course Co-ordinator
Dr. Mahera Moin
DCOB, Dow University of Health
Sciences
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Chapter 2
Chemical Equilibrium
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* Learning Objectives:
You should be able to define:
* Reversible reactions
* Irreversible reactions
* Chemical equilibrium
* Homogenous equilibria
* Heterogenous equilibria
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Irreversible and Reversible Reactions
Irreversible Reactions
Most of the reactions occur only in one direction. They are
called irreversible reactions.
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Reversible Reactions
Reversible Reactions
A reaction is said to be reversible if under certain conditions of
temperature and pressure, the forward and reverse reactions occur
simultaneously
The reactants in the forward reaction are on the left of the arrows.
The reactants in the reverse reaction are on the right of the arrows.
In the forward reaction, nitrogen and hydrogen combine to form the
product, ammonia. In the reverse reaction, ammonia decomposes
into the products hydrogen and nitrogen
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Reversible Reactions
Reversible Reactions
Figure c and d: As the reaction proceeds, the rate of the forward reaction continues
to decrease and the rate of reverse reaction continues to increase until the two rates are
equal
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Chemical Equilibrium
Chemical equilibrium can also be defined as a state in which
the forward and reverse reactions balance each other because
they take place at equal rates
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Chemical Equilibrium
Homogeneous Equilibria
The type of equilibrium in which all the reactants and the
products are in the same physical state
Heterogenous Equilibria
When the reactants and the products are present in more than
one physical state, the equilibrium is called a heterogenous
equilibria
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* References and Further Reading:
*Essentials of Physical Chemistry by Arun Bhal, BS Bhal,
GD Tuli Reprint 2016
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*Thank you
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