Exam 1 Review

LAB 1
- Ecological Pyramid
-draw and label using appropriate terminology
-give examples at each trophic level
-explain the shape (RULE of 10)

- Rule of Ten
-only 10% of the total available energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next

-Specimens
Identify the organism.
Autotrophs or Heterotrophs?
What trophic level does it represent?

LAB II & III

-Bryophytes (moss)
-Trichophytes
-seedless Trichophytes (ferns)
-seed Trichophytes
-gymnosperms (cones)
-angiosperms (flowering)
-monocots (corn
-dicots (beans)

-Requirements for Terrestrial Life

-Cuticle – prevent water loss from evaporation
-Increased Rigidity – hard and strong stem in vascular tissue
-Vascular tissue – help transport nutrients
-decreased reliance on water for reproduction (seed)

-Alternation of Generations
-the alternation of a plan’s life cycle between tis gametophyte and
sporophyte generations

-sporophytes (2n -> n, n, n, n) meiosis

-gymnosperms (n + n -> 2n)  mitosis

-Gametophyte Generations
-genetic content = N
-produce gametes via mitosis
- spores, gametophyte plant, antheridia/archegonia, sperm/egg
 -Sporophyte Generations
-genetic content = 2N
=produce spores through meiosis
-zygote/embryo, sporophyte plant, sporangia spore mother cell

-Homosporous Life Cycle

-produce only one type of spores
-bryophytes and seedless tracheophytes

-Heterosporous Life Cycle

-produce two different types of spores
-megaspores (female)
-microspores (male)
-Seed Tracheophytes

-Gymnosperms
-non flowering
-evergreen
-sporangia found in cones
-ovulate cone (female)
-staminate cone (male)
-Angiosperm
-flowering
-monocots and dicots
-sporangia found in flower plants
-pistil (female)
-stigma
-style
-ovary
-stigma(male)
-anther (sperm producer)
-filament

-monocots
-dicots
-roots
-cotyledon (angiosperm – structure of ember and seed)
-vascular bundles
-ventilation

-monocots
-one cotyledon
-fibrous roots
-vascular bundles through stems
 -parallel veins in leaves
-flower petals in groups of threes

-dicots
-two cotyledon
-tap roots
-vascular bundles arranged in ring
-netlike veins
-flower petals in groups of 4 or 5

-Labs IV & V – Classify Animals

-Organization: Cellular  Tissue  Organ

-Symmetry: Asymmetrical Radial Bilateral

-Digestive System: none  incomplete  complete

- Germ Layers:
-Diploblastic – Endoderm + Ectoderm
-Triploblastic – Endoderm + Mesoderm + Ectoderm

Cellular
-no germ layers
-no symmetry
Tissue
-2 germ layers
-radial symmetry

Organ
-3 germ layers
-bilateral
-coelom development (has a mesoderm)

-Coelom
-a fluid filled cavity lined with the epithelium derived from the
mesoderm that houses organs.
-Fluid allows: ability of organs to move and grow a cushioning for
the organs

Acoelomate - no coelom (flatworm)

Pseudocoelomate – partial (round worm)
Eucoelomate - full (segmented worm)
 Protostome – mouth formed first
Deuterostome – anus formed first

-Phylum Profierfea - Sponges

-cellular level of organization
-no germ layers
-spicules for support
-collar cell

-Phylum Cnideria – sea jellies and anomeneme

-tissues
-diploblastic
-radial symmetry
-cnidoblatst with nematocysts
-polymorphic

-Phylum Platyhelminates – Flat worms

-organ level of organizations
-triploblastic
-acoelomate
-bilateral symmetry
-cephalization
-blind sac

-Phylum Nematode – round worm

-pseduocoelom
-tube within a tube body plan

-Pylum Rotifera -
-pseduoc
-heterotroph
-primary consumers

-Pyhlum Mollusca - bivavles

-eucoelomate
-protosome
-open circulatory system
-mantle
-muscular foot

-Phylum Annelida – segmentended worms

 -closed circulatory system – hemoglobin
-longistiundal and circular smooth muscle

-Phylum Arthropoda  Arachnida, Crustacea, Insecta

-exoskeleton with jointed appendages
-striated muscles
well-developed nervous systems

-Pyhlum Echniodermata
-eucoelmate
-deuterostomes
-dermal endoskeleton
-bilateral symmetry as a larva, bilateral and pentradial symmetry as adults
-water vascular with tube feet

-Phylum Chrodata
-notochord
-post anal tail
-pharyngeal gill slits
-dorsal hollowed nerve cord
- Chondrocytes
-cartilaginous fish – no bones
-no swim bladder
-respiration: gills
-Osteophytes
-bony fish
-swim bladder for buoyancy
-respiration: gills
-Amphibia
-1st land vertebrates
-ectothermic – aka cold blooded
-dual life
-respiration  lungs and skin  50%/50%
-Reptilia
- complete terrestrial life
-ectotherms
-respiration: lungs
-lay amniotic eggs
-Aves (really Reptilia)
-feathers
-endothermic, aka warm blooded
-lay amniotic eggs
-Mammilla
-mammary glands
 -hair
-two sets of teeth
-endothermic