Exam

Name___________________________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1) Which of the following is mismatched? 1)

A) laryngitis — voice loss
B) sinusitis — headache and nasal mucous
C) pharyngitis — sore throat
D) epiglottitis — sore throat
E) otitis media — earache
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

2) Microscopic examination of a lung biopsy shows thick-walled cysts. What is the etiology of the 2)
symptoms?
A) Mycobacterium
B) Pneumocystis
C) Blastomyces
D) Histoplasma
E) Coccidioides
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

3) A patient has pneumonia. Gram-negative rods are cultured on nutrient agar from a sputum 3)
sample. The etiology is
A) Legionella pneumophila.
B) Chlamydophila psittaci.
C) Streptococcus pneumonia.
D) Haemophilus influenzae.
E) Burkholderia pseudomallei.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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4) Which of the following etiologic agents results in the formation of abscesses? 4)
A) Streptococcus
B) Coccidioides
C) Mycoplasma
D) Blastomyces
E) Staphylococcus
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

5) Which of the following requires treatment with both antibiotics and antitoxins? 5)
A) psittacosis
B) scarlet fever
C) tuberculosis
D) whooping cough
E) diphtheria
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

6) Which of the following is responsible for epidemics of respiratory disease in infants? 6)

A) Mycoplasma
B) rhinovirus
C) influenza
D) adenovirus
E) respiratory syncytial virus
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

7) Microscopic examination of a lung biopsy shows spherules. What is the etiology of the symptoms? 7)
A) Mycobacterium
B) Blastomyces
C) Pneumocystis
D) Coccidioides
E) Histoplasma
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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 8) Which of the following is mismatched? 8)
A) Coxiella — Q fever
B) Chlamydophila — psittacosis
C) Burkholderia — melioidosis
D) Mycobacterium — whooping cough
E) Mycoplasma — walking pneumonia
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

9) Which of the following diseases has a cutaneous form, especially in individuals over 30 years of 9)
age?
A) legionellosis
B) scarlet fever
C) diphtheria
D) coccidioidomycosis
E) psittacosis
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

10) The most effective means of preventing influenza is 10)

A) isolation of carriers.
B) pasteurization of milk.
C) vector control.
D) administration of amantadine.
E) annual vaccination.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

11) Infection by which of the following is often confused with viral pneumonia? 11)
A) Mycobacterium
B) Mycoplasma
C) Blastomyces
D) Streptococcus
E) Coccidioides
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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12) Which of the following diseases is NOT correctly matched to its vaccine? 12)
A) tuberculosis — toxoid
B) diphtheria — toxoid
C) whooping cough — heat-killed bacteria
D) pneumococcal pneumonia — capsular polysaccharides
E) influenza — viruses grown in embryonated eggs
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

13) Which of the following causes opportunistic infections in AIDS patients? 13)
A) Aspergillus
B) Rhizopus
C) Mucor
D) Pneumocystis
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

14) All of the following are used as first-line drugs for treating tuberculosis EXCEPT 14)
A) fluoroquinolones.
B) isoniazid.
C) ethambutol.
D) pyrazinamide.
E) rifampin.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

15) Which one of the following is an irregular, gram-positive rod? 15)

A) Bordetella pertussis
B) Corynebacterium diphtheriae
C) Pneumocystis jirovecii
D) Streptococcus pyogenes
E) Burkholderia pseudomallei
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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16) Which one of the following produces small "fried-egg" colonies on medium containing horse 16)
serum and yeast extract?
A) Legionella
B) Chlamydophila
C) Streptococcus
D) Mycobacterium
E) Mycoplasma
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

17) Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of influenza? 17)

A) headache
B) muscle aches
C) fever
D) diarrhea
E) chills
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

18) Which of the following diseases is NOT correctly matched to its reservoir? 18)
A) histoplasmosis soil
B) psittacosis parakeets
C) coccidioidomycosis air
D) tuberculosis cattle
E) pneumocystis humans
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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19) Which one of the following causes a disease characterized by the catarrhal, paroxysmal, and 19)
convalescent stages?
A) Streptococcus pyogenes
B) Bordetella pertussis
C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
D) Corynebacterium diphtheriae
E) respiratory syncytial virus
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

20) Which of the following microorganisms causes symptoms most like tuberculosis? 20)
A) Influenzavirus
B) Mycoplasma
C) Histoplasma
D) Coccidioides
E) Legionella
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

21) Which of the following statements regarding tuberculosis is FALSE? 21)

A) Nearly 1/3 of the world’s population shows symptoms of tuberculosis.
B) Nearly 1/3 of the world’s population is infected with tuberculosis.
C) At least 1/3 of those who are TB-positive are also HIV-positive.
D) It is responsible for nearly 2 million deaths per year.
E) Treatment requires at least six months of antibiotic therapy.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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22) A patient has fever, difficulty breathing, chest pains, fluid in the alveoli, and a positive tuberculin 22)
skin test. Gram-positive cocci are isolated from the sputum. The patient most likely has
A) influenza.
B) tuberculosis.
C) the common cold.
D) pneumococcal pneumonia.
E) mycoplasmal pneumonia.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

23) Which one of the following produces the most potent exotoxin? 23)
A) Streptococcus pneumoniae
B) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
C) Bordetella pertussis
D) Streptococcus pyogenes
E) Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

24) Which of the following is NOT an intracellular parasite? 24)

A) RSV
B) Coccidioides
C) Influenzavirus
D) Coxiella
E) Chlamydophila
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

25) A patient who presents with red throat and tonsils can be diagnosed as having 25)
A) scarlet fever.
B) diphtheria.
C) the common cold.
D) streptococcal pharyngitis.
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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26) Legionella is transmitted by 26)
A) vectors.
B) airborne transmission.
C) foodborne transmission.
D) person-to-person contact.
E) fomites.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

27) Inhalation of arthroconidia is responsible for infection by which of the following organisms? 27)
A) Chlamydophila
B) Mycoplasma
C) Blastomyces
D) Coccidioides
E) Streptococcus
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

28) The primary victims of the influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 were 28)
A) residents of Spain; therefore, it was known as the “Spanish Flu."
B) residents of the U.S.
C) infants and the elderly.
D) young adults.
E) members of the military.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

29) Which of the following is mismatched? 29)

A) Mycobacterium acid-fast rod
B) Haemophilus gram-negative rod
C) Mycoplasma gram-positive pleomorphic rod
D) Bordetella gram-negative pleomorphic rod
E) Corynebacterium gram-positive rod
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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30) Members of the group A streptococci (GAS) cause all of the following EXCEPT 30)
A) strep throat.
B) rheumatic fever.
C) scarlet fever.
D) epiglottitis.
E) pharyngitis.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

31) All of the following can lead to a positive tuberculin skin test EXCEPT 31)
A) vaccination.
B) immunity to tuberculosis.
C) previous tuberculosis infection.
D) current tuberculosis infection.
E) being near someone with tuberculosis.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

32) A patient has a paroxysmal cough and mucus accumulation. What is the etiology of the symptoms? 32)
A) Mycoplasma
B) Burkholderia
C) Bordetella
D) Mycobacterium
E) Corynebacterium
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

33) All of the following are true of the common cold EXCEPT 33)
A) it is transmitted via aerosols and contact.
B) the duration of symptoms is approximately one week.
C) early treatment will drastically reduce the disease symptoms.
D) it is caused by rhinoviruses and coronaviruses.
E) complications include laryngitis and otitis media.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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34) Which of the following is mismatched? 34)
A) Q fever Rickettsia
B) whooping cough Bordetella
C) melioidosis Burkholderia
D) epiglottitis Haemophilus
E) psittacosis Chlamydia
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

35) All of the following are classified as fungi EXCEPT 35)

A) Mycobacterium.
B) Pneumocystis.
C) Histoplasma.
D) Coccidioides.
E) Blastomyces.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

36) The patient is suffocating because of the accumulation of dead tissue and fibrin in her throat. What 36)
is the etiology of the symptoms?
A) Bordetella
B) Corynebacterium
C) Haemophilus
D) Mycobacterium
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

37) Which of the following does NOT cause otitis media? 37)
A) Coxiella burnetii
B) Moraxella catarrhalis
C) Streptococcus pneumoniae
D) Haemophilus influenzae
E) Streptococcus pyogenes
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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38) Soil is a reservoir for all of the following EXCEPT 38)
A) Q fever.
B) melioidosis.
C) histoplasmosis.
D) blastomycosis.
E) coccidioidomycosis.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

39) Which of the following statements about mycoplasmal pneumonia is TRUE? 39)
A) Treatment is tetracyclines.
B) Annual vaccination can prevent infection.
C) The symptoms resemble pneumococcal pneumonia.
D) The causative agent is a virus.
E) The causative agent cannot be cultured.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

40) The lower respiratory tract is protected by all of the following EXCEPT 40)
A) IgA antibodies.
B) mucous secretions.
C) competition with the normal flora of the lungs.
D) alveolar macrophages.
E) the ciliary escalator.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

41) Which of the following is an opportunistic pathogen? 41)

A) Histoplasma
B) rhinovirus
C) Legionella
D) Mycoplasma
E) Pneumocystis
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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42) Which one of the following causes a disease characterized by a red rash? 42)
A) Streptococcus
B) Blastomyces
C) Mycoplasma
D) Coccidioides
E) RSV
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

43) The patient has a sore throat. What is the etiology of the symptoms? 43)
A) Rhinovirus
B) Corynebacterium
C) Streptococcus
D) Bordetella
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

44) Infection by which of the following results in the formation of Ghon complexes? 44)
A) Bordetella pertussis
B) Corynebacterium diphtheriae
C) Blastomyces dermatidis
D) Streptococcus pyogenes
E) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

45) The patient is suffocating because of an inflamed epiglottis. What is the etiology of the symptoms? 45)
A) Bordetella
B) Corynebacterium
C) Haemophilus
D) RSV
E) Mycobacterium
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.

46) Vaccination with the influenza vaccine confers lifelong immunity to influenza virus. 46)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

47) It is common for a normal, healthy individual to carry potentially pathogenic organisms in their 47)
upper respiratory tract.
Answer: True False
Explanation:

48) Coccidioides immitis causes Valley fever, a disease that is endemic to the Mississippi Valley. 48)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

49) Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes atypical pneumonia, also known as “walking pneumonia." 49)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

50) Risks for Q fever include contact with infected cattle and drinking unpasteurized milk. 50)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

51) The most common causative agent of bacterial pneumonia is Streptococcus pneumoniae. 51)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

52) The symptoms of diphtheria are due to an exotoxin that blocks proteins synthesis in host cells. 52)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

53) Infections with Legionella pneumophila are usually transmitted via aerosols from contaminated air 53)
conditioning systems, showers, and humidifiers.
Answer: True False
Explanation:

54) A positive tuberculosis skin test indicates that the patient has active tuberculosis. 54)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

55) Most cases of sinusitis and otitis media will not resolve unless they are treated with antibiotics. 55)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.

56) Compare and contrast antigenic shift and antigenic drift in influenza virus. How do antigenic shifts and drifts
contribute to the need for annual vaccinations to prevent influenza?
Answer:

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57) Using diphtheria and whooping cough as examples, discuss why it is necessary to continue to vaccinate against
diseases that are relatively rare in the U.S. today.
Answer:

58) Pneumonia is diagnosed by the presence of fluid (dark shadows in an X-ray image) in the alveoli. Given that
pneumonia usually is caused by a microorganism, what causes the fluid accumulation? Name a bacterium, a
virus, a fungus, a protozoan, and a helminth that can cause pneumonia.
Answer:

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Answer Key
Testname: C24

1) D
2) B
3) E
4) D
5) E
6) E
7) D
8) D
9) C
10) E
11) B
12) A
13) E
14) A
15) B
16) E
17) D
18) C
19) B
20) C
21) A
22) D
23) E
24) B
25) E
26) B
27) D
28) D
29) C
30) D
31) E
32) C
33) C
34) A
35) A
36) B
37) A
38) A
39) A
40) C
41) E
42) A
43) E
44) E
45) C
46) FALSE
47) TRUE
48) FALSE
49) TRUE
50) TRUE
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Answer Key
Testname: C24

51) TRUE
52) TRUE
53) TRUE
54) FALSE
55) FALSE
56)
57)
58)

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