Achieving High Chilled-

Water Delta Ts
 Chillers Plant-Main Components
Cooling Load
Tower AHU
FCU
FAHU

Chilled Water Pump

Quizzes as introduction
What is High Delta Temp.?

13’C
56’F

4.5’C
40’F
If Chiller Maximum Cap. is 600 TR: It can COOL 1000 gpm of CH.W.
4.5’C

40’F Delta T: 16’F (9’C)

CH. Optimum Operation

4.5’C
13.5’C
40’F
56’F

Delta T: 3’F (1.5’C)

6’C
CH. Inefficient Operation
43’F
The Challenges-
Chillers

Pumps
Cooling
Towers
Energy
Meters
Occupants
Satisfaction
Enviro.
Effect
What will happen to CH. W. Sys. Components
when Delta Temp. Differ (Keep Changing)?
gpm Delta-T TR
1000 1 42
1000 2 83
1000 3 125
1000 4 167
1000 5 208
1000 6 250
1000 7 292
1000 8 333
1000 9 375
1000 10 417
1000 11 458
1000 12 500
1000 13 542
1000 14 583
1000 15 625
1000 16 667

Can same-GPM transfer more Cooling if

Delta Temp. Increases?
 -
1-Chiller & 1-Pump is Working to Deliver 600 TR @ Delta Temp.: 15’F

4.5’C 5.5’C

40’F 42’F

600- TR/Chiller
1000
gpm/
Pump

13.5’C 14.5’C
56’F 58’F
gpm Delta-T TR
500 4 83.3
600 4 100
700 4 117
800 4 133
900 4 150
1000 4 167
1400 4 233
1100 4 183
1200 4 200
1500 4 250
1800 4 300
2000 4 333
2500 4 417
3000 4 500
4000 4 667

When Delta Temp. is fixed, how many TR

can be transfer when flow change?
 -
5-Chillers & 5-Pumps are Working to Deliver 600 TR @ Delta Temp.: 4’F

4.5 12.2
’C ’C
40’F 54’F

600- TR/Chiller
4000-
gpm
Pump

6.7 14.5
’C ’C
44’F 58’F
If we have a Building Load 600 TR: How many Chiller we will Work?

5000
3’F gpm

4000
gpm
6’F
3000
gpm
9’F
2000
gpm
12’F

1000
gpm
16’F
If we have a Building Load 600 TR: How many Chiller we will Work?

Inefficient Operation Optimum Operation

4.5’C 4.5’C

40’F 40’F

6.7’C 13’C

44’F 56’F
Chillers
Pumps
Cooling
Towers
Energy
Meters
Occupants
Satisfaction
Enviro.
Effect (-)

What will happen to Power Consumption Ratio

when Delta T decreases? (Low T. Syndrome)
Chillers

Pumps
Cooling
Towers
Energy
Meters
Occupants
Satisfaction
Enviro.
Effect

What will happen to Power Consumption Ratio

when Delta T increases? (High T. Syndrome)
Chillers

Pumps

Cooling
Towers

Energy
Meters

Occupants
Satisfaction
What will happen to Power Consumption Ratio
when the need for CH. W. Flow decrease?
 Results-
Once high gpm Delta-T TR
chilled-water 1000 1 41.7
Delta Ts is 1000 2 83.3
1000 3 125.0
achieved, mo 1000 4 166.7
re Btu’s (J/s) 1000 5 208.3
of cooling 1000 6 250.0
will be 1000 7 291.7
1000 8 333.3
accomplished 1000 9 375.0
per gallon 1000 10 416.7
(liter) of 1000 11 458.3 J/S)
1000 12 500.0
chilled-water 1000 13 541.7
distributed. 1000 14 583.3
1000 15 625.0
 Results-
Pressure losses
and pumping
energy will
decline
considerably in
existing hydronic
hydronic cooling One Working Pump
systems and Compare to 5-Pumps
smaller pumps
and piping may
be installed in
new hydronic hydronic
cooling systems.
 Results-
Also, water chiller
capacities will
no longer be
limited by
maximum
cooler flow
rates chilled-
water storage
tanks will store
many more MJ
ton/hours (MJ)
of cooling.
 Results-
This
fundamental
approach
provides
significant, en
during
improvements
in the
performance
of variable- hydronic
flow hydronic
cooling
systems.
 Results-
Maximize the
cooling
efficiency
of Cooling
Coil and
prevent
over
flooding of
CH. Water
& increase
Delta-T
 Results-
Anther
important
benefit is
the cooling
transferred
from
Primary
Circuit to
Secondary
Circuit
1’C+/-1’C
 Results-
The efficient
cooling &
pumping
means less
Working:
•
• Chillers.
•
• C. Towers.
•
• Pumps. •
• Dhs Per TR.
The Challenge: How to achieve & maintain
High Delta-T?
Estimate of Situation: The Need for Balancing
and/or re-balancing of CH. W. Flow System.
 ASHRAE

5- Oversized
3- Automatic Main Piping
Flow Limiting Method
Valves

2- Manual
Balance
Using DRV
Method 4- Reverse
Return
Method
1- No
Balancing
Method

Basic: Since “ASHRAE” approved 5 Methods of

Chilled Water Piping
 ASHRAE
-

Basic of “ASHRAE”: No Balancing required

except Manual Balance Method using DRV.
 - -

We like to take you today in a small journey to

test possible solutions step-by-step.
 Agenda: :
• Identify Possible Reasons for •
Low Delta-T and quantify effect
of peak heating load?
• Design an automatic control •
system that will higher Delta-T
• Fix the control system and •
commission, also keep
monitoring the performance.
• Ensure system capacity to treat •
dehumidification preciously
while trying to control high DT .
• Balance the comfort with •
efficiency and energy saving.
• Suggest New Specifications -- •
with connected Load. --
How DC-Provider Can Achieve High Delta?

When CH.W. Pumps are located below loads, How can u transfer Cooling?
 The 5th Annual Middle East District
Our Solution
has revealed at: Cooling Summit – 2013 @ Qatar

WORKSHOP
Partners
 How to Call us ?
To benefit from our
Services:
• Consultancies.
•
• Corrections.
•
Call:

Dr. Taoufik A. Hadi

Eng. Juma Yousef
Mobile: +971-50-4948385
jumayjuma@gmail.com