Academic Performance of Senior High School Student

of Pangasinan State University- Urdaneta City

Campus in Relation to their Family Structure

Gavis, Ruben Jr. S.

Maramba, Leonard Karl C.

Santos, Leonil H.

Researchers
 Chapter I

Background of the Study

Family is a group of three or more persons living together in one home. Family
can be small nuclear, big nuclear or joint family types according to the number of
members in the family. It also has different types of family, nuclear, and extended family
according to the kind of family set up or situation. The different types of family structures
reflects to the academic performance in the students in school. A new comer baby
requires positive family relationships for his/her overall development and wellbeing in the
society. Being raise by different type of family has a effect to his/her attitude and the
culture of a child. This is what supposed to be but nowadays, some of the new comer
babies grow up into different family structures wherein their parents are separated,
grandparents, step and only one of their parents live with them. A family plays a great
role in preparing the new generation child for whole life in the community. Not a family
structure is the need of everyone especially children but, a healthy family and supportive
parents whom they live with.
A strong foundation for any individual comes from being with supportive family.
Being part of a blessed family is one among of the greatest gift that an individual has in
life. Not having a strong family base may end up in troubles only. Children who do not
feel loved and supported by their parents do not have the interest to take their studies
seriously and the worst is that they do not have the interest to enter school. The absence
of a supportive and complete family is like a vacuum, there is nothing that could not fill it.
The impact of family structure to the academic performance of the learners is the
chosen topic of the researchers because the researchers want to know the difference of
having a different types of parent and the impact of it to the academic performance of
their children. The researchers observe that one of the most pressing issues in the
society is the increased of broken family. They want to reveal how this family conflict
affects and relates to the academic performance of the learners who lives with this kind
of family.
Statement of the Problem
This study aimed to reveal the impact of having broken family to the academic
performance of the students of college student of Pangasinan State University-Urdaneta
City Campus.
Specifically, it will answer the following questions:
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:
a. Strand
b. Sex
c. MFI
d. Family Structure
i. Nuclear
ii. Extended
2. What is the level of the academic performance and the respondents?
3. Is there a significant relationship to the level of academic performance to their
profile?
4. Is there a significant difference in the academic performance when group according
to family structure?

Significance of the Study

The researcher believes that this study will benefit the following:
a. Teachers - to raise the consciousness of the teachers to the different problems of the
society specifically, about different family structure. In order for the teachers have the
knowledge about the impact of this family structures to the academic performance of
their students.

Scope and Delimitations of the study

This study focuses to the senior high school students of Pangasinan State University-
Urdaneta City living with nuclear and extended family structure affecting their academic
performance. It is all about the impact of nuclear and extended family structure to the
academic performance of the learners. It is the chosen topic of the researchers to reveal
the academic performance of the students with nuclear and extended family structure.

The research instrument that the researchers will use to conduct this study is interview.
The sample that the researchers will use stratified random sampling for this study.
There are one hundred twenty six (126) respondents that are in the STEM, HUMMS,
and ICT strand that will be interviewed in this study that are part of the 25 percent of the
population each section.

Definition of Terms

Nuclear family- is the part if a family that includes only the father, mother, and children.

Extended family- is a family that includes not only the parents but also other relatives.

CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Based on the researcher’s review of related literatures, the following are found to
be significant to the proposed study:

There are two kind of a family structure, one of that is the Nuclear family
structure which includes the two biological parent and children, and the second one is
the Extended family structure which include the two biological parent, children and the
kin. Family gives the greatest influences, either positive or can be negative. It is one of
the greatest inspiration of a children for their whole life. It will also serve as the greatest
foundation for those challenges that will come in life, especially to the academic life.

Family structure, situation, and composition has been accordant predictor of

mental health outcomes (e.g., Cavanagh, 2008) and academic performance for youth
(e.g., Jeynes, 2005). Those two biological parent and their children living with
grandparents and other relatives in one household, called as Extended Family, are
generally report comparatively higher percentage of Depression and Lower Academic
Performance. The function of youths has been correlated to the family processes, which
are the transactional patterns of interpersonal interactions developed over time among
the household members. Family structure does not tell the story of a youth. It is just a
partial point, either success or a failure (Walsh, 2003).
 According to Jeynes W.H. (2005), there are effects of the three main aspects of
parental involvement and the family structure in the academic achievement of those
student. The family structure and two of the three aspects of parental involvement were
associated with higher adolescent academic achievement, when gender, race, and socio
economic status are controlled. Academic achievement was strongly predicted by the
family structure. Attending a school functions and discussion of school issues has also a
positive impact to the adolescent academic achievement.

The researchers gathered the data of National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. It

says that family structure affects the behavioral and cognitive skill of a children aged 7 to
10 years old. The researchers extend the previous research by using the longitudinal
definition of family structure and exploring the two multiple mechanisms through which
may affect the children in two outcome domains. The researchers also found the family
income, psychological functioning of mothers, and the quality of the home environment
are very important for the children’s behavior. Moreover, family income and mother’s
aptitude have a notable effect on children’s cognitive skill.

According to Bengston, V.L. (2001), there are 3 reasons why multi-generational

or Extended family structure will become more important in the 21st century: (a) the
demographic changes of population aging, resulting in “longer years of shared lives”
between generations; (b) the increasing importance of grandparents and other kin in
fulfilling family functions; (c) the strength and resilience of intergenerational solidarity
overtime. The changes in family structure including divorce and stepfamily, increased
longevity of kin, and the diversity of intergenerational relationship are the caused why
family multigenerational are increasingly diverse.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The Senior High Analysis of data The academic

School Students through survey performance of the
(Grade 12 STEM, questionnaire that learners according
HUMSS, and ICT) the learners going to their family
of Pangasinan State to answer structure and its
University Urdaneta impact are
City-Campus Statistical treatment revealed
 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN

This research was a descriptive and correlational study because it revealed the
research the relationship and the impact of family structure to the academic performance
of the SHS Student of Pangasinan State University Udaneta City-Campus.

RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

The respondents of this study are the SHS Students of Pangasinan State
University Urdaneta City-Campus, the Grade 12 STEM, HUMSS, and ICT.

SAMPLING SCHEME

Stratified Random Sampling

The researchers will use proportionate stratification, a type of stratified sampling.

The sample size of each stratum is proportionate to the population size of the stratum.
Each stratum has the same sampling fraction.

The sampling fraction will be 1/4 (25%) of the population size of the stratum. 25%
of the students in each section will be gathered as the respondents of the study.

Stratum Population size Sampling fraction Final sample size

STEM 1 56 25% 14

STEM 2 60 25% 15

STEM 3 32 25% 8

STEM 4 34 25% 9

STEM 5 38 25% 10

STEM 6 37 25% 9
 STEM 7 51 25% 13

HUMMS A 34 25% 9

HUMMS B 30 25% 8

HUMMS C 59 25% 15

ICT 64 25% 16

DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE

The first thing that the researcher did was to find the subjects that SHS students
are the same on the last semester. After that, the researchers made a survey
questionnaire and give it to the validators to make a revision. When it was validated, the
researcher gave the survey questionnaires to the target respondents to answer it. Lastly,
the researchers wrote down the his/her findings, conclusions, as well as the
recommendations.

STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS

To determine the academic performance of the learners who lived with their family
structure, the researchers utilized the first semester grades of Senior High School. The
descriptive equivalents of the score was interpreted based on University of the
Philippines and Pangasinan State University grade point system.
Grade Point Equivalence Description

Scale Scale 2 Grade Description US Grade

1.00 - 1.25 97.00 - 100.00 Excellent A

1.25 - 1.49 94.00 - 96.99 Very good A-

1.50 - 1.74 91.00 - 93.99 Very good B+

1.75 - 1.99 88.00 - 90.99 Good B

2.00 - 2.24 85.00 - 87.99 Good B-

2.25 - 2.49 82.00 - 84.99 Satisfactory C+

2.50 - 2.74 80.00 - 81.99 Satisfactory C

2.75 - 2.99 78.00 - 79.99 Unsatisfactory C-

3.00 - 3.99 75.00 - 77.99 Unsatisfactory D+

4.00 - 4.99 70.00 - 74.99 Conditional D

5.00 - 5.00 0.00 - 69.99 Fail F

Failing Final Grade To identify the impact of family structure to the learners the
following ranges and interpretation were used.

1.00 - 1.75 - Very Low Impact

1.76 - 2.5 - Low Impact

2.51 – 3.25 – Fair

3.26 - 4.00 - High Impact

Pearson R Product Moment was used to determine the impact of family structure
to the academic performance of the learners.

The data analysis tool feature of Microsoft Excel was utilized in treating the
statistical data needed in the study.

REFERENCES:

Bengston, V.L. (2001). Beyond the nuclear family: The increasing importance of
multigenerational bonds. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63(1), 1-16.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.00001.x.

Mohanraj, R., & Latha. (2005). A study of perceived family environment in relation to
adjustments and academic achievement. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied
Psychology, 31(1-2), 13-18. Retrieved from
http://search.ebscohost.com.biblioproxy.uqtr.ca/login.aspx?direct=true&db-
psyh&AN=2006-03234-003&site=ehost-live.

Arnold, A.L., Lucier-Greer, M., Mancini, J.A., Ford, J.L., & Wickrama, K.A.S. (2017). How
Family Structures and Processes Interrelate: The Case of Adolescent Mental Health and
Academic Success in Military Families. Journal of Family Issues, 38(6), 858-879.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X15616849.

Jeynes, W.H. (2005). Effects of Parental involvement and Family Structure on the
Academic Achievement of Adolescents. Marriage & Family review, 37(3), 99-116.
https://doi.org/10.1300/J002v37n03_06.